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The Dongo Kundu Road Bypass Project in Mombasa, Kenya, is a significant infrastructure development aimed at improving traffic flow and connectivity between the North and South Coast regions. The project is being implemented in three phases under the broader Mombasa Port Area Road Development Project, funded primarily by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). This project, upon completion, is poised to transform the region by improving accessibility and reducing the transportation bottlenecks that have long plagued Mombasa's logistics network.

Phases and Scope:
1. Phase 1 (Completed):
o Cost: KSh 11 billion.
o Scope: Involved constructing a 10.1 km road from Miritini to Kipevu, including the construction of interchanges at Miritini and Kipevu.
2. Phase 2 (Completed):
o Cost: KSh 24.2 billion.
o Scope: The 8.9 km stretch connects Mwache Junction through Tsunza to Mteza. This phase includes the construction of several key bridges, including the Tsunza Viaduct (690m) and the Mwache Bridge (660m). The Mteza Bridge, at 1.44 km, is the longest over water in East Africa.
3. Phase 3 (Planned):
o Scope: Planned to involve the construction of a 6.9 km road linking Mteza to Kibundani, connecting the bypass with the Likoni-Lunga Lunga Road. This phase is also scheduled for completion by 2024.

Cost and Funding:
The project is estimated to cost over KSh 39 billion, with 80% funding from JICA through loans and grants, while the Kenyan government funds the remaining 20%.

Lead Contractors:
China Civil Engineering Construction Corporation (CCECC) is the main contractor for the project.

Government Agencies and Major Stakeholders:
The Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) oversees the project, with significant involvement from the Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure. Other stakeholders include local communities, environmental groups, and businesses, particularly in the tourism and logistics sectors.

Issues Raised:
• Land Compensation: Delays in land compensation around the project site, particularly in the Tsunza area, have been a significant challenge.
• Vandalism: The project has faced issues of vandalism and theft, leading to losses estimated at KSh 900 million since 2018.

Major Benefits:
The Dongo Kundu Bypass will significantly reduce traffic congestion at the Likoni Ferry, enhancing the movement of goods and people between Mombasa Island and the South Coast. It is expected to boost trade, tourism, and overall economic growth in the region by providing a faster, more efficient route for both local and international transport. In summary these are the major benefits:
• Decongestion: The bypass will provide an alternative to the Likoni Ferry, reducing traffic congestion in Mombasa.
• Economic Boost: The project is expected to open up the South Coast region, improving trade and tourism, and creating job opportunities.
• Special Economic Zone: The project is linked to the development of the Dongo Kundu Special Economic Zone, which will further enhance economic activities in the region.

PROJECT FOCUS: SASUMUA DAM REHABILITATION PROJECT
The Sasumua Dam Rehabilitation Project is a critical initiative to secure water supply for Nairobi, enhance infrastructure resilience, and support the region's socio-economic development.

Location
• County: Nyandarua County, Kenya
• Coordinates: Approximately 0°45' S, 36°30' E
• Proximity: Situated in the Aberdare Range, about 80 kilometers northwest of Nairobi

Cost: Approximately $50 million

Start Date: The rehabilitation project began in 2011.
Completion Date: The project was completed in 2013.
Status: Completed.

Scope
• Length: The dam spans 5 kilometers in circumference.
• Specific Components:
o Structural Repairs: Reinforcement of the dam structure to improve stability and safety.
o Spillway Upgrades: Enhancement of the spillway to handle increased water flow and prevent overflow.
o Intake Tower Rehabilitation: Upgrading the intake tower to ensure efficient water flow into the treatment plant.
o Pipeline Replacement: Replacement of old and corroded pipes to ensure uninterrupted water supply.
o Desilting and Dredging: Removal of accumulated silt and debris to restore the dam’s capacity.
o Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation: Measures to minimize environmental impact and support affected communities.

Agency in Charge
• Athens Water and Sewerage Company (AWSB): Greece-based agency was responsible for the planning, development, and ex*****on of the rehabilitation project.
• Kenya Ministry of Water and Sanitation: Provided oversight and support.

Major Stakeholders
• Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company (NCWSC): Main beneficiary and operator of the water supply system.
• Local Communities: Residents in the catchment area who benefit from improved water supply and infrastructure.
• Environmental Agencies: Organizations involved in ensuring environmental compliance and sustainable practices.
• Donor Agencies: International organizations and financial institutions that may have contributed to the funding.

