Bihar Board, Patna

Aditya L1 is India's first solar mission. It is scheduled to be launched on September 2, 2023, aboard a PSLV-XL rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India.

The Aditya L1 mission will be placed in a halo orbit around the Lagrange point L1, which is located between the Earth and the Sun. This orbit will allow the spacecraft to continuously view the Sun without any occultation or eclipses.

The Aditya L1 mission will carry seven scientific payloads to study different aspects of the Sun, including:

* The solar corona, which is the outermost layer of the Sun's atmosphere.
* The solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles that flows from the Sun.
* Solar flares, which are sudden bursts of energy that can release billions of tons of material into space.
* Coronal mass ejections (CMEs), which are large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the Sun's corona.

The Aditya L1 mission is expected to provide valuable insights into the Sun's dynamic atmosphere and its impact on Earth's space environment. The mission is also expected to help scientists to better understand the processes that drive solar activity and its effects on space weather.

Here are some additional details about the Aditya L1 mission:

* The spacecraft is about 2 meters tall and weighs about 1,500 kilograms.
* The mission is expected to last for about five years.
* The total cost of the mission is about ₹1,000 crore (US$130 million).

The Aditya L1 mission is a major milestone in India's space program. It is the first Indian mission to study the Sun in detail, and it is expected to make significant contributions to our understanding of the Sun and its impact on Earth.

Chandrayaan-3 is the third Indian lunar mission. It was launched on July 14, 2023, aboard an LVM3-M4 rocket from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India.

The mission consists of a lander, a rover, and an orbiter. The lander is called Vikram, the rover is called Pragyan, and the orbiter is called Chandrayaan-3.

The main objectives of Chandrayaan-3 are:

* To demonstrate the ability to soft-land on the lunar surface.
* To demonstrate the rover's ability to move on the lunar surface.
* To conduct in-situ scientific experiments.

The lander is equipped with a variety of scientific instruments, including a magnetometer, a seismometer, and a laser altimeter. The rover is also equipped with a variety of scientific instruments, including a spectrometer, a camera, and a drill.

The orbiter will map the lunar surface and study the lunar atmosphere. It will also act as a communication relay between the lander and rover.

Chandrayaan-3 is a major milestone in India's space program. It is the first Indian mission to attempt a soft landing on the lunar surface since Chandrayaan-2 in 2019. If successful, Chandrayaan-3 will help India to further its understanding of the Moon and its potential for future human exploration.

Here are some additional details about Chandrayaan-3:

* The lander is about 3 meters tall and weighs about 1,700 kilograms.
* The rover is about 1 meter tall and weighs about 26 kilograms.
* The orbiter is about 2 meters tall and weighs about 2,500 kilograms.
* The mission is expected to last for about two years.

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