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19. What is full body harness and it's classification?Answer:- A full body harness is a type of personal protective equi...
10/03/2025

19. What is full body harness and it's classification?

Answer:- A full body harness is a type of personal protective equipment (PPE) designed to safely distribute the force of a fall across the wearer's body, reducing the risk of injury.

Five types of full body harness

Class (A):- Fall arresting (Class A commonly used for arret the fall of personal with working).
:-Class A safety harness equipped with D-Ring at both shoulder straps at the back.

Class (D) :- Control descent ( Class D use mainly to control or support a person with descending or lowering from height.)
:- Class D harness generally equipped with a single D-Ring at the front or side of the harness.

Class (E):- Confined space entry exit ( Class E safety harness commonly used for rescue or for confined space entry.)
:- Class E safety harness equiped with D-Ring on each shoulder strap

Class (L):- Ladder climbing (Class L use for ladder or tower climbing.)
:- Class L harness equipped with D-Ring on front of the harness.

Class (P):- Work positioning ( Class P use for support a person to make a position while working at height ( working in hang position.)
:- Class P full body harness equiped with D-Ring at waist level.

08/01/2025

18. What is confined space?

Answer :- Any enclosure having a limited means of entry & exit and it is not designed for continuous occupancy.
There will be a presence of any hazardous substances such as flammable and toxic gases, oxygen deficiency, hot or humid atmosphere or any combination of it

Examples: Process vessels, Tanks, Bins, Stacks, Large pipe, Duct, Pits & Trench etc.
Any excavation with depth more than 1.2 meter.

21/12/2024

17.Emergency:- An unexpected and difficult or dangerous situation, especially an accident, which happens suddenly and which requires quick action to deal with it.

1.Emergency Action:-
An action performed to mitigate the impact of an emergency on human health and safety, property, or the environment.

2.Emergency Alarm:-
A warning device, usually visual or auditory, that indicates the existence of an emergency situation requiring immediate action.

3.Emergency Brake:-
A separate back-up (secondary) brake system in a transportation vehicle for use in
case of failure of the regular (hydraulic or air) brakes. Commonly used as a parking brake in automobiles.

4.Emergency Drill:-
Training during which an emergency is simulated and the participants go through the
steps of responding as if it were a real emergency for the purposes of familiarization,
practice, preparedness, and improvement. See also Fire Drill; Tabletop Drill.

16. LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL) :- The minimum concentration of particular combustible gas or vapour necessary to suppor...
13/12/2024

16. LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL) :- The minimum concentration of particular combustible gas or vapour necessary to support its combustion in air is define as LEL.

# LEL senors measure explosivity, not toxicity.

2. UPPER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT (LEL) :- The maximum concentration of gas or vapour that will burn in air is define as the UEL.

# PART PER MILLION (PPM) :- Part's per million is commonly used unit of concentration for small value.
# PHOTO - IONIZATION DETECTOR (PID) :- Photo-ionization detector measure VOCs and other toxic gas in low concentrations from PPB ( parts per billion)

05/12/2024

15. FLASH POINT:- The minimum temperature in liquid give enough vapour to ignite is called flash point.
OR
Flash point of a particular material is the lowest temperature at which vapour of the material under gose ignition in the presence of an ignition source.

# NOTE:- Flash point produce only flash in the presence of ignition source.

# Flash point of any liquid can change as the presence in the air around in change according to thermodonamic principle.

2. FIRE POINT:- Fire point of a particular material is lowest temperature at which the vapour of substance can keep burning when we remove the ignition source.

# NOTE:- Fire point continue to burn when we remove the ignition source.
# Flash point always less then the fire point.

3. AUTO IGNITION TEMPERATURE:- Auto ignition temperature of a substances is the lowest temperature at which it will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmospher without an external source of ignition.

14. LEADING AND LAGGING INDICATOR.LEADING INDICATOR:- Leading indicators are process-oriented metrics, such as rate of i...
27/11/2024

14. LEADING AND LAGGING INDICATOR.

LEADING INDICATOR:- Leading indicators are process-oriented metrics, such as rate of implementation or conformance with policies and procedures that support the safety management system that is capable of predicting performance.
They often reflect proactive actions taken by the operator, such as proactive auditing or monitoring.
They usually relate to the controls on the below.

-Progress on annual OHS Improvement Plans
- Proactive
-Predictive
-Completed inspections and audits
-Training sessions conducted
-OHS meetings held
-Near misses reported
-Task observations completed
-LOTO/PTW audits conducted
-Risk assessment and hazard control activities
-Closed corrective actions
-Follow-up on recommendation tracking

LAGGING INDICATOR:- Lagging indicators are outcome-oriented metrics, such as incident rates or other measures of past performance.
A lagging indicator usually relates to outcomes (injuries or near-misses) or reactive actions (emergency response) and often involves incident notification to the regulator or
investigation by the operator.
They usually relate to the mitigating factors on the below.

-Fatality, injury, and incident frequency rates
-Reactive
-Outcome-based
-Vehicle accident frequency rate
-Employee compensation claims (GOSI)
-Equipment damage costs
-OHS non-compliance incidents
-Stakeholder complaints

23/11/2024

13. Standards and Damage Acceptance for Webbing Slings:-

01. ISO 4878 (Industrial Lifting Slings):- Any damage affecting load-bearing capacity is unacceptable.Any visible damage, like cuts, tears, abrasions, or loose stitching, is considered a failure.

