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The Causes of Autism
What We Know Today

In the 1920s, autism was not recognised as a distinct condition. Children who would now be identified as autistic were often misdiagnosed with childhood schizophrenia or psychosis, and many were institutionalised due to limited scientific understanding.

Science has moved on.

Today, research shows that autism is a neurodevelopmental condition with a strong genetic basis, shaped by environmental influences. Autism cannot be explained by a single gene or by environmental factors alone.

Hundreds of genes have been associated with autism. Autism emerges when genetic susceptibility interacts with certain environmental factors during early brain development.

Differences in brain development influence how autistic individuals process information, including cognition, sensory experiences, communication, and behaviour.

We have come a long way in understanding the causes of autism, and there is still more to learn.