Main Purpose
• Primary Purpose: To enhance the dam’s structural integrity and ensure a reliable and safe water supply to Nairobi and surrounding areas.
• Secondary Purpose: To increase the water storage capacity and improve the efficiency of water treatment and distribution.
Major Benefits
1. Improved Water Supply:
o Ensures a consistent and reliable water supply to Nairobi, which relies heavily on Sasumua Dam for its water needs.
o Reduces water shortages and interruptions, benefiting millions of residents and businesses.
2. Enhanced Water Quality:
o Upgraded infrastructure and modernized facilities improve the overall quality of water supplied to consumers.
3. Increased Capacity:
o Desilting and dredging activities restore the dam’s capacity, ensuring it can store sufficient water to meet demand.
4. Environmental Protection:
o Mitigation measures help protect the surrounding ecosystem and minimize negative environmental impacts.
5. Economic Benefits:
o The project creates job opportunities during the construction and operational phases, boosting the local economy.
o Reliable water supply supports industrial and commercial activities in Nairobi, contributing to economic growth.

Environmental Considerations:
The project includes measures to protect the catchment area, prevent soil erosion, and maintain the biodiversity of the region.

Community Engagement:
Stakeholder consultations and community involvement were integral parts of the project to address local concerns and ensure sustainable outcomes.

Sustainability:
The project incorporates modern technologies and best practices to ensure long-term sustainability and resilience against climate change.

Photo Courtesy
https://x.com/NairobiWater/status/601726989632929792
https://www.nairobiwater.co.ke/sasumwa/

Author Citation Reference:
Lango, B. (2024). Sasumua Dam Rehabilitation Project. Project Focus 2024. Research Gate.

About the Author
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dr. Benard Lango, PhD | Consulting Researcher
EHSSQ | Master Plans & Strategies | Projects Evaluations & Assessments
Lead NEMA EIA/EA Auditor Reg. No. 9406
KEBS Committee Member - Disaster Mgt Systems
Peer Research Paper Reviewer at Kenya National Commission for UNESCO
Adjunct Lecturer, JKUAT
Memberships: IAIA, PMI, UK-APM, EIK, & KAPM

Project Focus: LAMU – GARISSA – ISIOLO HIGHWAY ROAD PROJECT (LAPSSET CORRIDOR)
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.14263.33446

This project is part of the Lamu Port-South Sudan-Ethiopia-Transport (LAPSSET) Corridor and aims to connect Lamu port with the hinterlands and neibouring countries. This section of the LAPSSET corridor is approximated to be about 530 Kilometers of the 1500 Kilometers to built on the Corridor. The following below is the summary of the Road Project.

1. Scope of the Project:
Road Length and Type – Approximately 530 Kilometers and Dual Carriageway.

Bridges and Overpasses – The road is expected when complete to have 20 major bridges with the longest approximated at 1,200 meters.

Interchanges – There will be 5 major interchanges at Lamu, Garsen, Garissa, Modogashe and Isiolo.

Toll Stations – The road is expected to have a total of 10 toll stations strategically located along the highway.

Signages and Road Markings – The road will have over 500 traffic signs and continuous and broken lines throughout the highway.

Rest Areas – 15 rest areas and service stations have been planned.

Environmental and Social Impact Mitigation – There will be implementation of 30 environmental and social mitigation measures in this section of the corridor and this includes wildlife crossings and community support programmes.

2. Government Agency in Charge
Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA): This agency is responsible for the planning, development, and maintenance of national roads in Kenya, including the Lamu-Garissa-Isiolo Highway.

3. Major Blackspots
• Garissa: The area around Garissa has been identified as a high-risk zone due to increased traffic and frequent accidents.
• Isiolo: The intersection near Isiolo is also a known blackspot due to its strategic importance and high traffic volumes.
• Lamu: The approach to Lamu can experience traffic congestion, especially during peak seasons or construction phases.

4. Completion Status
The Lamu-Garissa-Isiolo Highway is part of a phased development, with various sections at different stages of completion. As of the latest updates, approximately 200 kilometers are operational, 150 kilometers are under construction, and the remaining sections are in the planning and design stages. The project is expected to be fully completed by 2026.

5. Major Benefits of the Road (Pros)
• Economic Growth:
 Facilitates trade and transportation of goods between Kenya, South Sudan, Ethiopia, and the rest of the region.
 Stimulates economic activities in the northeastern region of Kenya.
• Regional Integration:
 Enhances connectivity and integration within the East African region, promoting regional cooperation and economic integration.
• Job Creation:
 Generates employment opportunities during construction and operational phases.
• Improved Access:
 Provides better access to remote areas, improving mobility for local communities and access to services.
• Infrastructure Development:
 Promotes infrastructure development in less developed regions, leading to improved living standards.
• Boost to Tourism:
 Opens up tourism opportunities by improving access to key attractions and natural resources in the region.
• Reduced Transportation Costs:
 Lowers transportation costs by providing a more direct and efficient route for goods and passengers.

