Gautam Chemistry Classes

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बाकी सब गूगल पर है..!

दूसरों से ज्ञान सीखकर
शिक्षा दी है।
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भिक्षा दी है।

- दिनकर

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🔰INORGANIC IN SHOTS🔰

✌️Increasing or Decreasing Order

01. Melting point=
Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs

02. Colour of the flame=
Li-Red, Na-Golden, K-Violet, Rb-Red, Cs-Blue, Ca-Brick red, Sr-Blood red, Ba-Apple green

03. Stability of hydrides =
LiH > NaH > KH > RbH> CsH

04. Basic nature of hydroxides=
LIOH < NaOH < KOH < RbOH < CsOH

05. Hydration energy=
Li> Na > K> Rb > Cs

06.) Reducing character=
Li > Cs > Rb > K > Na

07. Stability of +3 oxidation state=
B> Al > Ga > In > T1

08. Stability of +1 oxidation state= Ga < In < TI

09. Basic nature of the oxides and hydroxides=
B< Al< Ga < In < TI

10. Relative strength of Lewis acid= BF3 < BCl3 < BBr3 < BI3

11. Ionisation energy=
B> Al In SiO2 > Ge02 > SnO2 > PbO2

15. Reducing nature of hydrides=
CH4 < SiH4 < GeH4 < SnH4 < PbH4

16. Thermal stability of tetrahalides=
CCl4> SiCl4> GeCl4> SnCl4 > PbCl4

17. Oxidising character of M+4 species=
GeCl4 < SnCl4 < PbCl4

18. Ease of hydrolysis of tetrahalides=
SiCl4 < GeCl4 < SnCl4 < PbCI4

19. Acidic strength of trioxides=
N203 > P2O3 > As2O3

20. Acidic strength of pentoxides=
N2O2 > P2O2> As202 > Sb2O2 > Bi‌202

21) Acidic strength of oxides of nitrogen=
N2O < NO PH3 > AsH3 > SbH3 > BiH3

23. Stability of trihalides of nitrogen=
NF3 > NCl3 > NBr3

24.Lewis base strength=
NF3 PCI3 > AsCl3 > SbCl3 > BiCl3

26.Lewis acid strength of trihalides of P, As, and Sb=
PCl3 > ASCl3 > SbCl3

27. Lewis acid strength among phosphorus trihalides
PF3 > PCl3 > PBr3 > PI3

(28) Melting and boiling point of hydrides=
H2O > H2Te > H2Se >H2S

29. Volatility of hydrides=
H2O < H2Te < H2Se < H2S

30. Reducing nature of hydrides=
H2S < H2Se < H2Te

31. Covalent character of hydrides=
H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te

32. The acidic character of oxides (elements in the same oxidation state)=
SO2 > SeO2 > TeO2 > PoO2
SO3 > SeO3 > TeO3

33. Acidic character of oxide of a particular element (e.g. S)=
SO < SO2 < SO3
SO2 > TeO2 > SeO2 > PoO2

34. Bond energy of halogens=
Cl2 > Br2 > F2 > I2

35. Solubility of halogen in water =
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

36. Oxidising power=
F2 > Cl2 > Br2 > I2

37. Enthalpy of hydration of X ion=
F- > Cl- > Br- >I-

38. Reactivity of halogens:=
F> Cl> Br > I

39. Ionic character of M-X bond in halides
= M-F > M-Cl > MBr > M-I

40. Reducing character of X ion:=
I- > Br- > Cl- > F-

41. Acidic strength of halogen acids=
HI > HBr > HCI > HF

42 Reducing property of hydrogen halides
= HF < HCL < HBr < HI

43. Oxidising power of oxides of chlorine
= Cl2O > ClO2 > Cl206 > Cl2O7

44. Decreasing ionic size=
02- > F- > Na+ > Mg2+

45 Increasing acidic property=
Na2O3 < MgO < ZnO< P205

46 Increasing bond length=
N2

🔥🔥 Thermodynamics🔥🔥

,🔥Basic Terminology🔥

⭐️System-

Part of the universe under investigation.

⭐️Open System-

A system which can exchange both energy and matter with its surroundings.

⭐️Closed System-

A system which permits passage of energy but not mass, across its boundary.

⭐️Isolated system-

A system which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surrounding.

⭐️Surroundings-

Part of the universe other than system, which can interact with it.

⭐️Boundary-

Anything which separates system from surrounding.

⭐️State variables-

The variables which are required to be defined in order to define state of any system i.e. pressure, volume, mass, temperature, surface area, etc.

⭐️State Functions-

Property of system which depend only on the state of the system and not on the path. Example: Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

⭐️Intensive properties-

Properties of a system which do not depend on mass of the system i.e. temperature, pressure, density, concentration,

⭐️Extensive properties-

Properties of a system which depend on mass of the system i.e. volume, energy, enthalpy, entropy etc.

⭐️Process-

Path along which state of a system changes.

⭐️Isothermal process-

Process which takes place at constant temperature

⭐️Isobaric process-

Process which takes place at constant pressure

⭐️Isochoric process-

Process which takes place at constant volume.

⭐️Adiabatic process-

Process during which transfer of heat cannot take place between system and surrounding.

⭐️Cyclic process-

Process in which system comes back to its initial state after undergoing series of changes.

⭐️Reversible process-

Process during which the system always departs infinitesimally from the state of equilibrium i.e. its direction can be reversed at any moment.

⭐️Irriversible Process-

This type of process is fast and gets completed in a single step. This process cannot be reversed. All the natural processes are of this type.

The Raman effect is the change in the wavelength of light that occurs when a light beam is deflected by molecules. It was named after Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman who was born on 7th November 1888. The Raman effect is used to analyse different types of material.

He received the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery and was the first Asian to receive a Nobel Prize in any branch of science.

We celebrate today his birth anniversary with respect and pride..

😊