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29/06/2024

In adaptive signal processing, we were introduced to 2 statistical terms: average and expected value, we assumed that both of them are the same, but are they?

back to the statistical definition, the expected value is the more general term and the average is the specific term for a case.

the expected value deals with data with different probabilities, on the other hand, the average assumes that the data collected have the same probability.

the specific case is that assuming the probability of all the signals we try to process are equal at that assumption only the average and the expected value could have the same value (depending on how much data "in time" the observer is trying to collect "need to be to infinity time")



02/06/2024

بعد ظهور chatGPT و انبهار العالم، و ظهور الاصدار الرابع و الصدمة اصبحت اكبر بسبب قدراته و انتظار الاصدار الخامس، ومفاجاة الاصدار 4o الي هو omni و الصدمة لا تزال كبيرة بسبب القدرات الي قدمهة، و نبقى ننتظر الاصدار الخامس

هل نحن على عتبة ادخال فعل جديد على اللغة الانكليزية على غرار ما فعلته Google

ChatGPT it
GPT it

و كما يقول الانگليز

29/04/2024

In this post, I will share the last part of sharing a mobile telecommunication network.

Sharing the core network (MSC, HLR, SGSN, GGSN ... etc), in this case, the operator who rents all network entities from another operator (mostly) named virtual operator.
the virtual operator needs only to design the services and their tariffs and to sell their SIM (physical and eSIM) as well as their prepaid cards or subscriptions (physical prepaid or based on credit card payment).
while the real operator needs to dimension their network entities (configuration and capacity) to handle all this traffic and signaling.

advantages to the virtual operator are no network entities to install no alarms to deal with and no huge number of employees needed.

advantages for the real operator, better utilizing for their hardware specifications since all the extra free capacity can be utilized for the virtual operator's traffic and more income due to the lease.

the disadvantages for the virtual operator are the same weak spots as the real operator since the virtual operator can not control the coverage, and any outage that the real operator suffers is the same outage for the virtual operator

the disadvantage for the real operator needs more employees to handle that extra traffic and subscribers on their network entities.

22/04/2024

In this post, I will write about sharing the Radio Access Network (RAN).

operator (b) can share the antenna installed on the site by the operator (a) by bringing all the site hardware to the location up until the radio units (which are responsible for the modulation and demodulation mainly) and connect them to the antennas of the operator (a), and start to broadcast there signal to the area.

moreover, operator (b) may think that if the Radio unit of operator (a) is designed to cover all the frequency range, why shouldn't I (operator b) share even the radio units?

The last thing that operator (b) thinks about is that they can share all the site (location and hardware) and operator (b) can just connect the service to the site and there it is my signals on-air.

So, due to that flexibility, 2 or more operators can share 1 site location with all its functionality, but at what risk?

- if the site of the operator (a) fails for any reason that results in all sharing operators' services will stop.

- The hardware limitations should be considered while operator (a) is approving other operators to share a site, the limitations will be for example

- Antenna frequency ranges supported

- Site components limitations of handling traffic of all operators and these limitations will be hardware and software.

Photos from Tech To Take's post 20/04/2024

resharing this post to start a series of posts about what part(s) from the hardware of a mobile network can be shared among operators?
this post is about sharing the site structure only.

06/04/2024

One of the very first tasks for a radio network optimization engineer is the test, but what kind of test that engineer should perform? Below are some test scenarios based on the speed of movability:

- Walk test: the engineer holds a laptop (not always need a laptop) and a mobile device (UE User Equipment) connected to, and walks around the area to check the strength and quality of the coverage there and/or the QoS of the provided services
The walk test is performed to address issues for indoor scenarios.

- Drive Test: the engineer holds the equipment and goes driving on the street to check network performance and service delivered quality in a neighborhood, city, rural area, and/or highway.
The drive test is performed to check a problematic area or new districts to be covered by cellular service.

- Flight test?? This type of test will be addressed in my Master's thesis.

Photos from Tech To Take's post 06/04/2024

One of the very first tasks for a radio network optimization engineer is the test, but what kind of test that engineer should perform? Below are some test scenarios based on the speed of movability:

- Walk test: the engineer holds a laptop (not always need a laptop) and a mobile device (UE User Equipment) connected to, and walks around the area to check the strength and quality of the coverage there and/or the QoS of the provided services
The walk test is performed to address issues for indoor scenarios.

- Drive Test: the engineer holds the equipment and goes driving on the street to check network performance and service delivered quality in a neighborhood, city, rural area, and/or highway.
The drive test is performed to check a problematic area or new districts to be covered by cellular service.

- Flight test?? This type of test will be addressed in my Master's thesis

Photos from Tech To Take's post 14/03/2024

اخوان مرحبا عليكم

الحمد لله صارت فرصة و اشتغلت على الطابعة الثلاثية الابعاد.

العمل كان ابدا مو سهل خصوصا انه كقسم الكهرباء نادر جدا ما يشتغل طلاب القسم على الطابعة و لذلك تقريبا بدأت من الصفر (و لله الحمد لانه تعلمت شيء جديد).

