Basics of learning-Arvind kumar singh, Mathura (2026)

19/08/2021

Don't Accept Case Diary Unless IO Certifies That It Is The Complete Original Copy: Allahabad High Court Directs Advocate General

The Court was hearing the plea of a constable accused under the POCSO Act wherein he claimed that he was at the place of his duty during the commission of the crime.

He relied upon the information received by him under the Right to Information Act, that he was on duty as traffic police personnel (during the relevant time of the incident) and that his duty timings were from 3:00 to 10:00 pm at Ghaziabad and he was dispatched for duty at 2:00 pm.

However, the advocate for the private respondent, on the other hand, argued that as per the probe of the Investigating Officer, the location of the mobile number carried by the accused was found close to the place of the incident.

However, when the Government Advocate was asked to supply a copy of the Purcha No. SCD-02 enclosed with the case diary (in which the presence of the accused near the place of the incident was claimed), it was submitted that the complete case diary had not been sent to the office of Advocate General.

the office of Advocate General shall not accept any case diary unless a certificate is appended by the Investigating Officer of the case that he is producing a complete original or true copy of the case diary containing pages from 1 to ....along with an Index of the documents which form part of the case diary, and in case it is found that incomplete case diary is accepted without the endorsement of the I.O. causing inconvenience to the court and wastage of precious time then the office of Advocate General may be held responsible and consequences may follow"

Case title - Constable Ajeet Singh v. State Of U P And Others

24/07/2021

SC verdict

M.k. ranjitsinh & ors vs uoi & ors.

in all cases where the overhead line in power project exist the Government of Rajasthan and Gujarat shall take steps forthwith to install bird diverters pending consideration of the conversion of overhead cables into underground power lines.

Great Indian Bustard is gravely endangered species with hardly about 200 alive in India.

Bio- centric jurisprudence
The natural environment has its own set of rights which is independent of its ability to be exploited by or to be useful to humans.

Anthropocentrism
All the species on earth humans are the most significant and that all others resources on earth may be justifiably exploited for the benefit of human beings.

24/07/2021

IUCN) is an international organization (NGO) working in the field of nature conservation and sustainable use of natural resources.
It is involved in data gathering and analysis, research, field projects, advocacy, lobbying, and education.

known for compiling and publishing the IUCN Red List, which assesses the conservation status of species worldwide.

headquarters in Gland, Switzerland.

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, founded in 1964, is the world’s most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species. When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term “threatened” is a grouping of three categories: Critically Endangered, Endangered, and Vulnerable.

The following categories have been classified in this list :

Extinct (EX) No known individuals remaining.
Extinct in the wild (EW) Known only to survive in captivity, or as a naturalized population outside its historic range.
Critically endangered (CR) Extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
reduction in a population (greater than 90% over the last 10 years),
population size (a number less than 50 mature individuals),
quantitative analysis showing the probability of extinction in wild in at least 50% in their 10 years, and
it is therefore considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
Endangered (EN) High risk of extinction in the wild.
Vulnerable (VU) High risk of endangerment in the wild.
Near threatened (NT) Likely to become endangered in the near future.
Least concern (LC) Lowest risk. Does not qualify for a more at-risk category. Widespread and abundant taxa are included in this category.
Data deficient (DD) Not enough data to assess its risk of extinction.
Not evaluated (NE) Has not yet been evaluated against the criteria.

24/07/2021

Cell mediated immunity (CMI)

It is that arm of the immune response that does not involve antibodies but rather incorporates the activation of macrophages and NK cells enabling them to destroy intracellular pathogens, the production of antigen-specific CD8 cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs), and the release of various cytokines that influence the function of other cells involved in both the adaptive and innate immune responses in response to a non-self-antigen .
Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at removing virus-infected cells, but is also a very important player in defending against fungi, protozoa, intracellular bacteria, and cancers. It also plays a major role in transplantation rejection.

24/07/2021

US and Afghanistan issue
Sep 11 ,2001
Terrorist attack

US President George w bush declared war on Afghanistan

As per Mr bush taliban regime had turned down his demand to hand over Al-Qaeda leader including osama bin Laden

Inside the Afghanistan,
Nato coalition troops led by U.S. quickly dislodge the taliban regime and established a transitional government.

Al Qaeda leaders and key operative fled to safe havens in Pakistan.

Issue between US and Afghanistan and taliban
Violence
Foreign troops
Intra Afghan peace talks
Use of Afghan soil by terrorist groups

Role of Pakistan

Taliban captured much of the Afghanistan territory with the help of Pakistan's ISI.
After the 9/11 attack Pakistan military dictator Pervez Musharraf under pressure from US administration cut formal ties with the taliban and join America's war on terror but played a double game.

India and taliban

India has three critical areas in dealing with the taliban
Protecting its investment which runs in two billion of rupee in Afghanistan

Preventing future Taliban regime from being a pawn of Rawalpindi

making sure the Pakistan backed anti-india terrorist group do not get support from Taliban

India choose not to engage with the Taliban and the cost was dear when the taleban was in power now it is another policy.

Protection of human rights in police station

11/07/2021

https://youtu.be/nvlLvjUGzMk

Protection of human rights in police station Various kinds of protection conferred by different legislations

07/07/2021

History of child marriage law

The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929, passed on 28 September 1929, in the Imperial Legislative Council of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the Sharda Act, after its sponsor Harbilas Sharda.

1886 Rukhmabai case

She(1864-1955) was the first practising female doctor in colonial India .Rukhmabai also made her mark in history due to the legal case she was involved in, which contributed to the enactment of the Age of Consent Act, 1891.

1929 act repealed
Girl age 14
Boy age 15

1978
Girl age 18
Boy age 21

2006 Shardha act repealed
Protection of child marriage Act
Now child marriage become voidable.

29/06/2021

We are going to cover law final year syllabus and then second year in very precise and informative manner.
It will be very helpful for you in multiple way.
For legal practice , competition exam or academic exams.