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EgyptologyLessons, Via Accademia delle Scienze 6, Torino (2026)

24/09/2026

The Apis Bull Identification

🔹In ancient Egyptian religion, Apis 𓐑𓊪𓏲𓃒 “ḥpw” was a sacred bull identified as the son of Hathor, a primary deity in the pantheon of ancient Egypt. Initially, he was assigned a significant role in her worship, being sacrificed and reborn. In the Late period, the Apis also served as an intermediary between humans and other powerful deities (originally Ptah, later Osiris, then Atum).

🔹By the New Kingdom period, the remains of the sacred bulls were interred at the cemetery of Saqqara. The earliest known burial in Saqqara was performed in the reign of Amenhotep III by his son Crown Prince Thutmose; afterward, seven more bulls were buried nearby. Ramesses II initiated Apis burials in what now is known as the Serapeum, an underground complex of burial chambers at Saqqara for the sacred bulls, a site used throughout the rest of Ancient Egyptian history into the reign of Cleopatra.

🔶The mother of the Apis bull was honored as a form of the goddess Isis, who was associated with the mother of the king. The mother of the Apis bull was also buried with great ceremony in her own sanctuary.

Apis Bull Statuette
Period: Late Period
Dynasty: Dynasty 26–30
Date: 664–343 BC
Medium: Elephant ivory
Dimensions: L. 9.2 × W. 4 × D. 6.9 cm
(3 5/8 × 1 9/16 × 2 11/16 in.)
Object Number: 17.190.62
Location: The Metropolitan Museum of Art

📸 4. Stele dedicated by the doorman of Horudja temple to a the Apis Bull, dating to Year 21 of Psamtik I (c. 644 BCE), Louvre Museum (IM 3009. N 5417).
📸 7. the Serapeum (Saqqara, Egypt)

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

21/09/2026

The Breaker of Bone - A Negative Confession

🔹The Bone Breaker is a minor god vaguely attested and mostly confined to funerary texts. We can confirm his crocodile origin, due to the hieroglyphic determinative displayed on the papyrus. He is hailed as the breaker of bones, a title evoking the crushing force of his jaws. He comes from the city of Heracleopolis Magna (nn nswt
‘Child of the King’), the capital city of the 20th Nome of Upper Egypt. The earliest reference is on the Palermo Stone from the reign of king Den of the first dynasty
(2970 ВС).

🔹Within the Nile and by the temple, boats drift with merchants and fishermen. Yet on the shore, a gaunt thief unveils his stolen fruit. From the sacred waters erupts a jewel-adorned crocodile, the Bone Breaker, with destiny’s jaws closing upon the unsuspecting sinner.

From My Book “The 42 Negative Confessions” on Amazon (Softcover and e-Book): Link in the Bio
Artwork by 🍀 Sanio Digital Art 🍀
Editor Wendy | Ancient History

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

18/09/2026

Ancient Egyptian Haiku Poetry

🔹The Memphite creation myth is preserved on a single document known as the Shabaka Stone, where by Ptah was responsible for the creation of all the gods and the establishment of their worship throughout Egypt - “As to the tongue, it repeats what the heart has devised. Thus all the gods were born and his Ennead was completed.”

🔹A haiku is a traditional form of short, unrhymed Japanese poetry that consists of just three lines. It is celebrated for its ability to capture fleeting moments in nature or human experience through vivid, simple imagery. The poetic form is deeply rooted in brevity and conciseness. Traditionally in English, a haiku follows a specific, strict syllable count of 5-7-5. Line 1: 5 syllables, Line 2: 7 syllables, Line 3: 5 syllables.

🔹My version of the Ancient Egyptian haiku combines the Japanese haiku style with Ancient Egyptian Hieratic script and, most importantly, capturing fleeting moments in ancient Egyptian life and mythology. My ultimate goal is to create an ancient Egyptian haiku book containing 42 poems reflecting the ‘42 Negative Confessions’ of my previous book.

“Ptah sees nothing
His tongue moves with spoken words
Behold, he created.”

Concept Art EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦
AI generated image - Grok

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

13/09/2026

My Replica of the Dispute of a Man with his Ba

The didactic tale “Dialogue of a Man With His Soul,” also referred to as “A Debate Between a Man Tired of Life and His Soul” or “A Dispute over Suicide,” is believed to have been composed sometime during the 12th Dynasty (1937–1759 B.C.) of the Middle Kingdom in Egypt.

The only copy of the papyrus scroll that survived is incomplete: the beginning of the text is missing and numerous lacunae make this text very difficult to translate, inviting sharp differences in interpretation.

