General Competition

╭────────────────╮
🌄 🇮🇳𝐒𝐇𝐔𝐁𝐎𝐔𝐃𝐇A𝐘🙏
𝕴𝖓𝖉𝖎𝖆`𝖘 1𝖘𝖙 𝖂𝖍𝖆𝖙𝖘𝖆𝖕𝖕 𝕹𝖊𝖜𝖘, 𝓼𝓲𝓷𝓬𝓮 2013
╰─────────── ────╯
*13 Apr (Sunday)*
*Vedic Ritu/* Vasanta
*Drik Ritu* : Vasanta
पक्ष :: *Krishnapaksh*
(In Purnimanta calendar)
*Vikram Samvat - 2082*
*Month* : Vaishak 01

(In Amanta calendar)
*Shaka Samvat - 1947*
*Month* : Chaitra 15
*Tithi :* Pratipada
*Nakshatra*: Chitra (up to 9:10 pm)Swati

*Rahu* 05:09 PM – 06:43 PM
*Yamaganda* 12:27 PM – 02:01 PM

*WEEKEND UPDATES*
https://youtu.be/3p1EOFr39IQ?si=lz3Rdj1kLgqsnPCO
×××××××××××××××××××××××
*TODAYS TOP NEWS*
×××××××××××××××××××××××

1. *JALLIANWALA BAGH MASSACRE DAY* : The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre happened on 13 April 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab. On this day, British soldiers opened fire on a group of unarmed Indians gathered at Jallianwala Bagh. Many people died and many more were injured.

2. Baisakhi will be celebrated on Monday, April 14th.

Link to join the Whatsapp Channel for daily News Follow the SHUBOUDHAY TOP NEWS channel on WhatsApp: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va4mbOoB4hdMARzu5u0l

3. The Madhya Pradesh government has officially declared the establishment of a new 258.64 square kilometer wildlife sanctuary in Sagar district, named after Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, ahead of his 134th birth anniversary on April 14, 2025. This sanctuary, called Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Abhyaran.

4. 70% of Karnataka population is OBC, says caste census. The Commission has recommended hiking the OBC quota to 51 per cent, up from the current 32 per cent.

5. A 37.08 km stretch of National Highway 848, which connects Pardi to Kaprada in South Gujarat, has been approved for upgradation to a four-lane road with a divided carriageway and paved shoulders at a cost of ₹825.72 crore. Union Minister Nitin Gadkari made the announcement in at social media post.

6. Telangana government plans 2.5 km suspension bridge across Mir Alam Tank, to develop it into a tourism spot.

7. Telangana Industrial Infrastructure Corporation has raised nearly Rs 10,000 crore by issuing through a private placement of senior secured taxable redeemable, non-convertible debentures from the market by showing 400 acres of land adjacent to University of Hyderabad as "pre collateral", Industries Minister D Sridhar Babu said.

8. To enhance the experience of Mumbai's suburban train commuters, Railway Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw has introduced Kavach 5.0, a cutting-edge automatic train protection system. Designed specifically for Mumbai’s local trains, this version aims to increase service frequency by 30%.

9. In Ladakh, the Apricot Blossom Festival 2025, also known as Chuli Mendoq, began yesterday with a vibrant opening ceremony at Sanjaq village in Kargil.

10. In Sikkim, the International Youth Conclave started at Yanggang Helipad in the Namchi district. The three-day event was inaugurated by Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang. The event is being organized by the Department of Tourism.

11. Recently, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) launched a digital portal to facilitate private investment in the development of jetties and terminals on National Waterways. This initiative aims to enhance the Ease of Doing Business (EODB).

12. In Bihar, the Met. department has issued an alert of increased activities of lightning, hailstorm, and thundering accompanying heavy to moderate rainfall in several parts for the next five days.

13. Chief Minister A. Revanth Reddy will launch the much-anticipated Bhu Bharathi portal (Record of Rights) on April 14 that will lead to the solving the problems related to land transactions over the last 10 years.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*LEGAL REPORT*
××××××××××××××××××××××

1. First action under Waqf Act: Illegal madrasa built on government land demolished in Madhya Pradesh's Panna. an illegally constructed madrasa was located on government land in BD Colony.

2. The ongoing probe into terrorist Tahawwur Rana, a key conspirator in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks, has unearthed a critical lead involving an elusive figure referred to as the "Dubai Man." This individual is believed to have had prior knowledge of the attacks and met Rana in Dubai shortly before the carnage.

The United States extradited Tahawwur Hussain Rana, a Canadian citizen of Pakistani origin, to India on 9 April 2025, to face trial for his alleged involvement in the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks

3. The Delhi High Court has ordered the Delhi Police to continue providing security to Justice Yashwant Varma, who was recently transferred to the Allahabad High Court following the recovery of semi-burnt sacks of Indian currency from his Delhi residence after a fire on March 14.

4. In West Bengal, three persons were killed and 18 police personnel have been injured in Waqf related violence in some areas of Murshidabad district. 118 people have been arrested so far in these incidents.

5. Punjab police have arrested the main accused of the gr***de attack on the residence of a senior BJP leader and National Executive Member, Manoranjan Kalia, in Jalandhar on7th April.

