Deepak Shah, scientist & para-psychologist

26/08/2022

Counseling Psychology

Counseling Psychology is a generalist health service (HSP) specialty in professional psychology that uses a broad range of culturally-informed and culturally-sensitive practices to help people improve their well-being, prevent and alleviate distress and maladjustment, resolve crises, and increase their ability to function better in their lives. It focuses specifically but not exclusively on normative life-span development, with a particular emphasis on prevention and education as well as amelioration, addressing individuals as well as the systems or contexts in which they function. It has particular expertise in work and career issues.

Specialized knowledge

Psychologists have an understanding of and capacity to engage in evidence-based and culturally-informed intervention, assessment, prevention, training, and research practices. They focus on healthy aspects and strengths of their clients (whether they are individuals, couples, families, groups, organizations, or communities); environmental/contextual influences (such as cultural, sociopolitical, gender, racial, ethnic, sexual orientation, and socioeconomic factors) that shape people’s experiences and concerns; the role of career and work in peoples’ lives; and advocacy for equity and social justice.

Problems addressed

Counseling psychologists focus on normative developmental and mental health issues and challenges faced by individuals across their lifespan, as well as systemic challenges (such as prejudice and discrimination) experienced in groups, workplaces, organizations, institutions, and communities. They use strengths-based perspectives and practices to prevent and ameliorate emotional, relational, physical/health-related, social, cultural, vocational, educational, and identity-related problems.

25/08/2022

Psychologists generally draw on one or more theories of psychotherapy.



A theory of psychotherapy acts as a roadmap for psychologists: It guides them through the process of understanding clients and their problems and developing solutions.



Approaches to psychotherapy fall into five broad categories:

Psychoanalysis and psychodynamic therapies. This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. Psychoanalytically oriented therapies are characterized by a close working partnership between therapist and patient. Patients learn about themselves by exploring their interactions in the therapeutic relationship. While psychoanalysis is closely identified with Sigmund Freud, it has been extended and modified since his early formulations.

Behavior therapy. This approach focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal behaviors.

Ivan Pavlov made important contributions to behavior therapy by discovering classical conditioning, or associative learning. Pavlov's famous dogs, for example, began drooling when they heard their dinner bell, because they associated the sound with for

Desensitizing" is classical conditioning in action: A therapist might help a client with a phobia through repeated exposure to whatever it is that causes anxiety

Another important thinker was E.L. Thorndike, who discovered operant conditioning. This type of learning relies on rewards and punishments to shape people's behavior.



Several variations have developed since behavior therapy's emergence in the 1950s. One variation is cognitive-behavioral therapy, which focuses on both thoughts and behaviors.

Cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy emphasizes what people think rather than what they do.

Cognitive therapists believe that it's dysfunctional thinking that leads to dysfunctional emotions or behaviors. By changing their thoughts, people can change how they feel and what they do.

08/04/2022

Token economics a technique based on principles of behaviourist psychology, maybe used in the treatment of the mental ill and handicapped. Many such patients are social withdrawal and do not participate in group activities (A) but whenever they do.(B) therapist and nurses can reinforced such positive behaviour by rewarding them with tokens, (C) these are equivalent to money within hospital and are exchangeable for goods and privileges such as cinema or other entrainment (D) the patient social behaviour can be gradually reshaped in this way and lead to a normal' life (E) outside the hospital.

07/04/2022

Psychotherapy is a broad term for a wide variety of techniques which help emotionally disturbed people to Modify their behaviour so that they can adjust to their environment.
This usually involves the patient becoming aware of the unconscious motives and conflict that govern their actions.
Pateint are encouraged to talk about their fears and emotions without the fear of being condemned of judged.
The therapist is able to offer an objective views without becoming emotionally involved

06/04/2022

Habituation or Boredom is one of the more important factors in discouraging learning and exploration. it is perhaps best illustrated by the common experience of a child soon getting bored with some new toy such as a rattle children react positively to new challenges as long as the rewards for success are changed when they show signs of becoming habituated to them

05/04/2022

Depression is a reaction to the stress or frustration produce by some incidents likes loss grief or disappointment.
Depression neurones as a rule, are a exaggerated from of what happens when the average man is temporarily cast down the severe loss of weight appetite delusions and deep guilt feeling seen in manic depressive psychoses are nearly always lacking.

04/04/2022

Electroconvulsive treatment (ECT)
Often simply called shock therapyis used to combat depression Here a patient is prepared for ECT. The patient is anesthetized and an alternating current is passed through the brain. the current causesa convulsions which has therapeutic effect, however the exect mode of action of ECT is still not understood. The treatment was first' administrated in 1938 in Italy the advent of tranquilizing drugs has limited the use of ECT. Today, it is mainly used in cases of severe depression when a patient refuses food of fluids or demonstrate suicidal tendencies.

24/01/2022

Encounter therapy

Encounter Therapy is a group approach aimed at restoring spontaneity and involvement is social relationships by the creation of an atmosphere in which members can express their innermost feeling and explore new attitudes. Dramatic buse is made of techniques such as body touching and mutual exploration.

27/11/2021

25/11/2021

EXTREMELY WITH DRAWN OR MODERATELY mental retardation children can be aided by using simple behaviour modification techniques.
Normally , the child a solitary play is encouraged or reinforced by the teachers attention