PI Tutorials

Admission Open for the Session 2026-2027.
Join us😃

Something interesting 😉

We know that we use finely divided metals of d and f block for catalysis.
Ever thought about how we can make finely divided powder of metal instead of the fact that they are malleable and ductile? 😀

One of the ways is to produce metallic hydride of these metals.
d and f block metals absorb hydrogen gas to produce metallic hydrides. Hydrogen attains interstitial sites of metal crystal and makes the metal lattice expand. This results in less density of metal hydride than original metal and hence metal hydrides become brittle. These metallic hydrides when beaten converts to fine powder and when this fine powder is heated, the hydrogen gas desorbs of the metal lattice leaving finely divided metal behind ready to be used as a catalyst!! 😃☺️

happy reading..!

One more step towards providing better atmosphere that will help you read for your dreams..
Visit- Pilibrary.org

https://youtu.be/EkDhlzA-lwI

Barometer is a device that helps measuring atmospheric pressure. The first ever barometer was invented by Torricelli, a student of Galileo. This barometer has been used till 2007 when the toxicity of mercury pushed to avoid its use.

The controversy between the thinking process of the teacher and student led to successful invention of this device which helped in creating many technologies exploiting use of pressure.

A must watch video.
Happy reading ☺️

Hello everyone.
Glad to inform you that Pi Tutorials is going to start it's new session for class 12th (CBSE AND ISCE ) from 5th April, 2022.
Join us! 😊

Various ways to prepare Oxygen-
• Oxygen Concentrators- Working on Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technique, Oxygen concentrators are a simple way to produce oxygen from air. In the process, air is passed over an adsorbent at high pressure. The selection of adsorbent for the process is based on its tendency to adsorb N2 majorly and O2 insignificantly or not at all. In general, a zeolite with a pore size small enough to adsorb N2 and large enough to let oxygen gas pass through; is chosen. At high pressure, most of the N2 of air sample is adsorbed and left-over air with high concentration of O2 is collected in cylinders. After on, the pressure is reduced so as to make N2 desorbed. N2 is released in air and zeolite is re-ready for use. Most of the now-running oxygen generating industries are based on this technique. A beautiful illustration is here-
https://youtu.be/LxaoBoOAFAk
• Fractional distillation of air- In this process, natural air is compressed to high pressure resulting in heating of it. then the compressed hot air is passed through an expansion chamber where it gets cooled due to expansion and as a result of which CO2 gas separates from air as dry ice. The left air is allowed to expand more and sudden due to which it liquifies. Now the liquid air is subjected to fractional distillation. N2 and Ar gets out of the mixture due to their higher boiling points than oxygen. Oxygen is left in distillation column and is collected in cylinders after further purifications. A beautiful illustration is here-
https://youtu.be/OMF8np_gs7Q

The first way, which is the most used way to prepare oxygen for all kind of purposes uses Zeolites as an adsorbent making zeolites extremely useful. Zeolites are silicon-aluminum based minerals ocurring naturally and being prepared artificially as well. They have fine pores originating from chemical arrangement of atoms present in it. These pores have capacity to adsorb selective molecules and ions and inert gases making zeolites useful in water purification, oxygen separation from air, pollutant separation from air and water, various kind of catalysis etc. 😊

How to obtain Different Gases from Air (Is Matter Around us Pure) in HINDI Class 9 NCERT Science In this Science (Chemistry) video in Hindi for class 9 we explained how to obtain different gases from air. Air consists of different gases like nitrogen, ox...

Element six is a company primarly based in UK and extended to US, Ireland, Germany, South Africa etc. As the beautiful name implies, this company is a carbon ( 6th element of periodic table ) based company prooviding high quality materials made up of hardest substances known i.e. Diamond and also Boron nitride now a days. The major production of comapny is of Superabrasives used for grinding, cutting and drilling.

The comapny had been started under the name De Beers Industrial Diamond in 1946. because most of its work is based on carbon mateials such as diamond, carbon nanotubes etc., it changed its name to ELEMENT SIX in 2002. The company provides bulk amount of superabbrasives to many other industries. 😊

pic credits- google.

SPACE ELEVATOR AND GRAPHENE-

Space elevator is a 'proposed' project which consist of a cable fixed at surface of a planetary body like Earth and extending to the space till outside of geostationary orbit. The cable will stay straight due the two opposing forces acting on it- force of gravity acting towards ground and centrifugal force ( generated due to rotation of earth ) acting outwords in space. If the cable is strong enough, we will be able to send vehicles through this directly in space without requiring any large rocket. This will ultimately reduce the fuel and other costs for space projects and will open posiibilities for a lot more other projects which are economically impractical for now. Currently, sending objects in space through rockets almost costs $25000 or more per kg depending on the location the object has to be sent. This extremely high cost could be reduced fairly if the concept of space elevator works on ground level. However, one of the main challenges to make a space elevator is the strength of the cable under consideration. The cable must be strong enough to hold its own weight and then of the object.
Many materials have been proposed to be used in manufacturing of this cable, graphene being one of them. As per 2009, graphene has been emerged as the strongest material known. If the obtainance of graphene from graphite or otherwise could be made economically cheaper , we may work on to build this astonishing space elevator project.
😃😃

Picture credits- wikipedia

Milk of magnesia, Mg(OH)2, a simple base as it seems to be, is a very useful drug. It is used as an antacid and as a laxative as well depending on its concentration.

An antacid is a drug that works by neutrilising the already produced excess acid in the stomach. Mg(OH)2 also works by neutrilisng the H+ ion of acid through its OH- ion. Mg(OH)2, to be used as an antacid, must be consumed not more than 1.5g a day.

A laxative is a drug that is used to treat constipation. As a laxative, Mg(OH)2 works in many ways. It is poorly absorbed by intestine, increasing concentration of intestinal fluid. This causes enhanced absorption of water by intestine through osmosis. Increase of water in intestine loosens the f***s and makes it easy to be extracted. Mg(OH)2, to be used as a laxative, must be consumed almost 5g a day in divided doses.