من خلال الصور المرفقة تلاحظون مدى سوء البداية و لكن و لله الحمد النهاية كانت ممتازة، للوصول من البداية للنهاية استغرق الامر 3 ايام و كل يوم تقريبا 6 ساعات عمل على الاقل.

العمل متعب و شد اعصاب و رمضان و لكن النتيجة بالنهاية كانت مبهرة و الحمد لله نسيت كل التعب.

Photos from Tech To Take's post 13/03/2024

رمضان كريم

الصورة المرفقة بالمنشور هي صورة لبرج اتصالات و لكن كما هو واضح شكل البرج غير شائع و لا متعارف عليه.

صح، و هذه النوعية من الابراج تسمى المموهة Camouflaged site، يعني انه مشرع القانون او صاحب الارض يطلب انه يكون البرج على هيئة او شكل معين حتى لا يخرب المنظر العام للمنطقة، بالمناسبة هذا الديكور او التمويه يجب ان يكون من مواد خاصة (عادة غير موصلة للكهرباء) حتى لا تؤثر على التغطية و قوتها بشكل ملحوظ.

و من هذا المنطلق نسمع الكثير من الذين يسافرون خارج العراق مثلا و هي من اكثر الجمل الي نسمعهة ما نعرف كيف مغطين المدينة بالشبكة مع انه ما شفنا اي برج اتصالات؟

الابراج موجودة و لكن مموهة بشكل يحافظ على المنظر العام او على اقل تقدير ما تشوف البرج المتعارف عليه شكلا.

Photos from Tech To Take's post 29/02/2024

the picture you see in this post, it is obvious that more than 1 antenna is directed toward the same direction, but what does that mean?

this type of site or tower is called a "shared site" which means multiple operators install their equipment in the same location and benefit from the division of expenses on them; resulting in fewer towers installed nationwide, but that doesn't mean all the sites could be shared since this decision is based on many points (for example do this location is important to X operator or not?), by the way sharing can be expanded to include some equipments on that site (like antennas)

however, for any reason (for example fire) all those operators will lose their signal in that area.

Photos from Tech To Take's post 29/02/2024

اخوان مرحبا عليكم

البرج الي موجود بالصور تلاحظون انه اكثر من هوائي بنفس الاتجاه, هذا ما يسمى بالبرج المشترك shared site، يعني اكثر من مجهز خدمة يشتركون بموقع واحد و ينصبون اجهزتهم على هذا البرج و بالتالي التكلفة (البرج و ايجار الارضية) تتقسم على الكل.

لكن هل من الممكن تعميم هذا الشي على كل الابراج؟
الجواب طبعا لا لان المناطق المستهدفة و الي يمتلك بها المجهز الاول عدد مستخدمين عالي قد تكون غير مهمة للمشغل الثاني يعني يعتمد على كذا عامل، و لكن ممكن مشاركة الابراج على نطاق واسع و بالتالي تقليل عدد الابراج في البلد الواحد.

للاضافة ليس فقط البرج ممكن مشاركته و انما ممكن تشارك بعض المكونات مثل الهوائيات و بذلك ممكن واضح للعين كانه برج لمشغل واحد فقط و لكن بالحقيقة عند قاعدة البرج ممكن تكون الاجهزة لاكثر من مشغل
و هل هناك مخاطر؟
نعم، لاي سبب (مثلا الحريق) ستنقطع الخدمة من كل المجهزين المشاركين في هذا البرج

Photos from Tech To Take's post 23/01/2024

اتكلمنا في منشور سابق عن الConvolution و شنو هو
في هذا المنشور ان شاء الله نتكلم عن انه الconvolution في نطاق معين يقابله عملية ضرب في نطاق اخر لذلك و في المرشحات Filters يتجهون نحو z domain طيب السؤال هنا هم لماذا الz domain لماذا مو التردد و فورير او لابلاس؟
اولا نقارن الz domain مع Frequency domain
الz domain هو اشمل و عام اكثر من نطاق التردد Frequency domain و فورير و ذلك لانه بال z domain ممكن نتاكد من استقرارية stability الفلتر عند اختلاف بعض المتغيرات، اما في نطاق التردد frequency domain فالمصمم افترض اصلا انه النظام مستقرstable ، اذا نطاق التردد و فورير هي حالة خاصة من الz domain وهو عندما z=1 اي يكون على دائرة الوحدة Circle of unity الصورة مع الدائرة الزرقاء الفورير فقط على الدائرة الزرقاء.
ثانيا نطاق لابلاس Laplace domain
النطاق الاخر هو نطاق لابلاس و تحويل لابلاس ايضا لابلاس صار عليه بعض التعديلات و نتج عن هاي التعديلات ال z domain حتى عند تصميم فلتر معين بطريقة ال Bi Linear تصل لمرحلة التحويل من لابلاس الى z domain او z parameter ، فاستخدام ال z domain اصبح اسهل و اكثر وضوحا لرؤية الفلتر و النظام، الصورة الي توضح تحويل جانب من لابلاس الى z domain

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