6. In Telangana, at least 22 members of the outlawed CPI (Maoist) surrendered before the police in Mulugu district.

7. Three Maoists were killed in an encounter with security forces in Chhattisgarh's Bijapur district on Saturday morning. The gunfight occurred in the dense forests of the Indravati National Park area around 9 am during an anti-Maoist operation led by a joint team of security personnel.

""""""""""" *MISHAPS* """""""""""

Uttarakhand, a vehicle fell into a deep gorge and sank into the Alaknanda river on Saturday morning between Kirtinagar and Devprayag on the Rishikesh-Badrinath National Highway in Tehri district. Five people lost their lives in the accident, while a rescued woman has been admitted to a Hospital.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*FINANCE*
××××××××××××××××××××××
 *USD* ₹ 86 (Approx)
💷 *GBP* ₹112(Approx)
€ *Euro* : ₹ 94 Approx)
*🇨🇳 Yuan ¥* : ₹ 12
************************
*BSE SENSEX*
75,157.26 +1,310.11 (1.77%)🌲

*NIFTY*
22,828.55 +429.40 (1.92%)🌲
***********************
*Rates in Financial Capital Mumbai*

*GOLD* : ₹ 95,400/ 10gm (24 krt)

*SILVER* : ₹ 97,100/KG

1. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has issued an official clarification refuting claims circulating on social media platforms that it has selected PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) to benchmark its Research and Development (R&D) processes.

2. The Government of India has recently launched the ‘Global Tariff and Trade Helpdesk’. This initiative aims to assist stakeholders in navigating the complexities of international trade amidst changing tariff landscapes.

3. Dr. Ambrish Mithal, a distinguished Indian endocrinologist, has been honored with the 2025 Committee of Scientific Advisors Medal of Achievement by the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF).

4. In Jammu & Kashmir, the mustard production is expected to record an estimated increase of 36000 metric tonnes in comparison to last year production in Kashmir region. This significant rise in yield is helping reduce the region’s dependency on imported mustard oil.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*ENTERTAINMENT NEWS*
×××××××××××××××××××××××

Actor Sunny Deol, the star who broke box office records with his stellar performance in ‘Gadar 2,’ is back on the big screen with a mass entertainer—JAAT movie. This film was highly anticipated, but it failed to meet expectations.

××××××××××××××××××××
*DEFENCE News*
××××××××××××××××××××

1. Navy Chief Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi commenced a five-day official visit to Tanzania on 12 April 2025, to witness the inaugural edition of the Africa-India Key Maritime Engagement (AIKEYME), a multilateral naval exercise co-hosted by the Indian Navy and the Tanzania Peoples Defence Force.The exercise, scheduled from April 13 to April 18.

2. Air Marshal Narmdeshwar Tiwari, the Air Officer Commanding-in-Chief (AOC-in-C) of the South Western Air Command (SWAC), conducted a significant operational review during his visit to Air Force Station Lohegaon in Pune on 11 April 2025.

3. The Indian Army is undergoing a transformative shift by integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) into its operational framework, significantly enhancing its Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) capabilities. This adoption of AI-driven technologies is reshaping modern warfare and providing India with a strategic edge in defence operation.

4. The School of Artillery at the Artillery Centre in Nashik Road recently conducted an immersive drone training session for a group of young officers, focusing on next-generation warfare technologies.

5. Keeping in mind the damage drones cause to tanks in the ongoing Ukraine-Russia conflict, the Indian Army is planning to procure full-scale 'mock tanks' to mimic the T-90 tanks in its fleet. These 'mock tanks' will deceive drones into believing that real tanks are deployed.

6. India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently completed successful release trials of the Long-Range Glide Bomb (LRGB) named ‘Gaurav’. Conducted from April 8 to 10, 2025, these trials took place using the Sukhoi-30MKI fighter aircraft.

7. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) recently introduced the BM-04, a next-generation short-range ballistic missile (SRBM), at a defence exhibition in Hyderabad. This missile is designed to enhance India’s conventional strike capabilities.

8. In J&K, 3 More Terrorists Gunned Down in the ongoing operation in the Chatroo area.

9. Sainik School Nalanda (Bihar) was awarded the Raksha Mantri trophy for the year 2023-24 on April 8, for sending the maximum number of cadets to the National Defence Academy (NDA), among the other 33 Sainik schools in the country.

10. The Assam Rifles successfully conducted the first-ever Assam Rifles Ex-Servicemen Association (ARESA) Conclave at Shillong in Meghalaya on Friday (April 11), marking a significant milestone in strengthening the bond between the force and its esteemed veterans.

××××××××××××××××××××××
✈ *INTERNATIONAL NEWS*
××××××××××××××××××××××××

1. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar recently held significant discussions with Italy's Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Antonio Tajani, as well as Minister Anna Maria Bernini, during their meeting on 11 April 2025.The talks focused on strengthening bilateral cooperation across diverse sectors, including trade, investment, maritime security, technology, education, and culture.

2. US Vice President JD Vance and National Security Advisor Mike Waltz are expected to visit India later this month, marking significant diplomatic engagements between the two nations. The visits, likely to occur between April 21 and 25, coincide with ongoing efforts to finalise a bilateral trade agreement between India and the US.

