The Economic Curves

Modern classic economics has theory of value based on human labor for the capitalism, doesn't it?

Why do we think hard work is virtuous? Max Weber’s Protestant Ethic gives a sharp answer The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is neither a history of economics, nor a religious history. It borrows from both, but is stranger than either.

Central Bank Digital Currency - https://youtu.be/mzkU1RHovgQ
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2021/08/cambodias-digital-currency-ishowing-other-central-banks-the-way/

Is Cambodia's Bakong the future of digital currencies? The National Bank of Cambodia's new digital currency, Bakong, benefits both financial institutions and end users in multiple ways. Here's how it works.

Cambodia and South Korea will form a joint task force in November to crack down on transnational crimes, including online scams preying on Korean nationals, following the death of a South Korean student in Cambodia that has intensified calls for stronger law enforcement cooperation between the two countries.

Read the story: https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-and-south-korea-agree-on-joint-force-to-tackle-transnational-crimes

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... Serving a relatively small population are 60 banks. Most of them find their roots in microfinance and with strong agency banking models. Like most countries, the largest market share is held among a small select group leaving the rest with low volumes which makes them highly cost conscious when seeking vendors. It also means these banks lack key skills and experience to help them compete.

Digital wallets are booming, with 19.7 million e-wallet accounts recorded, reflecting widespread trust in digital payments...

https://www.stanchionpayments.com/cambodia-digital-payments-growth/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g8ThWahp4bM

The future of financial centers In this my keynote presentation at Finance Malta’s Annual Conference 2024, I outlined how financial centers need to navigate a multi-polar, multi-asset and n...

Cambodia's Bakong backbone payment system. Is it also digital currency and wallet, too? Well, let's find out from the lady who has been at the helm of all this!

Related Notes:
https://www.weforum.org/stories/2021/08/cambodias-digital-currency-ishowing-other-central-banks-the-way/
https://www.lfdecentralizedtrust.org/case-studies/soramitsu-case-study

Cambodia's Serey clarifies: “Bakong is not a digital currency” Chea Serey, assistant governor and director general of the National Bank of Cambodia discusses the development of the newly launched Bakong payment system, the first in the world to be

Cashew nut and pepper businesses are setting their sights on the European market, a gateway to more than 450 million consumers as experts highlight Cambodia’s growing potential to expand market access.

Read the story: https://cambodianess.com/article/cambodia-to-unlock-the-european-market-for-smallmedium-enterprises-in-cashew-pepper-industries

Chief Economists' Outlook: September 2025

Chief Economists' Outlook: September 2025 The World Economic Forum’s Sept 2025 Chief Economists’ Outlook explores the latest dynamics shaping the global economy, from growth to policy.

ខ្សែកោងដែនកំណត់ផលិតភាពផលិតកម្ម!

Production Possibility Frontier (PPF) - is one of the most fundamental and powerful concepts in economics. It captures the essence of scarcity, trade-offs, and efficiency in a single curve. 👇

⚙️ 1. What It Represents

The PPF (Production Possibility Frontier) shows all the possible combinations of two goods or services that an economy can produce when all resources are used efficiently.

On one axis, we plot consumer goods (things for immediate consumption).

On the other axis, we plot capital goods (things used to produce future goods).

⚖️ 2. The Core Idea: Scarcity and Trade-offs

Because resources are limited - labor, land, capital, and technology - a society cannot produce unlimited quantities of everything.
So, to produce more of one good, it must sacrifice some of another.
This trade-off defines the opportunity cost - what you give up to get something else.

📍 For example:

If a country invests more in education and machines (capital goods), it must temporarily produce fewer consumer goods like clothes or food.
But in the long run, this choice can make the economy grow faster.

🧭 3. The Shape of the Curve

The PPF is bowed outward (concave) because resources are not perfectly adaptable - some are better suited for producing one good than another.
This shape illustrates the Law of Increasing Opportunity Cost - as you produce more of one good, you have to give up increasingly larger amounts of the other.

🚀 4. Economic Growth

If an economy gains more resources or improves technology, the PPF shifts outward.
This means society can now produce more of both goods - a symbol of economic growth and progress.

⚠️ 5. Efficiency and Inefficiency

Points on the PPF curve → resources are used efficiently.

Points inside the curve → inefficient use of resources (like unemployment or waste).

Points outside the curve → currently unattainable with existing resources.

🧠 In Short

The PPF teaches three eternal truths of economics:

1. Resources are limited.

2. Choices have opportunity costs.

3. Growth comes from efficiency and innovation.

ADB has downgraded its growth outlook for Southeast Asia amid weaker global demand and elevated trade uncertainty. Growth in the subregion is now projected at 4.3% for 2025, and the same for 2026—down 0.4 percentage points for each year compared with ADB's April forecasts.

Read the full report. 👉 https://ow.ly/TnJg50X7ztV