Lak Thaisamuth

Mixed Conditional
Form:
1. If + Past Simple, Would Have + Past Participle
2. If + Past Perfect, Would + Infinitive

Usages:
Mixed Conditional refers to an impossible, unreal past condition and improbable result in the present. They contrary to reality both in the past and in the present.

Mixed Conditional:
Refers to a mixture of second and third conditionals there are two types of mixed conditional sentence.
1. Mixed Second/Third Conditional
If + Past Simple, Would Have + Past Participle
2. Mixed Third/Second Conditional
If + Past Perfect, Would + Infinitive

Mixed Second/Third Conditional
**Describes a present condition of past result .

For example:
- If you were better at speaking in public, the presentation would
have been more successful.
- The presentation would have been more successful If you were
better at speaking in public.
- If the students had more time, they would have finished their
work yesterday.
- If I were a good cook, I would have invited film star to dinner.

Mixed Third/Second Conditional
**Describes a past condition of present result.

For example:
- If I had gone to university, I would be a doctor now.
- I would be a doctor now If I had gone to university.
- If I had listened to your advice, I wouldn’t be in the mess.
- If you had crashed the car, you might be in trouble.

Third Conditional
Form: If + Past Perfect, Would Have + Past Participle
Usages: The Third Conditional is used to express the unreal or impossible situation in the past.

For Example:
- If I had known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a
present.
- I would have bought you a present If I had known it was your
birthday.
- If he had studied, he would have passed the exam.
- If I had got a gold medal, I would have been happy.
- If the student had listened to the teacher carefully, he would have
answered the question easily.

Note: We can also use modal verbs
instead of “Would”.

- If you had caught the bus, you could have been on time.
- You could have been on time If you had caught the bus.
- If I had known you were coming, I might have bought a seafood.

Second Conditional
Form: If + Past Simple, Would + Infinitive

Usages: The Second Conditional is use for hypothetical situation and improbable result.
Example:
- If I were you, I would give up smoking.
- I would give up smoking If I were you.
- If I became rich, she would marry me.
- If I won the lottery, I would travel around the world.
- If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.

Note: We can also use modal verbs in
the “Result” instead of “Would”.

- If we were rich, we might buy a big house near the sea.
- If you gave me your ticket, I could go to the concert.

First Conditional
Form: If + Present Simple, Will + Infinitive

Usages: First Conditional we talk about future situations we believe are real or possible.
Example:
- If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
- You will pass the exam if you study hard.
- If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the park.
- If I go to bed late, I will get up so late.
- If I find a girl this year, I will marry her.
- If I have enough time, I will visit my father.
- If I go to the market, I will buy what you want.

Note: It is also use these words: when,
unless, in case instead of If.

- When I finish work, I’ll call you.
- I’ll call you when I finish work.
- Unless she leaves the house, everything will be bad.
- If she not leaves the house, everything will be bad.
- In case I’m not home, I’ll give you a key.

Additional Point:
We can also use modal verbs in the “Result”

- If I go out, I can get something to eat.
- If I have time, I may finish that text.
- If she calls you, you should go.

Zero Conditional
Form: If + Present Simple, Present Simple

Usages: Zero Conditional is used to talk about general truths, scientific facts and habit.

For Example:
- If you pour oil on water, it floats.
- It floats If you pour oil on water.
- If it rains, the ground gets wet.
- The ground gets wet If it rains.
- If you mix red and blue, you get purple.
- You get purple If you mix red and blue.
- If I am sad, I listen to music.
- When I wake up, I always drink coffee first.
- When the sun goes down, it gets dark.
- If I have drunk, I don’t drive.
- If the food is out of date, I don’t eat it.

Note:
We can use Imperative Form in “Result”

- If you get home, call me.
- Call me If you get home.
- If you go to the supermarket, please buy some foods.
- If you have a headache, talk to your doctor.
- If I’m late for dinner, start eating without me.
- If SAM calls you, don’t answer the phone.