3. The Singapore government has honoured four Indian migrant workers for their heroic actions in rescuing children and adults from a fire at a shophouse, where 16 minors and six adults were trapped. Pawan Kalyan's son, Mark Shankar Pawanovich, was also stuck in the building that caught fire.
Actor turned Politician Pawan Kalyan's son, Mark Shankar Pawanovich, was also stuck in the building that caught fire.

××××××××××××××××××××××××
🌎 *WORLD NEWS* 🌍
========================

1. Recently, the U.S. House of Representatives passed the SAVE Act. This act mandates proof of U.S. citizenship for voter registration.

2. State of Social Protection Report 2025 was released recently by the World Bank. It reveals that 1.6 billion individuals receive no social protection at all. As of 2025, nearly two billion people in low- and middle-income countries lack adequate social protection.

3. Recently, agreement was reached allowing U.S. troops to deploy to facilities along the Panama Canal. The agreement permits military personnel to conduct training and exercises at Panama-controlled sites.

4. Recently Japan Builds World’s First 3D-Printed Train Station in Record Time of 6 hours in Arida City.

************************
🚣🚴🏇🏊 *SPORTS*
*************************

1. *Indian Premier League 2025*
74 T20s
Mar 22 - May 25

(a) Saturday, 12 Apr 2025
26th Match • Lucknow, Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium

Gujarat-Titans
GT: 180-6 (20)
Vs
Lucknow-super-giants
LSG: 186-4 (19.3)
Lucknow Super Giants won by 6 wkts

(b) 27th Match • Hyderabad, Rajiv Gandhi International Stadium

Punjab-kings
PBKS: 245-6 (20)
Vs
Sunrisers-Hyderabad
SRH: 247-2 (18.3)

Sunrisers Hyderabad won by 8 wkts

2. Bihar will host the Women’s Kabaddi World Cup 2025 from 1st June to 10th June this year at Rajgir. 14 teams will participate in the World Cup for Women. ​This will be the second time that Bihar will host the World Cup of Kabaddi for women.

3. In the first leg of the International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF) World Cup 2025 at Buenos Aires, Argentina, India finished second in the standings behind China. India won a total of 8 medals, including 4 gold, 2 silver and 2 bronze.

4. Former England fast bowler James Anderson has been awarded a knighthood for his services to Cricket as part of former British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak’s resignation honours list. Anderson is the only sportsperson who has made it to the list.

5. Virat Kohli Creates History: Becomes First Player to Score 1000 Fours and Sixes in IPL.

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
Ⓝⓐⓥⓔⓔⓝ Ⓚⓤⓜⓐⓡ
🇮🇳 *FACTS ABOUT BHARAT* 🇮🇳
=======================
The *Jallianwala Bagh* massacre, also known as the Amritsar massacre, took place on 13 April 1919. A large peaceful crowd had gathered at the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab to protest against the arrest of pro-Indian independence leaders Dr. Saifuddin Kitchlew and Dr. Satya Pal. In response to the public gathering, the Anglo-Indian Brigadier R. E. H. Dyer surrounded the protesters with his Gurkha British Indian army units.

The troops kept on firing until their ammunition was exhausted.
=======================
*😀Thought of the day*
=======================
The sun himself is weak when he first rises, and gathers strength & courage as the day gets on =======================
*JOKE OF THE DAY*=======================
*Interviewer* : “Why did you become a bus driver?”

*Chintu* : “To overcome my biggest fear.”

*Invr* :. “Driving?”🤔⁉️

*chintu* : No, “Dying alone.” 🤪
=======================
*Why......?*
=======================
*What does Black smoke on a diesel engine mean?*
Black smoke indicates that the fuel is not burned properly. The internal combustion process in diesel engines requires a certain mixture of fuel and air. The ratio of fuel and air should be proper, otherwise, the mixture will be too rich, which will result in black smoke.

Incomplete combustion occurs and soot is formed when there is an overabundance of fuel (both diesel fuel and l**e oil), insufficient residence time in the combustion zone, and/or non-availability of sufficient oxidants. Over-fueling is the primary cause of black smoke from the exhaust of a heavy duty diesel engine.
=======================
*LEARN Sanskrit*🙏🏻
=======================
रूपयौवनसंपन्ना विशालकुलसंभवाः।

विद्याहीनाः न शोभन्ते निर्गन्धाः किंशुकाः इव।।8।।

Rūpayauvanasaṁpannā Viśālakulasaṁbhavāḥ।

Vidyāhīnāḥ Na Śobhante Nirgandhāḥ Kiṁśukāḥ Iva।।

Those who are born in a great family and are handsome and young, but do not possess any knowledge, are similar to the beautiful flowers of great breed without any fragrance jasmine without fragrance.
=======================
🤔 *HOW IT WORKS* ⁉ =======================
*How does mobile phone charger work?*

As we connect our charger to 220V AC direct from the switchboard the first job of the charger is step down the high 220V in 9V (or 10V in some cases). In transformer there are primary and secondary coils which step up or step down the voltage according to the no of turn in the coils.