Other Relevant Data
• Funding and Investment: The project is funded through a mix of government resources, international loans, and private investments.
• Environmental Considerations: The project includes measures to address environmental concerns, including wildlife crossings and sustainable construction practices.

Photo Credits:
https://www.constructionkenya.com/2382/lamu-isiolo-road-construction/
https://www.skyscrapercity.com/threads/lapsset-corridor-lamu-port-transport-corridor-23billion-u-c.856442/page-119

Project Focus: Mombasa - Malindi Highway Road Project.

Detailed Scope
The project involves the dualling of a significant portion of the highway. Specifically, it includes the construction of a four-lane dual carriageway, a grade-separated junction, service roads, stormwater drains, major and minor drainage structures, access roads, and social amenities. Additionally, the project covers the 40.4 km stretch from Mtwapa to Kilifi, which includes a 7.3 km dual carriageway, service lanes, and the construction of a dual carriageway bridge. The extension also involves upgrading the existing 33.1 km section of the road.

Cost
The total cost of the Mombasa-Malindi Highway project is estimated to be approximately KES 25 billion. This investment covers all aspects of the upgrade and expansion, including construction, materials, and labor.

Road Type
The Mombasa-Malindi Highway is being upgraded to a dual carriageway to facilitate smoother traffic flow and enhance safety for all road users. The new design includes dedicated lanes for service vehicles and pedestrians.

Lead Contractor
The lead contractor for the project is China Road and Bridge Corporation (CRBC), a reputable firm with extensive experience in large-scale infrastructure projects in Kenya and other countries.

Government Agency in Charge
The Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA) is the government agency overseeing the project. KeNHA is responsible for the development, rehabilitation, and maintenance of national roads in Kenya.

Completion Status
As of the latest updates, significant progress has been made on the highway, with major sections already completed and operational. The project is nearing completion, with remaining sections expected to be finalized.

Major Benefits of the Road
The upgraded Mombasa-Malindi Highway will bring numerous benefits:
1. Improved regional connectivity, facilitating the movement of goods and people between Mombasa and Malindi.
2. Enhanced economic growth through better access to markets and reduced transportation costs.
3. Boosted tourism by providing a more reliable and efficient route to popular coastal destinations.
4. Increased safety due to better road design and infrastructure.

Major Blackspots
Despite the ongoing improvements, certain sections of the highway, particularly near urban areas like Mtwapa and Kilifi, are known for high accident rates. The project aims to address these blackspots through better road design and infrastructure, improved signage, lighting, and pedestrian crossings.

Other Relevant Details
The Mombasa-Malindi Highway is a key part of Kenya’s Vision 2030, aimed at transforming the country into a newly industrializing, middle-income nation. The project also aligns with regional integration goals, enhancing connectivity with neighboring countries and supporting the East African Community’s (EAC) infrastructure development agenda.

In conclusion, the Mombasa-Malindi Highway (B8) is a transformative infrastructure project with far-reaching benefits for Kenya’s coastal region and the nation as a whole. Through significant investment and strategic planning, this highway will enhance connectivity, stimulate economic growth, and improve road safety for all users.

The Mombasa - Nairobi Expressway Road Project - A Snippet by Dr. Benard Lango.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382620546_The_Proposed_Mombasa_-Nairobi_Expressway_Road_Project_-A_Snippet_by_Dr_Benard_Lango

Project Focus: Isiolo - Moyale Highway Road Project
Scope: Total Length: Approximately 500 kilometers.
Road Implementation Cost: Estimated Total Cost: USD 500 million

Project Sponsor:
Government of Kenya, African Development Bank (AfDB), and other international donors.

Project Manager: Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA)

Contractors:
• Main Contractor: China Communications Construction Company (CCCC)
• Subcontractors: Various local Kenyan construction firms handling specific segments and ancillary works.

Project Description:
The Isiolo - Moyale Highway Road Project involves the construction and upgrading of the highway from Isiolo to Moyale, covering a total distance of approximately 500 kilometers. This project aims to enhance regional connectivity, facilitate trade, and stimulate economic growth in Northern Kenya by improving transportation infrastructure.

Project Objectives:
• Enhance regional integration between Kenya and Ethiopia.
• Facilitate economic development by improving transportation infrastructure.
• Reduce travel time and transportation costs.
• Improve road safety and reliability.
• Enhance access to social services and markets for local communities.

