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Indus Water Treaty
It was signed in 1960 between India and Pakistan with World Bank mediation, allocating waters of the Indus River system to resolve post-partition disputes.
India controls the Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) for unrestricted use.
Pakistan manages the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab), allocated 80%, with India permitted limited irrigation and unlimited non-consumptive uses like hydropower.
India has suspended the IWT in the aftermath of the Pahalgam terror attack in April 2025.

Prelims | Modern History (Source: The Indian Express)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/indus-water-treaty-2/

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Mother’s Day – May 10

Mother’s Day is celebrated to honor mothers and mother figures for their love, sacrifices, care, and lifelong support in shaping families and society.

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In 2026, Mother’s Day is observed on Sunday, May 10 in India, the United States, Canada, Australia, and many other countries.

The modern celebration of Mother’s Day is widely associated with Anna Jarvis, who campaigned for an official day to honor mothers. In 1914, it was officially recognized in the United States.

Anna Jarvis specifically wanted the word “Mother’s” to remain singular, emphasizing that every family should personally honor its own mother.

The day is commonly celebrated through flowers, greeting cards, gifts, family gatherings, special meals, and heartfelt messages of appreciation.

Carnations are traditionally associated with Mother’s Day, symbolizing love, gratitude, and remembrance.

Beyond celebrations, the day serves as a reminder of the emotional strength, care, and sacrifices made by mothers in everyday life.

Mother’s Day is not just about gifts. It is about acknowledging the role of mothers as the emotional foundation of families and society.

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Daily Current Affairs Update!

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International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) - It is a global initiative for the conservation of the world’s seven big cats: Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Puma (Cougar/Mountain Lion), Jaguar, and Cheetah. Launched on the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger by India. Headquarters in New Delhi. Objectives
Promote conservation & protection of big cats and their habitats.
Strengthen global collaboration, research, and knowledge sharing.
Ensure sustainable practices in big cat range countries.
Mobilise financial & technical support for conservation projects.
Build capacity in law enforcement to tackle wildlife crime & poaching.

Prelims | Environment (Source: The Hindu)
Link https://enlitecafe.com/international-big-cat-alliance-ibca-3/

India Semiconductor Mission (ISM) - It was launched in 2021 with aim to provide financial support for investments in semiconductor fabrication, display manufacturing & chip design strengthening India's integration into global electronics value chains. Under Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology.

Prelims | Current Events of National Importance (Source: The Hindu)
Link https://enlitecafe.com/india-semiconductor-mission-ism-2/

White Bellied Heron - The White-bellied Heron , also known as the imperial heron or great white-bellied heron, is a large species of heron.
Habitat: Strictly dependent on free-flowing, fast-flowing eastern Himalayan riverine habitats with low human disturbance.
Distribution: Distributed Himalayan freshwater ecosystems spanning Bhutan, India, Myanmar, China, and Bangladesh.
Major Threats: Hydropower dams (habitat fragmentation, altered river flows), habitat loss, hunting, and anthropogenic disturbances.
Conservation Status
IUCN Status: Critically Endangered
Wildlife Protection Act, 1972: Schedule-I

Prelims | Environment (Source: The Indian Express)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/white-bellied-heron/

European Union (EU)
The European Union was established in 1993 and is a global entity comprising 27 nations from Europe.
Following the Maastricht Treaty, also known as the Treaty of the European Union (TEU), the EU came into force.
28 nations ratified the treaty, and it entered into force in 1992. Recently, Britain exited the treaty.
It is an economic and political bloc of 27 countries, 19 of which use the EURO as their official currency.
The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardized system of laws that apply in all member states in matters where members have agreed to act as one.

Prelims | Current Events of International Importance (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/european-union/

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Birth Anniversary of Gopal Krishna Gokhale – May 9

Gopal Krishna Gokhale was one of the most respected moderate leaders of India’s freedom movement, known for his commitment to constitutional reforms, education, and social progress.

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He was born on 9 May 1866 in Kotluk village of Ratnagiri district in present-day Maharashtra.

Gokhale played a major role in the Indian National Congress and strongly believed that India could achieve self-rule through dialogue, reforms, and democratic methods rather than violent resistance.

He founded the Servants of India Society in 1905 to promote education, public service, and social upliftment among Indians.

Gokhale was also a member of the Imperial Legislative Council, where he raised issues related to taxation, poverty, education, and administrative reforms.

He is widely remembered as the political mentor of Mahatma Gandhi, who regarded him as one of his greatest guides.

Because of his intellectual brilliance and liberal political vision, Gokhale was often called the “Gladstone of India.”

His ideas on democracy, public service, and ethical politics continue to remain relevant in modern India.

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World Migratory Bird Day – May 9

World Migratory Bird Day (WMBD) is a global awareness campaign observed to highlight the importance of protecting migratory birds and their habitats across international borders.

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It is celebrated twice every year, on the second Saturdays of May and October, to align with migration seasons in different parts of the world.

In 2026, World Migratory Bird Day is observed on 9 May and 10 October.