Rectification is the process of removing the negative part of the Alternate Current (AC), hence producing the partial DC. capacitor maintains the proper voltage supply into the Load circuit, hence creating the DC.
=======================
💁🏻‍♂‍ *GK TODAY*
=======================
Udham Singh (born Sher Singh; 26 December 1899 — 31 July 1940) was an Indian revolutionary belonging to Ghadar Party and HSRA, best known for assassinating Michael O'Dwyer, the former lieutenant governor of the Punjab in India, on 13 March 1940. The assassination was done in revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in 1919, for which O'Dwyer was responsible
=======================
*BORN TODAY* 🐣💐
=======================
Najma Akbar Ali Heptulla (born 13 April 1940) is an Indian politician and Governor of Manipur and the Chancellor of Jamia Millia Islamia, and former vice-president of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), and a six time member of the Rajya Sabha.

She contested the 13th vice-presidential election held in August 2007 but lost to Hamid Ansari by 233 votes
=======================
🙏🏻 *IDIOMS & PHRASES*
=======================
*Your guess is as good as mine*
I have no idea
=======================
*ANTONYMS*
Feeble x Sturdy Strong

*SYNONYMS*
Clarify : Explain
=========================
🛕 *VEDIK GYAN*
(kindly inform, if given info is differ from actual facts🙏🏻) =======================
According to the Matsya Purana, sage Manu was the first man ( first human) created by Lord Bharma using his divine powers.

He had three daughters, namely Akuti, Devahuti and Prasuti. Devahuti was given in marriage to sage Kardama and she gave birth to nine daughters, and a single son named Kapila.
=======================.
*HEALTH CARE HOME REMEDIES*
*
( *Note* : These home tips followed in villages/ancient traditions, it is up to you to use it or not🙏🏻) =======================
*Constipation : कब्ज या कॉन्स्टिपेशन*
1.*Drink More Water* : Being dehydrated regularly can make a person constipated. To prevent this, it is important to drink enough water and stay hydrated.

2. *Eat more fiber* , especially soluble, non-fermentable fiber.

3. *Soluble fibers* — present in oat bran, barley, nuts, seeds, beans, lentils, and peas, as well as some fruits and vegetables — absorb water and form a gel-like paste, which softens the stools and improves its consistency.
=======================
*Regards*
*CH Nαʋҽҽɳ Kυɱαɾ..*.✒️
÷÷÷÷÷÷ *Samapth*÷÷÷÷÷÷÷

*🙏 *PLZ SHARE IT*

Current Affairs 05-12 Apr 25 | Raju notes| करंट अफेयर्स। राजू नोट्स | #UPSC #ssb #DSSC Epi 289 This is a Non monetized channel . Its made with intention of helping students taking exam like DSSC/CIVILS/SSB etc, . MILITARY HISTORY CHANNEL RAJU NOTES is ...

╭────────────────╮
🌄 🇮🇳𝐒𝐇𝐔𝐁𝐎𝐔𝐃𝐇A𝐘🙏
𝕴𝖓𝖉𝖎𝖆`𝖘 1𝖘𝖙 𝖂𝖍𝖆𝖙𝖘𝖆𝖕𝖕 𝕹𝖊𝖜𝖘, 𝓼𝓲𝓷𝓬𝓮 2013
╰─────────── ────╯
*02 Oct (Wednesday)*
*Vedic Ritu/* Varsha (Monsoon)
*Drik Ritu* : Sharad (Autumn)
पक्ष :: *Krishnapaksh*
*Vikram Samvat - 2081*
*Shaka Samvat - 1946*
*Month* : Ashvina 14, (Purnimanta)
Bhadrapada 29(Amanta)
*Nakshatra*: Uttara Phalguni (up to 12:23 pm)Hasta
*Tithi :* Amavasya/
Pratipada
*Rahu* : 12:15 PM – 01:44 PM
*Yamaganda*: 07:50 AM – 09:19 AM

*Facts about Mahatma Gandhi & Lal Bahadur Shastri*: https://youtu.be/lYH2ps6HLF4?feature=shared
×××××××××××××××××××××××
*TODAYS TOP NEWS*
×××××××××××××××××××××××

1. Nation Pays Homage to Mahatma Gandhi and former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri on their birth anniversary today.

2. India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast heavy to very heavy rainfall over Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, and Tripura during the next two days. IMD also forecast heavy rainfall in Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Coastal Karnataka, and Karaikal till 5th October.

3. PM Modi will participate in the Swachh Bharat Diwas 2024 programme on the occasion of the 155th Gandhi Jayanti in New Delhi. https://youtu.be/lYH2ps6HLF4?feature=shared

4. The third and final phase of Jammu and Kashmir assembly polls concluded on Tuesday. Nearly 69% Voter turnout recorded. The Highest 72.91 per cent voting was reported in Udhampur district.

5. Union Jal Shakti Minister C R Patil urged people to undertake an hour of Shramdaan for Swachhata on 02 Oct.

6. Union Minister for Heavy Industries H.D Kumaraswamy launched the PM E-DRIVE Scheme in New Delhi.

7. Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment, Dr Virendra Kumar, felicitated the National toppers in Disability Rehabilitation and Special Education in New Delhi.

8. Union Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare Minister, Shivraj Singh Chouhan reiterated that the Government is committed towards solving the problems of farmers.

9. Union Minister for Culture and Tourism, Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, inaugurated an exhibition titled Sushasan Aur Abhilekh in New Delhi. The exhibition showcased records that have been preserved and conserved by various government departments and ministries over the years and have historical value.

