Online Nursing Exam Prepration by Yogesh Sharma

Dialysis Nurses:
Required GNM or BSc Nurses to Saudi.
Interview on 1st week of May for shortlisted candidates.
Salary 5500 SAR TO 7500 SAR
Free food and accommodation+ yearly paid leave.
Qualifications: Min 2 years recent experience as Dialysis Nurse.
Location: Saudi Arabia- all locations.
Eligible candidates may send your CV and relevant documents to [email protected]
Contact 9847877774 for more information.

Dear friends please attend the lecture on Body fluids

Body fluids (Nursing Science By Tarun Saini) basics of body fluids

1.Ampicillin- Hypersensitivity
2. Amphotericin.B- Nephrotoxicity
3. Androgen- Virilization
4. Antipsychotics- Sedation, Orthostatic hypotension, Tardive dyskinesia
5. Anti- TB- Hepatotoxicity
6. Aspirin (cox-I Inhibitors)- Hepatotoxicity
7. ACE Inhibitors- Dry Cough
8. Atropine – Dryness of mouth, Blurred vision, Constipation
9. Chlorambucil- Alopecia
10.Celecoxib,Valdecoxib (cox-II Inhibitors)-cardio and Hepatotoxicity
11.Chloroquine – Phototoxicity
12.Chloramphenicol- Grey baby syndrome, Bone marrow depression
13. Ciprofloxacin – Phototoxicity
14. Clofazimine- Pigmentation of skin, Discoloration of Urine
15. Clozapine – Agranulocytosis
16. Erythromyicin- Cholestatic Juandice
17. Ethambutol – Optic Neuritis, Retrobulbular Neuritis
18. Hydrochlorthiazide- Hypokalamia
19. Isoniazid – Peripheral Neurtis
20. Metronidazole- Disulfiram like reaction
21. Minoxidil- Hirsutism
22. Morphine- Constipation
23. Nimesulide – Hepatotoxicity
24. Nitrogen Mustard- Bone marrow depression
25. Nitroglycerin- Palpitation
26. Penicillin. G- Jarisch Heximer Reaction
27. Phenformin- Lactic acidosis, GI disturbance, Metalic taste
28. Phenytoin- Hirsutism
29. Quinidine- Cinchonism
30. Quinine Sulphate- Black Water Fever
31. Repaglinide- Althralgia
32. Rosaglitazone- Anemia,Weight gain
33. Sitagliptin- Coldness
34. Spironolactone- Hyperkalamia
35. Cimetidine- Gynacomastia
37. Sulfonyl Ureas derivatives- Bone marrow depression
38. Terfenadine- Type-I arrhythmia
39. Tetracyclines- Discoloration of teeth
40. Thalidomide- Phocomelia