What is the subjunctive mood?
The subjunctive mood is used for a hypothetical situation or to express a wish, a request or a suggestion.
The subjunctive mood form:
Normal Form/Present Subjunctive Mood
I am I be
You are You be
He is He be
She is She be
It is It be
You are You be
We are We be
They are They be

Normal Form/Past Subjunctive Mood
I was I were
You were You were
He was He were
She was She were
It was It were
You were You were
We were We were
They were They were

Normal Form Subjunctive Mood
I take I take
You take You take
He takes He take
She takes She take
It takes It take
You take You take
We take We take
They take They take

Example:
- I be in this class.
- If I were you, I would leave.
- I wish I were a billionaire.
- The doctor recommends that she take vitamins every day.
- She demands that he come to the party.
- I propose he work full time.
- It is crucial that she sing in the performance.

* The 12 most common verbs are used with subjunctive mood.
Advise អោយដំបូន្មាន
Recommend ផ្តល់អនុសាសន៍
Suggest ផ្តល់មតិយោបល់
Wish ប្រាថ្នា
Demand ទាមទា
Propose មានបំណង
Request ស្នើរសុំ
Prefer ចូលចិត្ត
Insist ទទូច
Ask សួរ
Command បញ្ជា
Desire ចង់

*The 8 adjectives that go with subjunctive mood.
Vital សំខាន់
Imperative សំខាន់
Essential សំខាន់/ ចាំបាច់
Important សំខាន់
Crucial សំខាន់
Urgent បន្ទាន់/សំខាន់
Necessary ចាំបាច់
Best ល្អ

**Usages:
*For a hypothetical situation:
- If I were rich, I would travel around the world.
ប្រសិនបើខ្ញុំក្លាយជាអ្នកមាន ខ្ញុំនឹងដើរជុំវិញពិភពលោក។
- If I were my own boss, I would take a fortnight holiday.
ប្រសិនបើខ្ញុំក្លាយជាចៅហ្វាយខ្លួនឯង ខ្ញុំនឹងឈប់សំរាកកន្លះខែ។
- If I were you, I would talk openly with him.
ប្រសិនបើខ្ញុំជាអ្នក ខ្ញុំនឹងនិយាយដោយបើកចំហរជាមួយគាត់។
- If I were younger, I would try to do more things.
ប្រសិនបើខ្ញុំនៅក្មេង ខ្ញុំនឹងព្យាយាមធ្វើរឿងអោយបានច្រើន។
*wish
- I wish that the worst situation end soon.
ខ្ញុំសូមប្រាថ្នាអោយស្ថានការណ៍ដែលអាក្រក់នឹងឆាប់រលាយបាត់ទៅ។
- She desires that her family have a better life.
នាងចង់អោយគ្រួសាររបស់នាងមានជីវភាពប្រសើរឡើង។
- Parents prefer that their kids eat more fruits and vegetables.
ឪពុកមា្តយគ្រប់រូបចង់អោយកូនពួកគេញ៉ាំផ្លែឈើ និងបន្លែអោយបាន
ច្រើនៗ។
*Request/demand
- I request that you subscribe to my channel.
ខ្ញុំសូមស្នើរអោយអ្នកជួយ Subscribe ប៉ុសិ៍្តរបស់ខ្ញុំផង។
- I demand that she go with me to the concert.
ខ្ញុំទាមទាអោយនាងគួរតែទៅជាមួយខ្ញុំ ដើម្បីទៅមើលការប្រគុំតន្រ្តី។
- She insists that he save money.
នាងទទូចថាគាត់គួរតែសន្សំលុយ។
- She asked that he be home by 8 o’clock.
នាងស្នើរអោយគាត់គួរតែមកផ្ទះនៅម៉ោង 8។
*suggestion/recommendation
- I suggest that he visit the doctor.
ខ្ញុំផ្តល់យោបល់ថាគាត់គួរតែទៅអោយពេទ្យពិនិត្យ។
- She proposed that the company increase production.
នាងលើកឡើងថាក្រុមហ៊ុនគួរតែបង្កើនផលិតផល។
- Officials recommend that he stay inside.
មន្ត្រីជំនាញផ្តល់យោបល់អោយគាត់គួរតែស្នាក់នៅក្នុងផ្ទះ។
- I advise that you go to bed a bit earlier, to avoid being tired.
ខ្ញុំសូមផ្តល់យោបល់ថាអ្នកគួរតែទៅគេងអោយបានលឿនបន្តិច
ដើម្បីចៀសវៀងការហត់នឿយ។