10. Housing and Urban Affairs Minister Manohar Lal has said that the government has taken major steps to improve the urban infrastructure and housing landscape in the first 100 days of the PM Modi 3.0 government.

11. The Centre has approved the release of 675 crore rupees to the flood-affected States of Gujarat, Manipur and Tripura as an advance from the National Disaster Response Fund (NDRF). Of the total amount, 600 crore rupees have been approved for Gujarat, 50 crore rupees for Manipur and 25 crore rupees for Tripura.

12. In Bihar, the flood situation continues to remain grim in sixteen districts due to recent flash flood and breach of embankments in several parts of the state. More than 12 lakh people have been affected due to flood.

13. Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be on a day long visit to Hazaribagh in Jharkhand today. PM Modi is scheduled to launch ambitious Pradhan Mantri Janjatiya Unnat Gram Abhiyan with a total outlay of 79,156 crore rupees .This programme will be at the campus of Vinoba Bhabe University.

14. Campaigning has intensified for assembly elections in Haryana with the polling date approaching closer. Leaders of various political parties are holding multiple rallies and roadshows garnering support for their party candidates.

15. Around 40 students studying in Class V and VI of Sahakar Vidya Prasarak Mandal School in Kalwa in Thane district of Maharashtra fell ill after consuming lunch from a mid-day meal programme. All these students are undergoing treatment at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Hospital of Thane Municipal Corporation and their condition is said to be stable.

16. In Maharashtra, Minister of State for Ayush and Health Ministry, Prataprao Jadhav announced that the National Medical Commission has approved a total of 8 medical colleges in Maharashtra including his parliamentary constituency Buldhana.

17. Hindu outfit removes Sai Baba statues from Varanasi temples : Statues of Sai Baba were removed from multiple temples in Varanasi on Tuesday following a campaign launched by a group called 'Sanatan Rakshak Dal'.

18. Assam Chief Minister and Jharkhand BJP co-election in-charge, Himanta Biswa Sarma, has said that his BJP will release a brief party manifesto for Jharkhand Assembly Elections on October 3.

19. Sikkim Chief Minister Prem Singh Tamang Golay chaired a high-level meeting with the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) in Gangtok. The discussions focused on strengthening infrastructure and enhancing collaboration to support Sikkim’s development and national security.

20. Nagaland Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, C. L. John has emphasized the importance of collective responsibility in preserving and protecting wildlife. Ahead of the weeklong celebrations of Wildlife Week 2024 across the country, from 2nd to 8th October, the Minister in a message called upon the people to reaffirm their duty to protect and preserve their natural heritage.

21. In Nagaland, Naga Hospital Authority Kohima (NHAK) has been recognized as the best-performing hospital in Kohima district under the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY). The recognition was given during a program commemorating the 6th anniversary of PMJAY and the 3rd anniversary of the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission in Kohima.

22. Union Minister of Minority Affairs Kiren Rijiju announced that all sites in Maharashtra associated with Bhagwan Gautam Buddha will be visited and developed. Mr Rijiju visited Chaityabhoomi in Dadar, Mumbai, and paid floral tributes to Bharat Ratna Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar.

23. On the eve of Gandhi Jayanti, as part of the nationwide “Swachhata Hi Seva” campaign, the Governor of Sikkim, Om Prakash Mathur, led a cleanliness drive at Raj Bhavan in Gangtok.

24. Swachhata Hi Seva 2024 campaign will conclude on the 155th Gandhi Jayanti today. The campaign was initiated on the 17th of last month. The campaign has witnessed active participation from state governments, local authorities, and community groups across the country.

25. On October 2, 2024, an annular solar eclipse will take place. This means that people in certain parts of South America will be able to see the Moon cover the center of the Sun, leaving a bright ring around the edges—like a “ring of fire.” In other parts of the world, like North America and areas around the Pacific Ocean, people will witness a partial solar eclipse, where only part of the Sun will be covered by the Moon. Unfortunately, this eclipse will not be visible in India.

A solar eclipse happens when the Moon moves directly between the Earth and the Sun, blocking some or all of the Sun’s light. As per Indian Standard Time (IST) it will commence at 9:13 pm and will continue till 3:17 am. The solar eclipse will take place during the night in India.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*LEGAL REPORT*
××××××××××××××××××××××

1. Junior doctors in West Bengal resumed an indefinite 'total cease work' on Tuesday, escalating protests over the state government's "failure" to address key demands including enhanced hospital security, a day after the Supreme Court emphasised the need for medics to perform essential duties.

2. Election Commission has set stringent terms for granting parole to r**e convict Dera Sacha Sauda chief Gurmeet Ram Rahim Singh, including a ban on his entry in Haryana, delivering public speeches and indulging in political activity.

3. Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed Khan today said that he will seek a report from the state government on the action taken by it against gold smugglers, who are using ill-gotten money for anti-national activities.

4. A strong contingent of 150 police personnel descended upon the Isha foundation here as part of an inquiry by the Coimbatore district superintendent of police after the Madras high court sought a report from the Tamil Nadu government on all criminal cases registered against the spiritual guru Jaggi Vasudev's institution.