Road Components:
1. Roadway:
o 100 kilometers of dual carriageways in urban and peri-urban sections.
o 400 kilometers of single carriageway in rural sections with provision for future expansion.
o Pavement and surface treatment to withstand heavy traffic loads.
2. Bridges and Culverts:
o Construction of 10 new bridges.
o Upgrading of 5 existing bridges.
o Installation of 200 culverts for effective drainage and flood control.
3. Roadside Amenities:
o Development of 5 service stations.
o Construction of 10 rest stops with basic amenities.
o Establishment of 3 emergency response facilities.
4. Safety Features:
o Installation of 300 road signs.
o Placement of 50 kilometers of guardrails.
o Construction of 30 pedestrian crossings.
o Provision of street lighting in urban areas covering 100 kilometers.
o Implementation of speed control measures in populated areas.
5. Environmental and Social Considerations:
o Landscaping and afforestation along 50 kilometers of the road.
o Noise barriers in 10 identified sensitive areas.
o Resettlement action plans for affected communities, ensuring fair compensation and support.

Major Economic Contributions:
1. Trade Enhancement:
o Facilitates efficient movement of goods between Kenya and Ethiopia, boosting bilateral trade.
o Supports export activities, particularly for agricultural products and livestock from Northern Kenya.
2. Tourism Development:
o Opens up Northern Kenya for tourism, promoting cultural and eco-tourism.
o Enhances access to national parks and heritage sites.
3. Employment Generation:
o Creates job opportunities during construction and in related sectors post-construction.
o Stimulates local economies through increased demand for services and goods.
4. Regional Development:
o Promotes balanced regional development by improving access to markets, healthcare, and education.
o Encourages investment in previously underserved areas.
Main Communities Along the Road Project:
Isiolo, Archers Post, Merille, Marsabit, Turbi, Sololo, and Moyale

Major Stakeholders:
1. Government of Kenya:
o Primary sponsor and regulatory authority.
o Oversees project compliance and funding allocation.
2. Kenya National Highways Authority (KeNHA):
o Project manager responsible for overall project ex*****on and monitoring.
3. African Development Bank (AfDB):
o Major financier providing financial support and oversight.
4. Local Communities:
o Residents and businesses along the corridor.
o Beneficiaries of improved infrastructure and economic opportunities.
5. Transport and Logistics Companies:
o Users of the improved road infrastructure for efficient transport.
6. Tourism Operators:
o Stakeholders in promoting tourism along the route.
7. Environmental Agencies:
o Ensures compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability practices.

Alternatives to the Road Project:
1. Railway Development:
o Developing a parallel railway line to facilitate heavy cargo transport, potentially reducing road traffic congestion.
2. Air Transport:
o Enhancing airstrip facilities in key towns along the route to provide quicker passenger and light cargo transport options.
3. Upgrade of Existing Roads:
o Improving and maintaining existing road networks as a cost-effective alternative to full-scale construction.
4. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP):
o Engaging private investors to develop, operate, and maintain specific road sections.

Project Timeline:
1. Planning and Design: 12 months
o Detailed engineering studies and environmental impact assessments.
o Stakeholder consultations and approval processes.
2. Construction Phase: 36 months
o Phased construction approach starting from Isiolo to Moyale.
o Concurrent development of road components and amenities.
3. Commissioning and Handover: 3 months
o Final inspections and testing.
o Official opening and handover to relevant authorities.

Project Deliverables:
• Fully constructed and operational Isiolo - Moyale Highway.
• Developed roadside amenities and safety features.
• Enhanced trade and regional connectivity.
• Improved access to social services and markets for local communities.
Risks and Mitigation:
1. Environmental Impact:
o Mitigation: Conduct comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) and implement sustainable construction practices, including reforestation and noise barriers.
2. Community Displacement:
o Mitigation: Develop and implement resettlement action plans (RAP) in consultation with affected communities, ensuring fair compensation and support.
3. Cost Overruns:
o Mitigation: Establish stringent project management and financial oversight mechanisms, including regular audits and transparent reporting.
4. Security Concerns:
o Mitigation: Collaborate with local security agencies to ensure the safety of workers, equipment, and travelers during and after construction.

About the Author
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Dr. Benard Lango, PhD | Consulting Researcher
EHSSQ | Master Plans & Strategies | Projects Evaluations & Assessments
Lead NEMA EIA/EA Auditor Reg. No. 9406
KEBS Committee Member - Disaster Mgt Systems
Peer Research Paper Reviewer at Kenya National Commission for UNESCO
Adjunct Lecturer, JKUAT
Memberships: IAIA, PMI, UK-APM, EIK, & KAPM
[email protected] www.drlangoresearch.com