02. ΕΝ 1492-1 (European Standard for Lifting Slings):-
Reject slings with:-
Cuts or tears in the webbing.
Broken or worn stitching.
Heat damage or chemical exposure causing
discoloration or hardening.
Knots in the sling or damage to load-bearing labels.

03. OSHA 1910.184 (Slings):-
Slings must be inspected before each use.
Reject slings with:-
Cuts, frays, or broken fibers.
Damage due to heat, chemical exposure, or excessive wear.
Missing identification tags or markings.

04. ANSI/ASME B30.9 (Slings-Inspection and Use):-
States that any visible damage or evidence of degradation must result in immediate rejection.
Includes damage such as:-
Torn, frayed, or worn webbing.
Damaged stitching or repairs.
Burns, chemical stains, or stiffness from UV exposure.

05. Manufacturer Guidelines:-
Most equipment manufacturers specify zero tolerance for critical applications. Any amount of visible damage compromises safety, and continued use can result in liability or failure during operation.

Note:- Some people say 10% of damages to web slings are acceptable. Could you share your suggestions and standards?

17/11/2024

12. "AUDIT :- Continuous Improvement Opportunity".

# Different types & Stages of Audits as Per ISO 45001-2018.

1.Joint Audit :- An Audit involves multiple organizations working together to conduct a single audit.

2. Combined Audit :- Conducting multiple types of audits within a single organization.

3. First Party Audit :- Audit in which an organization audits itself to check its conformance against particular process, system or standard being used.

3. Second Party Audit :- Audit in which a customer performs an audit to its supplier, external provider, SubCont or member of its supply chain.
Also known as supplier Audit.

4. Third Party Audit :- Audit where the assigned auditor is not of the primary parties involved in a situation such as a customer- supplier relationship.
Also Known as certification Audit.

5. Stage1 Audit :- Conducted to determine the & evaluate the organization's readiness for their stage 2 Audit by reviewing the management system documented Information against standard requirement.

6. Stage2 Audit :- Conducted to Evaluate the implementation & of the organization's OH & S management system/s.

7. Surveillance Audit :- Conducted to assess & monitor performance against the required standards. Recertification Audit.

12/11/2024

11. What is difference between SIMOPS & CONOPS?

SIMOPS:-
Tow or more activities executed within a defined area by different organizations functional groups or under different management systems that could deeply interact.
e.g. production and or construction operations carried out in the vicinity of drilling operations.

CONOPS:-
Tow or more activities performed at the same time (or within a given interval) by the same organization /functional groups under the same overall management system. It is normally the case for the majority of construction site.

04/11/2024

10. Some Definitions for a Safety Officer in construction:-

1. HEALTH:- A safety officer is responsible for ensuring the health and safety of workers at construction sites by identifying and mitigating hazards.

2.SAFETY:- The safety officer oversees the implementation of safety protocols and ensures compliance with safety regulations on construction sites.

3. INSPECTION:- Conducts regular site inspections to identify and rectify potential safety hazards.

4. TRAINING:- Provides safety training and education to construction workers to promote a safe working environment.

5.REGULATORY COMPLIANCE:- Ensures that construction projects comply with local, state, and federal safety regulations.

6. RISK ASSESSMENT:- Performs risk assessments to anticipate and prevent accidents on construction sites.

7. ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION:- Investigates accidents and incidents to determine causes and prevent future occurrences.

8.EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS :- Develops and implements emergency response plans for construction sites.

9. HAZARD COMMUNICATION:- Ensures that workers are aware of and understand the hazards associated with their tasks.

10.PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):- Ensures the proper use and maintenance of PPE by construction workers.

11. SAFETY MEETINGS:- Organizes and leads regular safety meetings to discuss safety issues and updates.

12. SAFETY AUDITS:- Conducts safety audits to ensure compliance with safety standards and regulations

13. DOCUMENTATION :- Maintains records of safety inspections, incidents, and training sessions.

14.SITE SAFETY PLANS:- Develops site-specific safety plans to address the unique hazards of each construction projects.

15.SAFETY POLICIES:- Establishes and enforces safety policies and procedures.

16. SAFETY CULTURE:- Promotes a culture of safety among workers and management.

17.WORKSITE SAFETY:- Monitors and enforces safe work practices on construction sites.

18. SAFETY PERFORMANCE :- Evaluates safety performance and implements improvements as needed.

19. INJURY PREVENTION :- Implements strategies to prevent workplace injuries and illnesses.

20.SAFETY REGULATIONS :- Keeps up-to-date with the latest safety regulations and standards.

28/10/2024

9. Question :- what can be reason of insulation from safety point of view? What are health hazards ?

Answer :- From safety point of view industrial applications piping can be operating at extremely low or high temperatures.
There is potential danger in touching the piping if it is too hot or too cold. Insulation protects workers against burns from inadvertently coming in contact with the piping. Insulation brings a piping and valve system into a safe range for workers.

Second safety reasons are NOISE. Noise has a sneaky way of traveling through pipework. insulating the piping and valves is a valid method to reduce noise. It acts as an acoustic decoupler by preventing noise transfer when pipes pass through a fixed structure such as a floor or wall and lowers the noise of the materials moving through the systems.

HEALTH HAZARDS :-

1)Improperly Installed Attic Insulation Can Make You Sick
They have a sickening odor which can make people ill after long exposure.

2) insulation includes fiberglass, a common plastic that contains resins and fibers. As a result, people who handle or are exposed to this insulation can breathe in tiny bits of glass. After a while, those bits can get stuck in a person's lungs, leading to respiratory ailments.

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