****Clear Handy Points*****)

• Trisomy 21 = Down syndrome. (Age for Drinking is 21)
• Trisomy 13 = Patau syndrome.(Age for Puberty in females is 13)
• Trisomy 18 = Edward syndrome.(Age for voting in Election is 18)
• Increased alpha feto protein plus increased albumin = Anencephaly.
• Vitamin A prevents squamous cell carcinoma.
• Right border of heart is made by right atrium.
• Trephine biopsy Indicates = aplastic anemia > ALL.
• In anesthesia halothane is always given with Nitric oxide.
• Most diagnostic test for TB = PCR > AFB > Caseous.
• Down syndrome occurs 1/100.
• Common ge***al vesicle is herpes simplex virus.
• Inferior orbital fissure contents are maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, inferior ophthalmic vein and sympathetic nerves and this fissure communicates with pterygo palatine fossa.
• Superior orbital fissure communicates with middle cranial fossa and it transmits lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, abducent nerve, nasociliary nerve and superior ophthalmic vein.
• Thyroid is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretions outside the cell.
• Sensations from the tip of nose are carried by ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve.
• Tensor tympani is supplied by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
• Stapedius is supplied by facial nerve.
• Nucleus raphe synthesize serotonin.
• Locus Ceruleus = Nor epinephrine.
• At term CRL = 36 cm and CHL = 50 cm.
• CRL used b/w 7 - 14 weeks.
• BPD is used 16 - 30 weeks.
• S***m life in ge***al tract is 24 to 48 hours.
• 2nd most common cause of osteoporosis in old age is Cushing syndrome.
• Prenatal chromosome is detected at 14 -18 weeks.
• Bronchial asthma plus hypertensive patient > Best drug Verapamil.
• Aphasia and facial nerve palsy > damage to middle meningeal artery.
• Diabetic plus hypertensive patient > Best drug Captopril.
• Inferior wall MI > Right marginal artery block.
• Epidermis of partoid gland is derived from ectoderm.
• To kill spores of surgical instrument > moist heat at 160 C for 1 hr.
• Food poisoning caused by Staph. Aureus is through entertoxin.
• Least positive value for Widal is 1:120.
• Trigeminal ganglion is completely covered by dura.
• Tactile sensation is carried by dorsal white column to medial leminiscus.
• Anti HBcAg = positive window period.
• MAP = diastolic +1/3 pulse pressure.
• Insulin secretion is inhibited by beta blocker.
• Highest triglyceride = VLDL.
• Highest cholesterol = LDL.
• Highest lipoprotein = HDL.
• Which is not a phospholipid = Plasmalogen.
• Best way to check bone density is the scan of spine.
• End break down of glucose is pyruvate.
• In pre eclamptic patient hydralazine is the drug of choice before surgery.
• In down syndrome: Triple test (alpha feto protein is decreased, b-HCG is increased and estriol is decreased) and if we add up inhibin which is increased then it will be called as Quadruple test.
• Identification of turner syndrome is by barr bodies.
• PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase) is a tumor marker in seminoma and ovarian carcinoma.
• Tubo ovarian abscess by IUCD - most causative agent is Actinomycosis.
• Major intracellular buffer is Hb.
• DVT more common in popliteal vein but pulmonary embolism is through femoral veins.
• Investigation of DIC D-dimers, FDPs, Platelet count and PT (except clotting time).
• Referred pain: Cervix S2-S3 O***y -T10-T11 Te**is -T10 Umbilicus -T10 Kidney T12-L2.
• Trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole ) side effect > megaloblastic anemia plus leukopenia.
• Sacrospinous ligament does NOT contribute in wall of perineum.
• Lesser omentum connects with duodenum.
• Sphincteric urethra is known as external urethral sphincter and is supplied by pudendal nerves where as internal os is supplied by inferior hypo gastric plexus.
• Nerve supply of re**um is hypogastric plexus.
• Uterine tube is 10 cm long.
• Urachal cyst is the remanant of allantois.
• Thyroid gland is derived from endoderm.
• Thymus and inferior parathyroid develops from 3rd branchial pouch.
• Superior para thyroid is developed from 4th brachial pouch.
• Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to absence of pleuro peritoneal membrane.
• Superior thyroid artery is related to external laryngeal nerve which supplies posterior cricothyroid muscle of larynx and damage to it will cause hoarseness.
• Inferior thyroid artery is also related to recurrent laryngeal nerve which runs b/w trachea and esophagus and its most common injury is in thyroidectomy.
• In papillary carcinoma of thyroid > it occurs in young age and involves cervical lymph nodes.
• Tracheostomy is done at 2nd tracheal ring by pulling the isthmus inferiorly.