In often obscure language, the Dialogue portrays an argument between a man and his ba; the beginning of the manuscript is lost, and the remaining portion of the dialogue opens with the man answering his soul. Plagued by misfortune, the man seems to contemplate su***de by fire. His ba, or soul, an essential element that would permeate the reanimation of the man’s living existence (akh) in another world through uniting with ka (“second self”) after the death of the physical body (khat), tries to dissuade the man.

Description:

Material: Ink on Papyrus Paper
Dimensions: 36” x 35” (91.5 cm x 89 cm)
Scripts: Hieratic Text (cursive form of hieroglyphs)
Description site: https://ethicsofsu***de.lib.utah.edu/selections/egyptian-didactic-tale/
Translation: https://www.scribd.com/doc/49683818/Dispute-Between-a-Man-and-His-Ba-Transcribed

For Sale on my Etsy Page: https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/4574070099/the-dispute-of-a-man-with-his-ba-ancient?ref=share_ios_native_control

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

08/09/2026

Palermo Stone Translation and Transliteration (Recto & Verso)

🔹The Palermo Stone is one of seven surviving fragments of a stele known as the Royal Annals of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt. The stele contained a list of the kings of Egypt from the First Dynasty (c. 3150–2890 BCE) through to the early part of the Fifth Dynasty (c. 2498–2345 BCE) and noted significant events in each year of their reigns.

🔹It was probably made during the Fifth Dynasty. The primary Palermo stone is held in the Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas in the city of Palermo, Italy, from which it derives its name. The other 6 sections are located in Cairo, Egypt (5), and London, England (1).

Credits and Further Reading:
1. https://www.scribd.com/document/249245870/Palermo-Stone
2. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356658465_The_Palermo_Stone_and_Its_Associated_Fragments_New_Discoveries_on_the_Oldest_Royal_Annals_of_Ancient_Egypt
3. https://pharaoh.se/ancient-egypt/pharaohs

Description:
Dimensions: 43.5 cm high x 25 cm wide x 6.5 cm thick
Material: Black Basalt
Location: the Regional Archeological Museum Antonio Salinas in the city of Palermo, Italy

🔸Feel Free to reuse the pictures in your posts, but please make sure to tag me and provide credit for the free hard work. Enjoy! (Follow, Like, Comment, Repost, Share, and Bookmark).

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

transla

01/09/2026

Lower part of seated statue of King Menkaura (Mycerinus)

🔹This is the lower part of a colossal statue of King Menkaura that once stood in the offering hall of his valley temple — the monumental entrance to his pyramid complex. All that remains of Menkaura’s figure are his legs and part of his pleated kilt. But what matters here is the throne, its sides exquisitely carved in sunk relief.

🔹On each, two falcons, their wings meeting in the center, hover over the king’s names. Below appears the ancient Egyptian “coat of arms”: the gods tie the lily of Upper Egypt (the south) and the papyrus of Lower Egypt (the north) around the hieroglyph “sema” for ‘unite’ meaning “Uniting the Two Lands.” Thus, symbolically all Egypt is united under the king’s rule. A simpler version of the motif, without the deities, appears on the back.

Location: Egypt (Giza, Menkaura Valley Temple)
Date: Old Kingdom, Dynasty 4, Reign of Menkaura, (2490-2472 BC)
Medium: Travertine (Egyptian alabaster)
Dimensions: Overall Lower half of figure and seated throne): 110.5 x 53.3 x 124.5 cm, 793.79 kg (43 1/2 x 21 x 49 in., 1750 lb.)
Catalogue no: 09.202

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

29/08/2026

My Seal of Office Sterling Silver Gold Plated Replica

Djedkare Isesi (known in Greek as Tancheres) was a pharaoh, the eighth and penultimate ruler of the Fifth Dynasty of Egypt in the late 25th century to mid-24th century BC, during the Old Kingdom. Djedkare succeeded Menkauhor Kaiu and was in turn succeeded by Unas. His relationship to both of these pharaohs remain uncertain, although it is often conjectured that Unas was Djedkare’s son, owing to the smooth transition between the two pharaohs.

Description of the Original (📸 2):

Date: Old Kingdom, Dynasty 5, Reign of Djedkara Isesi (2381-2353 BC) Reportedly found in northwestern Anatolia
Medium: Gold
Provenance: Centennial Gift of Landon T. Clay, 1968
Catalogue no. 68.115

Description of the Replica:

Dimensions: 1.5 cm x 4cm
Material: Sterling silver (925) gold plating

For Sale in my Etsy Store: https://www.etsy.com/ca/listing/4560976100/seal-of-office-relica-sterling-silver?ref=share_ios_native_control

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

26/08/2026

Statue of Kush*te King Senkamanisken
𓅭𓇳 (𓊃𓈖𓎡𓃒𓇋𓏠𓈖𓊃𓎡𓈖) “sA-ra s-n-ka-imn-s-k-n”

🔹At first glance, this statue looks similar to others in this gallery. In fact, it was created almost 2,000 years later than the Giza pyramids and stood in a temple nearly 1,000 miles to the south at Napata, in present day Sudan.