5. The Bombay High Court on Tuesday refused to grant pre-arrest bail to the chairman and secretary of the school in Maharashtra's Badlapur where two minor girls were allegedly sexually assaulted by now deceased male attendant Akshay Shinde.

6. The Special Investigation Team (SIT), appointed by the Andhra Pradesh government to probe into the Tirupati Laddu adulteration episode, has been instructed to pause the investigation till the next hearing on the matter in the Supreme Court, scheduled for 3 October.

7. The Supreme Court has stayed the proceedings in a criminal defamation case against Delhi Chief Minister Atishi and Arvind Kejriwal.

The defamation case was filed by Delhi BJP leader Rajiv Babbar over the remarks of AAP leaders on the alleged deletion of names of 30 lakh voters belonging to a particular community from the electoral rolls.

8. The Supreme Court has granted relief to a Dalit student who missed the chance of admission to the Indian Institute of Technology, Dhanbad, for being late in paying the online admission fee by a few minutes.

9. The Delhi Police has banned protests and assembly of five or more unauthorised persons in three districts of National Capital Delhi and bordering areas till October 5 (Saturday), citing law and order issues. The three districts are Central Delhi, New Delhi and North Delhi.

10. Central Bureau of Investigation CBI has arrested the former education minister of West Bengal and another person Ayan Sil in connection with the 2014 primary TET examination scam.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*FINANCE*
××××××××××××××××××××××
 *USD* ₹ 84 (Approx)
💷 *GBP* ₹112(Approx)
€ *Euro* : ₹ 94(Approx)
*🇨🇳 Yuan ¥* : ₹ 12
************************
*BSE SENSEX*
*84,266.29 −33.49 (0.040%)* 🔻

*NIFTY*
*25,796.90 −13.95 (0.054%)*🔻
***********************
*Rates in Financial Capital Mumbai*

*GOLD* : ₹ 77,000/ 10gm (24 krt)

*SILVER* : ₹ 95,000/KG

1. The All-India Consumer Price Index for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) for August 2024 decreased by 0.1 points and stood at 142.6 as per the data released by the Ministry of Labour and Employment.

2. India’s total estimated employment in manufacturing industries showed a robust growth of 7.4 percent in the fiscal 2022-23 over the previous year. According to the latest data by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), the employment rose to 1.84 crore in 2022-23 from 1.72 crore in 2021-22 highest-ever increase in the sector in more than a decade.

3. Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said that getting a bank loan for the poor and small business owners has become very easy today. She mentioned that this has been made possible due to the Jan Dhan Yojana. She made these remarks while addressing beneficiaries of various government schemes during a Credit Outreach Programme in Itanagar.

4. The Reserve Bank of India has released its monthly data on sectoral deployment of bank credit. The data released shows that the growth in credit to agriculture and allied activities continued to be robust, with a growth of 17.7 per cent in August this year as against the corresponding period last year.

×××××××××××××××××××××××
*ENTERTAINMENT NEWS*
×××××××××××××××××××××××

Devara Part 1 box office collection day 5: Jr NTR and Saif Ali Khan-starrer showed a dip in collections on its weekday. The film is directed by Koratala Siva.

Devara is yet to cross ₹ 200 crore after four days of release. The pan-India film was released on Friday in five languages Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Malayalam, and Kannada. Devara marks Jr NTR’s first solo release in six years. He was last seen in SS Rajamouli's RRR, along with Ram Charan.

××××××××××××××××××××
*DEFENCE News*
××××××××××××××××××××

1. The Indian Army, in collaboration with the Centre for Land Warfare Studies (CLAWS), is set to conduct the Second Edition of its flagship event, Chanakya Defence Dialogue-2024. The two-day event will be conducted on the 24th and 25th of this month in New Delhi on the theme of Drivers in Nation Building: Fuelling Growth through Comprehensive Security.

2. Indian Navy to embark on second edition of Navika Sagar Parikrama expedition on October 2.

Indian Naval Sailing Vessel Tarini would sail on this challenging expedition with two courageous women officers, Lieutenant Commander, Dilna K and Lieutenant Commander, Roopa A. Over a period of eight months, both officers will navigate more than twenty one thousand six hundred nautical miles or nearly 40 thousand kilometer without any external assistance, relying solely on wind power.

3. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has said that the country has moved towards self-reliance in the defence sector and now is counted among defence exporters in the world. The Defence Minister was addressed the 277th Annual Day of the Defence Accounts Department in New Delhi.

4. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh accorded a warm send-off to Vayu Veer Vijeta car rally from the National War Memorial in New Delhi. The rally will reach Thoise in Ladakh where it will be formally flagged off to Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh to mark the 92nd anniversary of the Indian Air Force on the 8th of this month. It will cover a long distance of 7000 kilometres.

5. Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi has said that the situation along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) with China is stable but not normal. Speaking at the Chanakya Defence Dialogue in New Delhi, the Army Chief said that India wants to restore the situation to its pre April 2020 status, before the military standoff that began in May 2020.

6. The eighth edition of India-Kazakhstan Joint Military Exercise KAZIND-2024 commenced in Uttarakhand. The Indian Armed Forces, comprising 120 personnel, are represented by a battalion of the KUMAON Regiment of the Indian Army.