The 2026 theme focuses on community science (citizen science), encouraging people to observe, record, and share bird migration data to support research and conservation.

Migratory birds travel thousands of kilometers across continents and oceans, depending on healthy ecosystems such as wetlands, forests, grasslands, and coastal regions.

However, habitat destruction, climate change, pollution, illegal hunting, and urbanization are threatening bird populations worldwide.

According to BirdLife International, nearly 40% of bird species are currently in decline, making conservation efforts increasingly urgent.

The campaign is organized by international bodies including the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS), AEWA, and Environment for the Americas (EFTA).

Activities include bird counts, awareness drives, educational programs, nature walks, and conservation campaigns.

The Spoon-billed Sandpiper is highlighted as an ambassador species for the 2026 campaign.

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Daily Current Affairs Update!

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Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP)
Fair and remunerative price (FRP) is the minimum price at which sugarcane is to be purchased by sugar mills from farmers.
The FRP is fixed by the Union government (Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA)) on the basis of the recommendations of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
The ‘FRP’ of sugarcane is determined under the Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966.
Recommended FRP is arrived at by taking into account various factors (cost of production, demand-supply situation, domestic & international prices, inter-crop price parity, etc.).

Prelims | Economy (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/fair-and-remunerative-price-frp/

Teesta River
It is a trans-Himalayan River flowing through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal, and Rangpur in Bangladesh.
Originates as Chhombo Chhu from a glacial lake Khangchung Chho in Sikkim.
It is a right bank tributary of the Brahmaputra River (Jamuna in Bangladesh).
It has a total length of about 309 kilometres.
The main tributary is the Rangeeta River.

Prelims | Geography (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/teesta-river/

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Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti – May 7

Rabindranath Tagore Jayanti, also known as Rabindra Jayanti, marks the birth anniversary of Rabindranath Tagore, one of India’s greatest poets, philosophers, composers, and thinkers.

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Rabindranath Tagore was born on 7 May 1861 in Kolkata (then Calcutta) and became the first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913 for his work Gitanjali.

He is widely known as “Gurudev”, “Kabiguru”, and “Biswakabi” for his immense contribution to literature, music, art, and education.

Tagore also wrote the national anthems of both India (Jana Gana Mana) and Bangladesh (Amar Sonar Bangla), making him a unique cultural figure in world history.

The day is celebrated with Rabindra Sangeet performances, poetry recitations, cultural programs, dance dramas, and discussions on his literary and philosophical works.

Major celebrations take place at Jorasanko Thakur Bari in Kolkata and Visva-Bharati University in Santiniketan, institutions deeply connected to his life and vision.

Tagore’s works focused on humanism, nationalism, education, nature, and universal brotherhood, leaving a lasting impact on Indian culture and global literature.

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Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
The UN General Assembly approved it on 12th June, 1968, and came into force on 5th March, 1970.
Objectives
Prevent the spread of nuclear weapons.
Promote peaceful use of nuclear technology.
Encourage nuclear disarmament.
Members
Recognised nuclear power states as per the treaty are the US, UK, Russia (USSR), France, China — those that tested nuclear weapons before Jan 1, 1967, and the treaty has 191 countries.
India’s Stand
India (along with Pakistan, Israel, North Korea, and South Sudan) is not a member

Prelims | Current Events of International Importance (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/current-affairs-date/?date=2026-05-05

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Daily Current Affairs Update!

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Kalapani-Limpiyadhura-Lipulekh Trijunction (Kalapani Region)
This is a 35-square-kilometre area located in the northwestern part of Nepal, near the tri-junction where India, Nepal, and China meet.
Kalapani is a valley that is administered by India as a part of the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand. It is situated on the Kailash Mansarovar route.
The Kali River in the Kalapani region demarcates the border between India and Nepal based on Treaty of Sugauli (1816).

Prelims | Geography (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/kalapani-limpiyadhura-lipulekh-trijunction-kalapani-region/

CARICOM - It is an organization of Caribbean countries and dependencies originally established as the Caribbean Community and Commons Market in 1973 by the Treaty of Chaguaramas. Its headquarters is located at Georgetown, Guyana. Objectives
Promote economic integration and cooperation among its members;
To ensure that the benefits of integration are equitably shared;
To coordinate foreign policy;

Prelims | Current Events of International Importance (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/caricom/

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Dust Storms - Dust storms are meteorological events where extremely high winds lift up dust and soil from the ground and transport them over long distances. These kinds of dust storms are quite common in arid and semi-arid regions. Major causes are
Natural Causes: Droughts, arid conditions, low vegetation, and strong pressure gradients.
Human-Induced Factors: Overgrazing, deforestation, unsustainable farming, and land degradation.

Prelims | Geography (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/dust-storms/

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) - ART is the treatment of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using anti-HIV drugs. Objectives are
Suppress HIV replication so that the virus remains at very low or “undetectable” levels in the blood.
Prevent opportunistic infections, reduce AIDS‑related morbidity and mortality, and lower the risk of transmission to others

Prelims | Science and Technology (Source: The Hindu)
Link: https://enlitecafe.com/antiretroviral-therapy-art/

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