• Nonfunctional nodule or cold nodule has high chances of malignant transformation.
• Erythropoiesis in middle trimester is in the liver.
• Right coronary artery supplies SA node.
• Levator ani muscle is supplied by L2, L3 & L4.
• Defect in Bulbus Cordis results in VSD, hypertrophy of Right ventricle, conge***al cyanosis, transposition of great vessels (but not ASD).
Endocardial cushion is important for the formation of four chambers of heart.
• Thirst is least stimulated by blood pressure.
• Important hormone involved in gluconeogenesis is Cortisol.
• Apoptosis is inhibited by bcl-2 inhibition.
• Low serum complement in SLE.
C3b & IgG are Opsonins & C5a is chemotactic protein.
• Urea is an important indicator for muscle protein loss.
ESR is decreased when albumin is increased.
• Drug which does not cause gynecomastia is Androgen & drugs which cause gynecomastia are Digoxin, Girsoefulvin, Cimetidine, Androgens, Spironolactone and Ketoconazole.
Tx of hirstuism is Cyproterone Acetate.
• Pyruvic acid is intermediate from glucose to acetyl coA.
Epinephrine .nor epinephrine & dopamine are derived from tyrosine.
End product of Purine is Uric acid.
RBCs have glycolytic enzyme activity.
End product of glucose gives 2 Pyruvate.
Alanine should be taken in diet.
• Cisplatin is more notorious to cause renal toxicity.
• Dysplasia is seen in epithelia.
• MRNA has a codon.
• HSV is associated with vulvar papules.
• Wart on the lateral wall of introitus it is caused by HPV.
Plaque like lesion on posterior superior wall of va**na is squamous cell carcinoma.
• German Measles causes Conge***al Cataract.
Anterior abdominal wall swelling with umbilical cord attached to it in a new born baby is known as Omphalocele.
• Beta-lactam acts on the Cell Wall.
• Streptomycin causes ototoxity.
Isoniazid > Hepatotoxicity.
Pyrazinamide > Gout.
Rifampicin > red color of body secretions.
• Opportunistic organism > E. Coli.
Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by C. difficile.
Most common organism involved in gynecological & abdominal procedures is E.coli.
• Vulvular itching = Chlamydia; fish like smell; Bacterial Vaginosis.
• Vitamin K dependent: Factors 2, 7,9,10, Protein C, Protein S, Fibrinogen and Prothrombin.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of coagulation converge at factor 10.
• Threonine does not contain Sulfa group.
• Autosomal dominant is hereditary Spherocytosis & Poly cystic kidney disease.
• Lens opacity causing drugs >Chlorpromazine, Amidarone, Tamoxifen, Gold & Iron toxicity.
Drugs causing corneal opacity > Amiodarone, Chloroquine, Mepacrine & Copper.
• Ribosome have purple color on Eosin & Methylene blue staining
High energy content > Starch.
High energy compound > ATP
Antidote of warfarin is vitamin K but if action is more quickly required then FFP.
• Olfactory cells are the only neurons in the body that regenerates.
• Projectile vomiting greenish in color means bilious vomiting so it is due to duodenal atresia but if projectile vomiting non bilious then it is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
• Pulmonary trunk relation with the bronchus at the hilum of the lung-mnemonic is RALSR- Right Anterior & Left Superior.
• Rhino sinusitis is caused by Strep Pneumonia, H. Influenza, M Catarrahalis.
• Homan’s sign is present in DVT in which if you dorsiflex the foot there will be pain in calf muscles.
• Classic triad of Pulmonary Embolism: -
-Neurological manifestations.
-Petechial rash.
-Hypoxemia.
• Nitrogen bubbled precipitator in ascending divers and can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen.
• CT pulmonary angiography is the best test to detect Pulmonary Embolism.
• The most common infectious agent transmitted by blood transfusion is cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is present in donor lymphocytes.
• Before blood is transfused into newborns or patients with T-cell deficiencies, it must be irradiated to kill donor lymphocytes. This prevents the patient from developing a graft-versus-host reaction or a CMV infection.
• Yersinia enterocolitica, a pathogen that thrives on iron, is the most common contaminant of stored blood.
• Iron is stored in bone macrophages.
• Structures passing thru superior orbital fissure....
NOT-FAL
NASOCILLIARYOPTHALIMIC VEINTROCHLEARFRONTAL
ABDUCENTLACRIMAL
• Cranial Nerve Foramina
CN I passes through > cribriform plate
CN II > optic canal
CN III, IV, VI (ophthalmic division), VI > superior orbital fissure
(Maxillary div > foramen rotundum, mandibular div > foramen ovale)
CN VII, VIII > internal acoustic meatus
CN IX, X, XI(cranial root) > Jugular foramen (accessory nerve spinal root >foramen magnum)
CN XII > hypoglossal canal.****Clear Handy Points*****)