KAZIND-2024 is the 8th edition of the joint military exercise between India and Kazakhstan, which started on 30th September 2024 in Auli, Uttarakhand, India. The exercise will continue until 13th October 2024.

7. Recently the Indian Army signed the eighth procurement contract through the government’s flagship initiative Innovations for Defence Excellence (iDEX) in New Delhi.

8. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is set to conduct a mega airshow on Marina Beach in Chennai on the occasion of 92nd Air Force Day on 06 October.

9. Air Chief Marshal AP Singh has officially become the Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) of the Indian Air Force (IAF).

10. Surgeon Vice Admiral Arti Sarin, on October 01, 2024, became the first woman officer to take over as the Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS). The DGAFMS is directly responsible to the Ministry of Defence for overall medical policy matters which relate to the Armed Forces.

××××××××××××××××××××××
✈ *INTERNATIONAL NEWS*
××××××××××××××××××××××××

1. India is communicating between Russia and Ukraine to help the two warring nations resolve their differences, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said .

2. China has violated border agreements, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar said on Tuesday, noting that continued tension will cast a natural shadow over the rest of this relationship.

3. National Security Advisor Ajit Doval who is in Paris, called on French President Emmanuel Macron. He conveyed Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s greetings to Mr Macron. He reiterated his commitment to implement the India-France Horizon 2047 roadmap.

4. India and Jamaica exchanged four Memorandum of Understanding in the fields of Digital Public Infrastructure, Cultural Exchange and Sports. These MoUs were exchanged after delegation-level talks held between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his visiting Jamaican counterpart Dr Andrew Holness in New Delhi.

Jamaican PM Dr. Andrew Holness also visited Rajghat and pays homage to Mahatma Gandhi.

5. The 26th Water, Energy, Technology and Environment Exhibition (WETEX) 2024 began at the Dubai World Trade Centre, featuring a strong Indian presence with 29 leading companies participating in the Indian pavilion. The event, organized by Dubai Electricity and Water Authority (DEWA), will continue till the 3rd of this month.

××××××××××××××××××××××××
🌎 *WORLD NEWS* 🌍
========================

1. Iran launched a missile attack on Israel on Tuesday. In a statement the Israeli Defence Forces said, all Israeli civilians are in bomb shelters as rockets from Iran are fired at Israel.

2. US president Joe Biden on Tuesday ordered the US military to aid Israel and shoot down Iranian missiles. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for a ceasefire amid heightened tensions between Israel and Iran.

3. *IMF delegation to meet Sri Lankan officials to discuss economic recovery plan* : The delegation, led by the Director of the IMF’s Asia-Pacific Region, Krishna Srinivasan, is expected to meet Minister of Foreign Affairs Vijitha Herath during their three-day visit.

The discussions will focus on the country’s progress under the current program and explore the next steps in Sri Lanka’s economic recovery plan.

4. At least 23 people were killed in Thailand when a school bus carrying more than 40 students and teachers caught fire on the outskirts of the capital, Bangkok.

4. In 🇹🇼Taiwan, schools and offices were shut down as the island braced for Typhoon Krathon. more than 7,700 people have been evacuated. According to the Central Weather Administration.

5. Former Netherlands Prime Minister Mark Rutte today took over as the Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) in Brussels. He succeeds Norway’s Jens Stoltenberg, who had led the alliance since 2014.

6. In China, three people were killed, and 15 others injured after a man went on a stabbing rampage inside a Walmart supermarket in Shanghai. The police arrested the accused at the scene, and further investigations are on. The incident occurred on the eve of China’s week-long National Day holiday.

7. European Commission has said that the Group of Seven (G7) countries want to reach a political agreement on the 50 billion dollar loan for Ukraine by the end of this month for the cash to be able to available before the end of this year.

The G7 countries are the United States, Canada, Japan, Britain, France, Germany and Italy. The European Union as a whole, represented by its institutions, is also part of the group.

************************
🚣🚴🏇🏊 *SPORTS*
*************************

1. In Cricket, India have clean sweeped the two-match Test Series against Bangladesh. The hosts defeated the visitors by seven wickets in the second Test match in Kanpur.

India vs Bangladesh,
2nd Test

India won by 7 wkts
BAN 233 &146
IND 285/9d &98/3

*PLAYER OF THE MATCH*
Yashasvi Jaiswal

*PLAYER OF THE SERIES*
Ravichandran Ashwin

2. Madhya Pradesh government will honour the medal winners of the Olympic and Paralympic Games 2024 in a ceremony to be held at Bhopal today.

3. Chief Minister Yogi Adityanath felicitated sportspersons who have brought honour to the country and state in the Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games.

In the felicitation ceremony held at the Indira Gandhi Pratishthan in Lucknow, the Chief Minister presented prize money of 22 crore and 70 lakh to 14 Olympians and Para Olympians. Praveen Kumar, who won a gold medal in the T64 event at the Paris Paralympic Games, was honoured with a prize money of 6 crore rupees.

4. The Athletics Federation of India has shortlisted former world champion and Olympic medallist Sergey Makarov as the new coach for India’s javelin throwers.

