12/02/2025
Biological Description of Black Cardamom Flower (Amomum subulatum)
1. Classification:
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Angiosperms
Class: Monocotyledons
Order: Zingiberales
Family: Zingiberaceae
Genus: Amomum
Species: Amomum subulatum
2. Floral Structure:
Inflorescence: Spike-like raceme emerging from the rhizome near the ground.
Flower Color: Whitish to pale pink with a yellow-orange labellum marked with red or purple streaks.
Symmetry: Zygomorphic (bilateral symmetry).
Number of Sepals: 3, fused, forming a tubular calyx.
Number of Petals: 3, with one modified into a large, showy labellum (lip).
Stamens: One functional stamen with a petaloid appendage (two stamens are reduced to staminodes).
O***y: Inferior, trilocular (three-chambered).
Style: Single, passing through the filamentous anther.
Placentation: Axile placentation.
3. Floral Formula:
⚥ ↑ K(3) C(2+1) A1 G(3̅)
Explanation:
⚥ – Bisexual flower (both stamens and carpels present).
↑ – Zygomorphic symmetry.
K(3) – Three fused sepals forming a tubular structure.
C(2+1) – Three petals, with two forming a lateral structure and one forming a labellum.
A1 – One fertile stamen (androecium), while others are reduced to staminodes.
G(3̅) – Inferior o***y with three fused carpels.
4. Pollination and Fruit Development:
Pollination is mostly entomophilous (insect-mediated), primarily by bees.
The flowers develop into capsule-like fruits, which turn reddish-brown to black upon maturation.
The dried fruit is used as a spice known as black cardamom.
This floral structure is adapted for attracting pollinators and ensuring effective reproduction.
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