• Trisomy 21 = Down syndrome. (Age for Drinking is 21)
• Trisomy 13 = Patau syndrome.(Age for Puberty in females is 13)
• Trisomy 18 = Edward syndrome.(Age for voting in Election is 18)
• Increased alpha feto protein plus increased albumin = Anencephaly.
• Vitamin A prevents squamous cell carcinoma.
• Right border of heart is made by right atrium.
• Trephine biopsy Indicates = aplastic anemia > ALL.
• In anesthesia halothane is always given with Nitric oxide.
• Most diagnostic test for TB = PCR > AFB > Caseous.
• Down syndrome occurs 1/100.
• Common ge***al vesicle is herpes simplex virus.
• Inferior orbital fissure contents are maxillary nerve and its zygomatic branch, inferior ophthalmic vein and sympathetic nerves and this fissure communicates with pterygo palatine fossa.
• Superior orbital fissure communicates with middle cranial fossa and it transmits lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, oculomotor nerve, abducent nerve, nasociliary nerve and superior ophthalmic vein.
• Thyroid is the only endocrine gland that stores its secretions outside the cell.
• Sensations from the tip of nose are carried by ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve.
• Tensor tympani is supplied by mandibular division of trigeminal nerve.
• Stapedius is supplied by facial nerve.
• Nucleus raphe synthesize serotonin.
• Locus Ceruleus = Nor epinephrine.
• At term CRL = 36 cm and CHL = 50 cm.
• CRL used b/w 7 - 14 weeks.
• BPD is used 16 - 30 weeks.
• S***m life in ge***al tract is 24 to 48 hours.
• 2nd most common cause of osteoporosis in old age is Cushing syndrome.
• Prenatal chromosome is detected at 14 -18 weeks.
• Bronchial asthma plus hypertensive patient > Best drug Verapamil.
• Aphasia and facial nerve palsy > damage to middle meningeal artery.
• Diabetic plus hypertensive patient > Best drug Captopril.
• Inferior wall MI > Right marginal artery block.
• Epidermis of partoid gland is derived from ectoderm.
• To kill spores of surgical instrument > moist heat at 160 C for 1 hr.
• Food poisoning caused by Staph. Aureus is through entertoxin.
• Least positive value for Widal is 1:120.
• Trigeminal ganglion is completely covered by dura.
• Tactile sensation is carried by dorsal white column to medial leminiscus.
• Anti HBcAg = positive window period.
• MAP = diastolic +1/3 pulse pressure.
• Insulin secretion is inhibited by beta blocker.
• Highest triglyceride = VLDL.
• Highest cholesterol = LDL.
• Highest lipoprotein = HDL.
• Which is not a phospholipid = Plasmalogen.
• Best way to check bone density is the scan of spine.
• End break down of glucose is pyruvate.
• In pre eclamptic patient hydralazine is the drug of choice before surgery.
• In down syndrome: Triple test (alpha feto protein is decreased, b-HCG is increased and estriol is decreased) and if we add up inhibin which is increased then it will be called as Quadruple test.
• Identification of turner syndrome is by barr bodies.
• PLAP (Placental Alkaline Phosphatase) is a tumor marker in seminoma and ovarian carcinoma.
• Tubo ovarian abscess by IUCD - most causative agent is Actinomycosis.
• Major intracellular buffer is Hb.
• DVT more common in popliteal vein but pulmonary embolism is through femoral veins.
• Investigation of DIC D-dimers, FDPs, Platelet count and PT (except clotting time).
• Referred pain: Cervix S2-S3 O***y -T10-T11 Te**is -T10 Umbilicus -T10 Kidney T12-L2.
• Trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole ) side effect > megaloblastic anemia plus leukopenia.
• Sacrospinous ligament does NOT contribute in wall of perineum.
• Lesser omentum connects with duodenum.
• Sphincteric urethra is known as external urethral sphincter and is supplied by pudendal nerves where as internal os is supplied by inferior hypo gastric plexus.
• Nerve supply of re**um is hypogastric plexus.
• Uterine tube is 10 cm long.
• Urachal cyst is the remanant of allantois.
• Thyroid gland is derived from endoderm.
• Thymus and inferior parathyroid develops from 3rd branchial pouch.
• Superior para thyroid is developed from 4th brachial pouch.
• Diaphragmatic hernia occurs due to absence of pleuro peritoneal membrane.
• Superior thyroid artery is related to external laryngeal nerve which supplies posterior cricothyroid muscle of larynx and damage to it will cause hoarseness.
• Inferior thyroid artery is also related to recurrent laryngeal nerve which runs b/w trachea and esophagus and its most common injury is in thyroidectomy.
• In papillary carcinoma of thyroid > it occurs in young age and involves cervical lymph nodes.
• Tracheostomy is done at 2nd tracheal ring by pulling the isthmus inferiorly.