""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""
🇮🇳 *FACTS ABOUT INDIA* 🇮🇳
=======================
*Gandhi Jayanti* is a national festival celebrated in India to mark the birth anniversary of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi born on 2nd October 1869. It is celebrated annually on 2 October, and it is one of the three national holidays of India. The UN General Assembly announced on 15 June 2007 that it adopted a resolution which declared that 2 October will be celebrated as the International Day of Non-Violence.
=======================
*😀Thought of the day*
=======================
Men are not born great, their thoughts make them great. It is the purity and simplicity of thoughts and actions that separate these great men from the rest of the tribe. =======================
* *JOKE OF THE DAY* 
=======================
Chunav Lad Rahi Mahila Se Reporter Ne Pucha-

Apko Chunav Ladne Ka Khayal Kaise Aya

*Lady* - Jab B Me Apne Pati Se Ladti Hu To Jeet Meri Hi Hoti Hai.....🤪
=======================
*😳WHY❓❓❓*
=======================
*Why Gandhiji became ‘Father of the Nation’*

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the first person to call Mahatma Gandhi as the ‘Father of the Nation.’ Later, the Parliament of Independent India officially recognised Gandhiji as the Father of the Nation.

Father of the Nation was given to the Mahatma by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose, who in his address on Singapore Radio on 6 July 1944 has addressed Mahatma Gandhi as Father of the Nation.
=======================
*LEARN Sanskrit*🙏🏻
=======================
*अहिंसाप्रतिष्ठायां तत्संनिधौ वैरत्यागः।*

ahiṃsāpratiṣṭhāyāṃ tatsaṃnidhau vairatyāgaḥ।

As a Yogi becomes firmly grounded in non-violence (Ahimsa), other people who come near will naturally lose any feelings of hostility.
=======================
🤔 *HOW IT WORKS* ⁉ =======================
*What is the working principle of loudspeaker?* 📢📣*

To make sound, a loudspeaker is driven by modulated electric current (produced by an amplifier) that passes through a "speaker coil" which then (through inductance) creates a magnetic field around the coil, creating a magnetic field.

A current in the coil creates a magnetic field. the magnetic field interacts with the permanent magnet generating a force, which pushes the cone outwards. the current is made to flow in the opposite direction.
=======================
💁🏻‍♂‍ *GK TODAY*
=======================
*2 October - International Day of Non-Violence**

International Day of Non-Violence is observed on 2 October to mark the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi who had played an important role in India's Independence. On 15 June, 2007, General Assembly adopted a resolution of establishing the International Day of Non-Violence to spread the message of non-violence including education and public awareness.
=======================
*BORN TODAY* 🐣💐
=======================

*Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi*
(02 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist, and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule. He inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.

*Lal Bahadur Shastri*
(02 Oct 1904 – 11 Jan 1966) was the 2nd Prime Minister of India and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress political party. Deeply impressed and influenced by Mahatma Gandhi (with whom he shared his birthday), he joined the Indian independence movement in the 1920s.
=======================
🙏🏻 *IDIOMS & PHRASES*
=======================
*The elephant in the room’ –* A matter or problem that is obvious of great importance but that is not discussed openly.
=======================
*ANTONYMS*
*Eradicate* × Secure

*SYNONYMS*
*Eradicate* : destroy
=========================
🛕 *VEDIK GYAN*
(kindly inform, if given info is differ from actual facts🙏🏻) =======================
*Durvasa दुर्वासा* : He is known for his short temper. Hence, wherever he went, he was received with great reverence from humans and devas alike.

According to *Brahmanda Purana,* Brahma and Shiva once got into a heated quarrel. So violent was Shiva's rage as a result of this quarrel, that the devas fled from his presence in fear. His consort, Parvati, complained that Shiva was now impossible to live with. Realizing the disharmony his anger had caused, he decided to deposit this anger into Anasuya, the wife of sage Atri. From this portion of Shiva deposited into Anasuya, a child was born, who was named 'Durvasa' (lit. one who is difficult to live with). Because he was born of Shiva's anger, he had an irascible nature.
=======================
🧬 *HEALTH CARE: HOME REMEDIES*🩺
( *Note* : These home tips followed in villages/ancient traditions, it is up to you to use it or not🙏🏻) =======================
*Neem leaf* is used for leprosy, eye disorders, bloody nose, intestinal worms, stomach upset, loss of appetite, skin ulcers, diseases of the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular disease), fever, diabetes, gum disease (gingivitis), and liver problems. The leaf is also used for birth control and to cause abortions.

Wound healer: Make a paste out of the neem leaves and dab it on your wounds or insect bites a few times a day till it heals

*Eye Trouble* : Boil some neem leaves, let the water cool completely and then use it to wash your eyes. This will help any kind of irritation, tiredness or redness.

*Other skin disorders* : Turmeric combined with a paste of neem leaves can also be used for itching, eczema, ring worms and some mild skin diseases.

*Boost immunity* : Crush some neem leaves and take them with a glass of water to increase your immunity
=======================
*Regards*
*CH Nαʋҽҽɳ Kυɱαɾ..*.✒️

÷÷÷÷÷÷ *Samapath*÷÷÷÷÷÷÷

*🙏PLZ SHARE IT WITH YOUR FRNDS🌼*

Men are not born great, their thoughts make them great (Lal Bahadur Shastri) Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose was the first person to call Mahatma Gandhi as the ‘Father of the Nation.’ Later, the Parliament of Independent India officially ...