Note:
- It is crucial that he follow the direction.
វាសំខាន់ដែលគាត់គួរតែគោរពតាមទិសដៅផែនការណ៍។
- It is urgent that she be taken to the hospital.
វាពិតជាសំខាន់នាងគួរត្រូវយកទៅមន្ទីរពេទ្យ។
- It is essential that the pilot have enough rest.
វាពិតជាចាំបាច់ដែលអ្នកបើកយន្តហោះគួរតែមានពេលសំរាកគ្រប់
គ្រាន់។
- It is necessary that she be on time this morning.
វាពិតជាចាំបាច់ដែលនាងគួរតែមកអោយទាន់ពេលនៅព្រឹកនេះ។

The meanings and uses: Advise, Recommend, Suggest

Advise: The verb “advise” is the most formal of the three, is used with subjects like government official, doctor, teacher, supervisor, counselor or someone else. When they have expertise or authority.

Recommend: The verb “recommend” is less formal than “advise” and more personal is used when the speaker is giving a suggestion based on personal experiences. Friends, family and co-worker recommend to each other.

Suggest: The verb “suggest” is lest formal of the three verbs and is used to express an idea or opinion.

USES:
1. Verb + Noun Object/Phrase
- My doctor advised exercise after my heart attack.
- Can you recommend a good restaurant in town?
- The designer suggested the color white for the
sitting room.
2. Verb + Gerund
- Health experts don’t advise swimming right after
eating.
- We recommend going to the park on weekend.
- He suggested reading this book.
3. Verb + that-clause
- We advise (that) you arrive as early as possible.
- My friend recommended (that) he take a taxi home
from the party.
- I suggest (that) you not get drunk before your
exam.
Thanks for watching.

How to use the Causative Verbs: Let, Make, Have, Get, Help
1. Let= let someone do something
Means: to allow/ to permit
The doctor let his patient go home.
My friend let me drive his new car.
2. Make= make someone do something
Means: to force/ to inquire
His boss made him work until midnight.
The police made her speak the truth
3. Have= give responsibility to someone to do something
Means: to ask/ to request
My mom had my sister clean the house.
I'll have David show you to your room.
4. Get= get someone to do something
Means: to convince/ to persuade
My niece got me to pay for her dinner.
She is so much in love with me, i can get her to do anything i want.
5. Help= help someone to do something
Means: to aid/ to assist
My brother helped me (to) carry the heavy machine.
This book helped me (to) improve my English.

The several different meanings of the word GET.
GET mean:
1. Receive:ទទួល
2. Arrive/Travel: មកដល់ ទៅដល់
3. Buy: ទិញ
4. Become:​ ក្លាយជា ប្រែជា​ ទៅជា
5. Affect/Infect/Catch: ឈឺ​ កើតជំងឺ
6. Take/Catch: ជិះ​ ឡើងជិះ
7. Communicate: ទាក់ទង
8. Understand:​ យល់
1. Get = Receive
- I got 100,000$ from my brother.
- She got a beautiful necklace for
her birthday.
- Last week, I got a promotion.
2. Get + (Location) = Arrive/Travel
- How did you get to Siem Reap?
- I got there by my own car.
What time did you get home?
- I usually got home at 10 P.M.
- What time will we get there?
3. Get = Buy
- I need to get some new clothes.
- I usually get vegetables from super-market.
- Where did you get that T-shirt?
4. Get + (Adjective) = Become
- Let’s hope he gets better soon.
- It’s getting colder. Put on your jacket.
- I need to leave. I’m getting bored.
- It gets dark very early in the winter.
- In summer, it gets hot.
5. Get + (illness) = Affect/Infect/Catch
- He gots sick after drinking beer last night.
- She was worried she might get food poisoning.
- I got flu last winter and was in bed for two weeks.
6. Get = Take/Catch
- She gets the bus to work every day.
- I get the boat to Koh Rong.
- You can get train to Kompong Som.
7. Get = Communicate
- I got him by phone.
- You can get me at home if you need me.
8. Get = Understand
- I didn’t get that English grammar.
- My friend always tell jokes, I never get them, but I still laugh.
- Did you get it?