• Nonfunctional nodule or cold nodule has high chances of malignant transformation.
• Erythropoiesis in middle trimester is in the liver.
• Right coronary artery supplies SA node.
• Levator ani muscle is supplied by L2, L3 & L4.
• Defect in Bulbus Cordis results in VSD, hypertrophy of Right ventricle, conge***al cyanosis, transposition of great vessels (but not ASD).
Endocardial cushion is important for the formation of four chambers of heart.
• Thirst is least stimulated by blood pressure.
• Important hormone involved in gluconeogenesis is Cortisol.
• Apoptosis is inhibited by bcl-2 inhibition.
• Low serum complement in SLE.
C3b & IgG are Opsonins & C5a is chemotactic protein.
• Urea is an important indicator for muscle protein loss.
ESR is decreased when albumin is increased.
• Drug which does not cause gynecomastia is Androgen & drugs which cause gynecomastia are Digoxin, Girsoefulvin, Cimetidine, Androgens, Spironolactone and Ketoconazole.
Tx of hirstuism is Cyproterone Acetate.
• Pyruvic acid is intermediate from glucose to acetyl coA.
Epinephrine .nor epinephrine & dopamine are derived from tyrosine.
End product of Purine is Uric acid.
RBCs have glycolytic enzyme activity.
End product of glucose gives 2 Pyruvate.
Alanine should be taken in diet.
• Cisplatin is more notorious to cause renal toxicity.
• Dysplasia is seen in epithelia.
• MRNA has a codon.
• HSV is associated with vulvar papules.
• Wart on the lateral wall of introitus it is caused by HPV.
Plaque like lesion on posterior superior wall of va**na is squamous cell carcinoma.
• German Measles causes Conge***al Cataract.
Anterior abdominal wall swelling with umbilical cord attached to it in a new born baby is known as Omphalocele.
• Beta-lactam acts on the Cell Wall.
• Streptomycin causes ototoxity.
Isoniazid > Hepatotoxicity.
Pyrazinamide > Gout.
Rifampicin > red color of body secretions.
• Opportunistic organism > E. Coli.
Pseudomembranous colitis is caused by C. difficile.
Most common organism involved in gynecological & abdominal procedures is E.coli.
• Vulvular itching = Chlamydia; fish like smell; Bacterial Vaginosis.
• Vitamin K dependent: Factors 2, 7,9,10, Protein C, Protein S, Fibrinogen and Prothrombin.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic pathways of coagulation converge at factor 10.
• Threonine does not contain Sulfa group.
• Autosomal dominant is hereditary Spherocytosis & Poly cystic kidney disease.
• Lens opacity causing drugs >Chlorpromazine, Amidarone, Tamoxifen, Gold & Iron toxicity.
Drugs causing corneal opacity > Amiodarone, Chloroquine, Mepacrine & Copper.
• Ribosome have purple color on Eosin & Methylene blue staining
High energy content > Starch.
High energy compound > ATP
Antidote of warfarin is vitamin K but if action is more quickly required then FFP.
• Olfactory cells are the only neurons in the body that regenerates.
• Projectile vomiting greenish in color means bilious vomiting so it is due to duodenal atresia but if projectile vomiting non bilious then it is hypertrophic pyloric stenosis.
• Pulmonary trunk relation with the bronchus at the hilum of the lung-mnemonic is RALSR- Right Anterior & Left Superior.
• Rhino sinusitis is caused by Strep Pneumonia, H. Influenza, M Catarrahalis.
• Homan’s sign is present in DVT in which if you dorsiflex the foot there will be pain in calf muscles.
• Classic triad of Pulmonary Embolism: -
-Neurological manifestations.
-Petechial rash.
-Hypoxemia.
• Nitrogen bubbled precipitator in ascending divers and can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen.
• CT pulmonary angiography is the best test to detect Pulmonary Embolism.
• The most common infectious agent transmitted by blood transfusion is cytomegalovirus (CMV), which is present in donor lymphocytes.
• Before blood is transfused into newborns or patients with T-cell deficiencies, it must be irradiated to kill donor lymphocytes. This prevents the patient from developing a graft-versus-host reaction or a CMV infection.
• Yersinia enterocolitica, a pathogen that thrives on iron, is the most common contaminant of stored blood.
• Iron is stored in bone macrophages.
• Structures passing thru superior orbital fissure....
NOT-FAL
NASOCILLIARYOPTHALIMIC VEINTROCHLEARFRONTAL
ABDUCENTLACRIMAL
• Cranial Nerve Foramina
CN I passes through > cribriform plate
CN II > optic canal
CN III, IV, VI (ophthalmic division), VI > superior orbital fissure
(Maxillary div > foramen rotundum, mandibular div > foramen ovale)
CN VII, VIII > internal acoustic meatus
CN IX, X, XI(cranial root) > Jugular foramen (accessory nerve spinal root >foramen magnum)
CN XII > hypoglossal canal.

