27/11/2025
TRANSPORT RAILWAY – 1st Railway line opened – 16 April 1853 (Between Mumbai & Thane) States with longest route of Railway :- U.P. > Rajasthan > Maharashtra > Gujrat Railway gauges : Broad Gauge (1.676 m Meter Gauge (1.00 m) Narrow Gauge (0.672 m) Sperial Gauge (0.610 m) Coverage (2002 – 03) Broad gauge (72.2%) > Meter gauge (22.75%) > Narrow G (4.9%) Railway zones : 1. Central – Mumbai (HQ) 2. East Central – Hajipur (HQ) 3. N. Central – East Coast – Bhubaneshwar (HQ) 4. Eastern – Kolkata (HQ) 5. N. Central – Allahabad (HQ) 6. N. Eastern – Gorakhpur (HQ) 7. N. Western – Jaipur (HQ) 8. N E Frontier – Guwahati (HQ) 9. Northern – Delhi (HQ) 10. S. Central – Sikandarabad (HQ) 11. S.E. Central – Bilaspur (HQ) 12. S. Eastern – Kolkata (HQ) 13. S. Western – Hubli (HQ) 14. Southern – Chennai (HQ) 15. W. Central – Jabalpur (HQ) 16. Western – Mumbai (HQ) 17. Kolkata Metro – Kolkata (HQ) Kolkata Metro is lead by General manager who report directly to Railway Board. Norther Railway zone has longest route. Konkan Railway – is run by a separate corporation and it runs from Manglore – Roha (South of Mumbai), 4 states involved – Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala. It has fastest tracks (760 km). Vivek Express – (No.-15406) is longest running train in India & 8th longest in World. It runs from Dibrugarh (Assam) to Kanya Kumari (4286 km). It was announced by Ex-Railway Minister Mamta Banarjee to commemorate 150th Birth Anniversary of Swami Vivekanand. Earlier, Himsagar Express was longest running train. ROADWAYS : States with longest surfaced roads – Maharashtra > U.P. >T.N. > Gujarat > Andhra Pradesh Statewise National Highways – U.P. > Rajasthan > M.P. > Andhra Pradesh > Tamil Nadu Important National Highways – NH1 – New Delhi – Ambala – Jalandhar – Amritsar NH2 – New Delhi – Agra – Kanpur – Allahabad – Varanasi – Kolkata. NH4 – Thane – Madras NH5 – Kolkata – Chennai NH8 – Delhi – Mumbai NH7 – Varanasi – Kanyakumari (longest NH) NH24 – Delhi – Bareilly – Lucknow At present India has 5 express Highways. They are (1) Western (2) Eastern (3) Between Kolkata & Dumdum (4) Between Sukinda Mines & Paradeep (5) Between Durgapur & Kolkata India’s road Network is 3rd largest in the world. NHAI : National Highways Authority of India. It was constituted in 1988. It is responsible for development & maintenance of NH. Super National Highways – Golden Quadrilateral – connecting 4 Metros. North South Corridor – Kanyakumari to Srinagar East west Corridor – Silchar to Porbandar NH17 – along west coast World’s highest motorable Road – Manali – Leh (through Baralacha par) AIR WAYS - Air transport was started in 1911 (India) between Allahabad & Naini. AAI (Airport Authority of India) established in 1995 by merger of International Airport Authority of India & National Airport Authority. It manages 124 airports : 11- International, 85 – Domestic & 28 – Civil Enclaves in Defence Field. Major International Airports (India) – Amritsar – Raja Qansi Delhi – Indira Gandhi International Airport Kolkata – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Airport Hyderabad – Rajiv Gandhi Airport Chennai – Meenam Bakkam Airport Tiruvananthpuram – Nedimbacherry Rest International Airports are in – Guwahati, Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Goa, Bengaluru & Cochin. WATER WAYS : Provides only 1% of total transport in India. Navigable length in India (14500 km) U.P. > West Bengal > Andhra Pradesh > Assam > Kerala Major Ports : Cochin (Kerala), Jawaharlal Nehru (Maharashtra), Kandla (Gujarat), Mormugao (Goa), New Manglore (Karnataka), Mumbai, Kolkata, Paradip (Orissa), Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Tuticorin (TN), Enhore (TN), Port Blair (Andaman).
