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PART 6
Narration Change -

4. Narration Change of Optative Sentence -
A sentence that conveys the speaker's wish, prayer is called an Optative Sentence. Usually begins with 'May'.
Use that linker and Optative is change into statement.
5. Narration Change of Exclamatory Sentence -
A sentence that expresses the speaker's sadness, happiness, surprise is called Exclamatory Sentence.
a. Reporting verb is change into exclaimed with joy/ sorrow etc.
b. Exclamatory sentence is change into statement.
c. 'What', 'how' replace with very/ very much/ great.
d. Use that linker.

Thank you.

PART 5

Narration Change -
3. Narration Change of Imperative Sentence -
A sentence that conveys the speaker's command, advice, request, prohibition is called an Imperative Sentence.

a. Reporting verb is change into order, command, beg, request, advice, forbid.
b. To/ not to (when negative) is always used before Verb/ Forbid.
c. Instead of 'please' we can use kindly/ politely/ request/ said/ tell.

Sentence with 'Let'

Proposal VS Prayer
a. Reporting verb is change into Propose or Suggest.
Reporting verb is change into Request or Wish.
b. 'Let' always becomes 'Should' before the reported verb.
'Let' always becomes 'Might' or 'Might be allowed to' before the reported verb.
Q. We said to them, "Let's punish the thief".
Ans. We suggested to them that we should punish the thief.

In case of 'Let'
a. If there is a singular verbal noun or pronoun (such as me/ him/ her/ the boy/ Ram) after Let, then it will be permission.
Q. He said, "let me try".
Ans. He requested me to let him try.
b. If there is a pural pronoun (such as us, them) after Let, then it will be suggestion or proposal.
Q. They said, "let us leave the room".
Ans. They suggested leaving the room.

CONTINUE.....

PART 4
Narration Change -

1. Narration Change of Assertive Sentence -
a. Add 'that' linker after Reporting Verb.
b. There will be no change in tense if it refers to a habit or an eternal truth.
c. If there is say/ said after the reporting verb, it needs to be changed to tell/ told.

2. Narration Change of Interrogative Sentence -
WH question VS Yes/ NO question -
a. Reporting verb is changed into (Ask/ enquire of).
Reporting verb is changed into
into (Ask/ enquire of/ want to know)
b. Wh words remain unchanged.
Ask/ enquire of follows (If/ whether)
c. Question is changed into statement.
Question is changed into statement

Wh Q. He said to her, "what is your name?"
Ans. He asked her what her name was.
Yes/ No Q. Mother said to her, "are you feeling cold?
Ans. Mother enquired of her if she was feeling cold.

Note:
* Never use who as subject and whom as object.
** Never use that linker before wh-word.
*** Never use 'to' after 'ask'.

CONTINUE....

PART 3

Narration Change -

Verb in Direct Speech VS Verb in Indirect Speech
If the part between inverted
commas -
1. Simple Present (S+V1)
Simple Past (S+V2)
2. Present Continuous (is, am, are +V1+ing)
Past Continuous (was, were +V1+ing)
3. Present Perfect (have, has +V3)
Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
4. Present Perfect Continuous (S+has been/ have been+V1+ing)
Past Perfect Continuous
(S+had been+V1+ing)
5. Simple Past (S+V2)
Past Perfect (S+had+V3)
6. Past Continuous (was, were +V1+ing)
Past Perfect Continuous (S+had been+V1+ing)
7. Future (shall/ will)
Past form of Future (should/ would)

**Exceptional Rule:
a. In some tenses (Past Perfect, Past Perfect Continuous, Future Continuous, Future Perfect and Future Perfect Continuous), even if we change them from Active to Passive, they stay the same. They don't change.
Q. He asked me, "Have you finished reading the magazine"?
Ans. He asked me whether I had finished reading the magazine.
b. 'Must' will not change in tense when used in cases of morality, universality etc. Must is usually used for the Present and Future Tense, not for the Past Tense.
c. In Reported Speech, if both events are in the Past Continuous, there will be no changes in tense.
Q. She said, "The cat was running and the dog was chasing it"
Ans. She said that the cat was running and the dog was chasing it.
d. In addition, Reported Speech in the Past Tense dose not change the tense even if it refers to time or period.
Q. He said, "I worked in Delhi for two years".
Ans. He said that he worked in Delhi for two years.

CONTINUE....

PART 2

Narration Change -

4. Change of Time and Place in Indirect Speech -
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
Now Then
Ago Before
Today That Day
Tomorrow The next day/ the day after
To Night That Night
Yesterday The Previous day/ the day before
Last Night The previous night
Come Go
Here There
This That

5. Change the Tense in Indirect Speech -
a. Indirect Speech remain same when 'Reporting Verb' is Present/ Future Tense
Q. He says, "I am reading English"
Ans. He says that he is reading English.
Q. He will say, "I am busy"
Ans. He will say that he is busy.
b. When 'Reporting Verb' is the Past Tense then Indirect Speech (between inverted comma) undergoes a major change.
Q. He said "I am ill"
Ans. He said that he was ill.

CONTINUE....

PART 1 -

Narration Change:

Direct Speech - 3 Parts
Speaker Reporting Verb Direct Speech
Ram said "I am very busy"

Indirect Speech - 4 Parts
Reporter Reporting Verb Linker Reported Speech
Ram said that he was very busy.

Rules for Direct to Indirect Narration -
1. Add 'that' linker before Indirect Reported Speech.
2. Omit 'Inverted Comma' and 'Comma'.
3. Change the Pronoun based on sentence meaning.
Change of Pronoun:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
I/ You He/ She
We/ You They
Me/ You Him/ Her
Us/ You Them
My/ Your His/ Her
Our/ Your Their
Magazine/ Newspapers It/ Its
etc.

**Exceptional Rule: If 'We' use for eternal purpose, then Pronoun will be the same in Indirect Speech.
Q. They said "we breathe in Oxygen"
Ans. They said that we breathe in Oxygen.

CONTINUE.....
Part 2 coming soon.....

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