Microbiology .........!!!!!!!

Ascetic tap - E.coli
Peritonitis - E.coli.
Pyogenic peritonitis - Bacteroids.
Puerperal sepsis - Bacteroids.
P.O abdominal and gynaecological infection - Bacteroids.
Abscess - S.Aureus.
Acute osteomyelitis - S.Aureus.
Toxic shock syndrome - S.Aureus.
Wound infection - S.Aureus > Pseudomona.
Hospital acquired pneumonia - S.Aureus.
Septic meningitis - Streptococcus.
Initiation of dental caries - Streptococcus.
Pyogenic lung abscess + Meningitis - Staphylococcus.
Subacute bacterial endocarditis - S.viridians.
Prosthetic valve endocarditis - S.epidermidis.
Cellulitis - S.pyogenes.
Multiple draining sinuses - Actinomyces.
IUCD infection - Actinomycosis.
Trachoma - Chlamydia.
Pelvic inflammatory disease - Chlamydia.
Lymphogranuloma venereum - Chlamydia.
Pseudomembranous colitis - C.Difficile.
Gas gangrene - C.Perfringes / C.Welchii.
Fatal diarrhea - V.Cholrea.
Tubulo ovarian cyst - Gonococcus.
Abscess - S.Aureus.
Acute osteomyelitis - S.Aureus.
Toxic shock syndrome - S.Aureus.
Wound infection - S.A
Valvular itching + Pink purulent discharge - Trichomanas vaginilis.
Infection in post liver transplant patient - CMV.
Chorioretinitis in AIDS - CMV.
Bronchogenic carcinoma - CMV.
Herpangia - Coxsakie virus.
Hand foot and mouth disease - Coxsakie virus
Lymphoma in AIDS - EBV.
Burkitt lymphoma - EBV.
Non hodgkin lymphoma - EBV.
Hairy tongue - EBV.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - EBV.
Infectious mononucleosis - EBV.
Kaposi sarcoma - HHV8.
Cervical cancer - HPV 16.
Vulval papules - HSV.
Meningo-encephalitis - Echovirus.
Meningitis in AIDS - Cryptococcus neoformans.
Black water fever - Plasmodium falciparum.
Cysticercosis - Taenia solium.
Cyst in liver - Teania echinococcus.
SCC of bladder - Schistosomiasis.
Cholangio carcinoma - Clonorchis Sinensis.
Migratory lesion of foot - Cutaneous larva migrans.
Toxoplasmosis - Cat

