27/10/2014
What is Ebola?
Ebola, formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a viral illness that is often severe and fatal in humans.
Ebola has a mortality rate of 90%.
How is Ebola spread?
Animal-to-Human
Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus. In Africa, the virus is introduced into the human population through close contact with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected animals, usually infected chimpanzees, gorillas, fruit bats, monkeys, forest antelope and porcupines found ill or dead or in the rainforest.
Human-to-Human
Ebola then spreads in the community through human-to-human transmission, with infection resulting from direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids. The virus can also be transmitted from deceased Ebola patients to mourners who have direct contact with the body during burial ceremonies. Men who have recovered from the disease can still transmit the virus through their semen for up to 7 weeks after recovery from illness.
Symptoms
Initial symptoms of Ebola include:
• Sudden fever
• Intense weakness
• muscle pain
• Headache
• Sore throat
This is followed by:
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea
• Rash
• Impaired kidney and liver function
• Internal and external bleeding
Persons should bear in mind that even after someone has commenced treatment for the virus or has ceased to experience these symptoms, they can still transmit the virus. People are infectious as long as their blood and secretions, including semen, contain the virus. Ebola has an incubation period, i.e. Time between infection and symptoms, of two to 21 days.
Prevention
Here are some steps that can be taken if there is an Ebola alert in your area:
• Close physical contact with Ebola patients should be avoided.
• Gloves and appropriate personal protective equipment should be worn when taking care of ill patients at home.
• Regular hand washing is required after visiting patients in hospital, as well as after taking care of patients at home.
• People who have died from Ebola should be promptly and safely buried.
Jamaica Information Service. (2014). Be on the alert: Ebola information. Retrieved from http://jis.gov.jm/features/alert-ebola-information/
Ebola, formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a viral illness that is often severe and fatal in humans.