🔹Napata, now Gebel Barkal, was the religious and political capital of the kingdom of Kush, known by scholars today as Nubia. This statue portrays King Senkamanisken, a prolific builder at Gebel Barkal. Senkamanisken’s pose and muscular physique reflect the Nubian rulers’ familiarity with Egyptian art.

🔹Senkamanisken’s garments and accessories identify him as a ruler. Specifically, look for the cap-crown with double uraeus cobras, and a necklace adorned with ram heads representing Amun, the god most closely associated with Nubian kings. The kilt, headdress, jewelry, and sandals, which now appear rough and unpolished, were originally covered with gold leaf.

Location: Sudan (Gebel Barkal - B 500 Trench A;
B 800 room 904), Napatan (Nubian)
Period: Reisgn of Senkamanisken, (643-623 BC)
Dimensions: Height x width: 147.8 x 50.1 cm
(58 3/16 x 19 3/4 in.)
Weight: 272 kg or 600 lbs
Medium: Granite gneiss
Catalogue no: 23.731
📸 12-13: Ushabtis of the Pharaoh Senkamanisken

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

21/08/2026

The Graffiti of Pharaoh Khufu and the Gangs of Workers

🔹In 1832 Howard Vyse, armed with gunpowder
and a rather liberal permission to explore the Giza Pyramids, confirmed his suspicions of more chambers higher up, in the Great Pyramid, when he blasted a vertical passage that breached four more chambers. The chambers were separated one from another by huge granite beams, weighing up to 40 or 50 tons.

🔹The pharaoh (Khufu) and builders’ graffiti on the masonry of the five chambers in the King’s Chamber (in Great Pyramid), are each only about three feet high, stacked one ‭ ‬over the other, the whole series ‭ ‬above the ‭ ‬granite pyramid. These rectilinear spaces, about the same floor dimensions as the King’s Chamber, were never meant to be seen, although builders left a crawl space.

🔹Looking at the record that Howard Vyse‭ and his collaborator, J. S.‬ Perring‭ made of the masons’ graffiti, Ann Roth noted that ten blocks‬ on the northern side of the combined construction bore graffiti of gang‭ names compounded with the ‭𓆥 “nsw.t bity” or throne ‬name of the king, Khnum-‬Khufu (“The God Khnum Protects”), while seven blocks on the southern walls bear gang names compounded with the king’s Horus name.

Source:
1. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303875906_Labor_and_the_Pyramids_The_Heit_el-Ghurab_Workers_Town_at_Giza
2. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.80207

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

18/08/2026

Head of King Tutankhamun

🔹Howard Carter’s discovery in 1922 of the virtually intact tomb of Tutankhamen (“King Tut) in the Valley of the Kings made this previously obscure ruler of the late 18th Dynasty a household name. Although this statue head is not from the tomb, so familiar is the face of the “boy king” that one immediately recognizes his sculpted portrait, even if (as here) it lacks an archaeological context and an identifying inscription. Originally, the king’s face was painted red with the eyes outlined in black; the headdress was striped alternately blue and yellow, same as the famous gold mask found in the king’s tomb.

🔸Tutankhamun (𓇋𓏠𓈖𓏏𓅱𓏏𓋹𓋾𓉺𓇑) “twt-ˁnḫ-ı͗mn~hq3-ı͗wnw-šm3ı͗” ‘The Living Image of Amun, Ruler of Southern Iwnw (Heliopolis)’

Period: New Kingdom, Dynasty 18, Reign of Tutankhamun (1336-1327 BC)
Dimensions: Height x width: 29.6 x 26.5 cm
(11 5/8 x 10 7/16 in.)
Medium: Sandstone
Catalogue no. 11.1533

𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬𓋹𓎬
👉EgyptologyLessons 𓏟𓀁🇨🇦 𓋹𓊽𓋴𓆖𓎛𓇳𓎛𓏇𓇳𓏤
_______________ˁnḫ ḏd s ḏ.t nḥḥ mı͗ rˁ
‘Life, Stability, and Health Forever and
Eternity like Ra’
𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁𓊁

EgyptologyLessons

24/09/2026

21/09/2026

18/09/2026

13/09/2026

08/09/2026

01/09/2026

29/08/2026

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