1. Which is known as ‘River of Life’?
Answer: Blood

2. Blood circulation was discovered by?
Answer: William Harvey

3. The total blood volume in an adult?
Answer: 5-6 Litres

4. The pH value of Human blood?
Answer: 7.35-7.45

5. The normal blood cholesterol level?
Answer: 150-250 mg/100 ml

6. The fluid part of blood?
Answer: Plasma

7. Plasma protein fibrinogen has an active role in?
Answer: Clotting of blood.

8. Plasma protein globulins functions as?
Answer: Antibodies

9. Plasma proteins maintain the blood pH?
Answer: Albumins

10. Biconcave discs shaped blood cell?
Answer: RBC (Erythrocytes)

11. Non nucleated blood cell?
Answer: RBC (Erythrocytes)

12. Respiratory pigments present in RBC?
Answer: Haemoglobin

13. Red pigment present in RBC?
Answer: Haemoglobin

14. RBC produced in the?
Answer: Bone marrow

15. Iron containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
Answer: Haem

16. Protein containing pigment of Haemoglobin?
Answer: Globin

17. Graveyard of RBC?
Answer: Spleen

18. Blood bank in the body?
Answer: Spleen

19. Life span of RBC?
Answer: 120 Days

20. Total count is measured by an instrument known as?
Answer: Haemocytometer

21. A decrease in RBC count is known as?
Answer: Anemia

22. An increase in RBC count is known as?
Answer: Polycythemia

23. A high concentration of bilirubin in the blood causes?
Answer: Jaundice

24. The disease resistant blood cell?
Answer: WBC (leucocytes)

25. Which WBC is known as soldiers of the body?
Answer: Neutrophils

26. Largest WBC?
Answer: Monocyes

27. Smallest WBC?
Answer: Lymphocytes

28. Antibodies producing WBC?
Answer: Lymphocytes

29. Life span of WBC?
Answer: 10-15 days

30. Blood cell performs an important role in blood clotting?
Answer: Thrombocytes (Platelets)

31. Vessels is called?
Answer: Thrombus

32. Anticoagulant present in Blood?
Answer: Heparin

33. A hereditary bleeding disease?
Answer: Haemophilia

34. Bleeder’s disease?
Answer: Haemophilia

35. Christmas disease?
Answer: Haemophilia

36. A type of Anemia with sickle shaped RBC?
Answer: Sickle cell anemia

37. Viscosity of Blood?
Answer: 4.5 to 5.5

38. Instrument used to measure haemoglobin?
Answer: Haemoglobinometer

39. Who demonstrated blood groups?
Answer: Karl Landsteiner

40. Who demonstrated Rh factor?
Answer: Karl Landsteiner

41. Blood group which is called Universal donor?
Answer: O

42. Blood group which is called Universal recipient?
Answer: AB

43. Blood group is most common among the Asians?
Ans.B

*Common Signs and Symptoms:-*

*Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) :*
_Low Grade Afternoon Fever._

*Pneumonia :*
_Rust Coloured Sputum._

*Asthma :*
_Wheezing on Expiration._

*Emphysema :*
_Barrel Chest._

*Kawasaki Syndrome :*
_Strawberry Tongue._

*Pernicious Anemia :*
_Red Beefy Tongue._

*Down Syndrome :*
_Protruding Tongue._

*Cholera :*
_Rice-Watery Stool and washer woman’s hands (wrinkled hands from dehydration)._

*Malaria :*
_Stepladder like Fever with Chills._

*Typhoid :*
_Rose spots on the abdomen._

*Dengue :*
_Fever, Rash, and headache. Positive Herman’s Sign (Macular or Measles-like Rash on the palms and spreads up the arms, body and legs. Fades slowly and followed by branny desquamation of the skin.)_

*Diphtheria :*
_Pseudomembrane formation._

*Measles :*
_Koplik’s Spots (clustered white lesions on buccal mucosa)._

*Systemic Lupus Erythematosus :*
_Butterfly Rash._

*Leprosy :*
_Leonine Facies (thickened folded facial skin)._

*Bulimia :*
_Chipmunk Facies (parotid gland swelling)._

*Appendicitis :*
_Rebound tenderness at McBurney’s point._
_Rovsing’s Sign (palpation of LLQ elicits pain in RLQ)._
_Psoas Sign (pain from flexing the thigh to the hip)._

*Meningitis :*
_Kernig’s Sign (stiffness of hamstrings causing inability to straighten the leg when the hip is flexed to 90 degrees)._
_Brudzinski’s Sign (forced flexion of the neck elicits a reflex flexion of the hips)._

*Tetany :*
_Hypocalcaemia._
_Trousseau’s Sign. (blood pressure cuff is placed around the arm and inflated to a pressure greater than the systolic blood pressure and held in place for 3 minutes. This will occlude the brachial artery. In the absence of blood flow, the patient's hypocalcemia and subsequent neuromuscular irritability will induce spasm of the muscles of the hand and forearm. The wrist and metacarpophalangeal joints flex, the DIP and PIP joints extend, and the fingers adduct. The sign is also known as main d'accoucheur(French for "hand of the obstetrician") because it supposedly resembles the position of an obstetrician's hand in delivering a baby._
_Chvostek Sign. (When the facial nerve is tapped in front of tragus the facial muscles on the same side of the face will contract momentarily (typically a twitch of the nose or lips)._

*Tetanus :*
_Risus Sardonicus or Rictus Grin. (abnormal, sustained spasm of the facial muscles that appears to produce grinning)_

*Pancreatitis :*
_Cullen’s Sign (Ecchymosis of the Umbilicus)._
_Grey Turner’s Sign (Bruising of the Flank)._

*Pyloric Stenosis :*
_Olive like Mass._

*Patent Ductus Arteriosus :*
_Washing Machine - like Murmur._

*Addison’s Disease :*
_Bronzelike Skin Pigmentation._

*Cushing’s Syndrome :*
_Moon Face Appearance and Buffalo Hump._

*Grave’s Disease :*
_Exophthalmos (Bulging of the Eye out of the Orbit)._

*Intussusception :*
_Sausage - Shaped Mass._

*Multiple Sclerosis :*
_Charcot’s Triad : Nystagmus, Intention Tremor, and Dysarthria._

*Myasthenia Gravis :*
_Escending Muscle Weakness, Ptosis (Drooping of Eyelids)._

*Guillain - Barre Syndrome :*
_Ascending Muscles Weakness._

*Angina :*
_Crushing, Stabbing pain relieved by NTG._

*Myocardial Infarction (MI) :*
_Crushing, Stabbing pain Radiating to Left Shoulder, Neck, and Arms, Unrelieved by NTG._

*Parkinson’s Disease :*
_Pill - Rolling Tremors._

*Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection :*
_Owl’s Eye Appearance of Cells (Huge Nucleus in Cells)._

*Glaucoma :*
_Tunnel Vision._

*Retinal Detachment :*
_Flashes of Light, Shadow with Curtain across Vision._

*Basilar Skull Fracture :*
_Raccoon Eyes (Periorbital Ecchymosis)._
_Battle’s Sign (Mastoid Ecchymosis)._

*Buerger’s Disease :*
_Intermittent Claudication (Pain at Buttocks or Legs from Poor Circulation Resulting in Impaired Walking)._

*Diabetic Keto Acidosis :*
_Acetone Breathe._

*Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (PIH) :*
_Proteinuria, Hypertension, Edema._

*Diabetes Mellis :*
_Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Polyuria._

*Hirschsprung’s Disease (Toxic Megacolon) :*
_Ribbon - Like Stool._

*_Sexual Transmitted Infections :_*

*Herpes Simplex Type II :*
_Painful Vesicles on Ge***alia._

*Ge***al Warts :*
_Warts 1-2mm in Diameter._

*Syphilis :*
_Painless Chancres._

*Chancroid :*
_Painful chancres._

*Gonorrhea :*
_Green, Creamy Discharges and Painful Urination._

*Chlamydia :*
_Milky Discharge and Painful Urination._

*Candidiasis :*
_White Cheesy Odorless Va**nal Discharges._

By # # 9887485275

...
1. PAP smear - cervical cancer
2. Serum amylase - pancreas
3. Painful menstruation - Dysmenorrhoea
4. Natural method of FP - colender method
5. Longest portion of FT - Ampulla
6. Killed vaccine except - BCG
7. >100 pulse rate - tachycardia
8. Drug in anaphylaxis - adrenaline
9. TB spread by - droplet
10. Uterus above symphysis - 14 wk
11. Hydrocele - sc***um
12. Decrease platelets in - dangue fever
13. B.P. - sphignomenometer
14. Male s*x hormone - testosterone
15. Myopia - concave lense
16. Duration of pregnancy - 280 days
17. Ripeness of cervix - Bishop score
18. Chief regulator of immune cell - Heller T
cell
19. Hydronephrosis - Dilatation of kidney
20. Isotonic - 0.9%
21. PPH - >500ml
22. Dangue - Adese species
23. M/C/C of blindness in India - cataract
24. Central incisior - 6 month
25. Pulse rate increase in sleeping -
Hyperthyroidism
26. Organ in ECG - Heart
27. BMI Obase - >30
28. PH of blood - 7.4
29. Nutrition provide by - placenta
30. Pasteurization - milk
31. NFWP - 1952
32. TB - Rifampicine
33. Distal blood vessels - dorsalis pedis
34. Insuline - SC
35. Second stage of labour - expulsion of fetus
36. Pacemaker - S.A. node
37. Plasma protein oncotic pressure -
Albumine
38. Chief site of ectopic pregnancy - Tubal
39. JVP point - suprasternal notch
40. Weaning - 6 M
41. Fern Test - Ovulation
42. Chief sourse of progesterone - O***y /
adrenal cortex
43. Bartholine gland - Va**na
44. Bleeding Disorder - Hemophilia
45. Confirm pregnancy hormone - HCG
46. Main muscles of inspiration - Diaphragm
47. TORCH except - Tetanus
48. ORS mainly contain - sodium & glucose
49. 70 kg total body water - 42 lit.
50. Eradicate disease - small pox
51. Position in perineal operation - lithotomy
52. Neonate peroid - up to 28 days
53. Hypothyroidism - critinism
54. Wt. increase in pregnancy - 12 - 13 kg
55. Bitot spot - Vit A
56. Neutralize bad odor - deodorant
57. Epistaxis - Nose
58. Base of brain gland - pituitary gland