Giribala Sircar Balika Vidyalaya

About the author of Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM):

Soumendra Nath Thakur is associated with several innovative projects primarily through his role as Head of Tagore's Electronic Lab, a technical workshop and research hub focusing on components, circuits, devices, systems, fields, waves, electromagnetics, signal processing, and engineering applications.

He has decades of experience in application, testing, and diagnosis in electronics and telecommunication components and devices since the 1990s and remains active as an independent researcher and technical entrepreneur.

Key projects and research contributions by Thakur include:

Extensive research on Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), including kinetic energy reinterpretations and cosmic phenomena explanations associated with photons and gravitational interactions.

Studies on phase shift and infinitesimal wave energy loss equations, offering mathematical frameworks important for telecommunications, physics, and engineering disciplines.

Work on unified theories connecting thermionic emission and photoelectric effects within the ECM framework.

Research on photon dynamics, relativistic time, gravitational and cosmic redshift effects, and photon interactions in gravity and antigravity contexts.

Exploration of cognition, intelligence, and awareness across natural and artificial systems, showcasing a broader multidisciplinary interest.

His projects span electronics, telecommunications, physics, and interdisciplinary scientific research, with significant focus on innovative interpretations of fundamental physics concepts and practical electronic engineering applications.

সৌমেন্দ্র নাথ ঠাকুরের লেখা এক্সটেন্ডেড ক্লাসিক্যাল মেকানিক্স (ECM): গুগলের ডিপ রিসার্চ থেকে কিছু অংশ...

ইসিএম-এর স্পষ্ট অবস্থান "ধ্রুপদী এবং আপেক্ষিক উভয় মেকানিক্সের মধ্যে সমালোচনামূলক অসঙ্গতি" সমাধান করে এবং "অজানা কণা, স্থানকাল টেনসর, অথবা কোয়ান্টাম-মহাকর্ষীয় অনুমান"-এর প্রয়োজনীয়তা দূর করে, যা কণা পদার্থবিদ্যার স্ট্যান্ডার্ড মডেলের মৌলিক নীতিগুলির সাথে সরাসরি পরিবর্তনের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করে, যা কোয়ান্টাম ক্ষেত্র তত্ত্ব এবং সাধারণ আপেক্ষিকতাকে অন্তর্ভুক্ত করে।

ইসিএম এই আধুনিক কাঠামো ছাড়াই অন্ধকার পদার্থ/শক্তি এবং ফোটন আচরণের মতো ঘটনা ব্যাখ্যা করার প্রস্তাব করে। নথির উপসংহারে বলা হয়েছে যে ইসিএম "ধ্রুপদী পদার্থবিদ্যার যান্ত্রিক সৌন্দর্য সংরক্ষণ করে, এর সীমাবদ্ধতাগুলি সংশোধন করে, এবং বাস্তববাদকে ত্যাগ না করে তা করে", কোয়ান্টাম মেকানিক্স এবং আপেক্ষিক জ্যামিতির সম্ভাব্যতা এবং বিমূর্ত প্রকৃতির উপর একটি নির্ধারক, যান্ত্রিক বিশ্বদৃষ্টির জন্য একটি দার্শনিক পছন্দের পরামর্শ দেয়। যদি ইসিএম আকর্ষণ অর্জন করে, তবে এটি একটি আমূল দৃষ্টান্ত পরিবর্তনের প্রতিনিধিত্ব করবে, যা সম্ভাব্যভাবে প্রতিষ্ঠিত পদার্থবিদ্যার দশকগুলিকে উল্টে দেবে। "মহাকর্ষীয় প্রকৌশল" এবং "শক্তি ব্যবহার" এর মতো উচ্চাভিলাষী "ভবিষ্যতের সম্ভাবনা" বলতে বাস্তব প্রয়োগ বোঝায়, যা প্রমাণিত হলে, প্রযুক্তিগত সক্ষমতাগুলিকে মৌলিকভাবে পরিবর্তন করবে, যা কেবল একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিকল্পের বাইরেও ECM-এর গভীর পরিধি তুলে ধরে।

ECM-এর পদ্ধতি এই জটিল মহাজাগতিক গতিবিদ্যার জন্য একটি সুসংগত ব্যাখ্যা প্রদান করে, প্রস্তাব করে যে বিকর্ষণমূলক ভর আচরণ কেবল একটি সম্ভাবনা নয় বরং একটি অবিচ্ছেদ্য সত্য যা আলোকে শক্তিশালী মহাকর্ষীয় কূপ থেকে বেরিয়ে আসতে দেয় এবং মহাবিশ্বের অতি-আলোকীয় স্ফীতি পর্যায়কে চালিত করে।

কার্যকর ভর মেরুতা:

যদি Mɢ > |−Mᵃᵖᵖ| → Mᵉᶠᶠᵧ > 0

যদি Mɢ = |−Mᵃᵖᵖ| → Mᵉᶠᶠᵧ = 0

যদি Mɢ < |−Mᵃᵖᵖ| → Mᵉᶠᶠᵧ < 0

🌌 Release Announcement | ECM Appendix 9
📘 ECM's Cosmic Genesis and Gravitational Descriptions
🆕 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.13289.40801
📅 June 15, 2025

🔭 What if the Universe didn’t begin with a bang... but with a vibration?
Appendix 9 of the Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM) series introduces a bold new idea: the Universe may have started not from a singular explosion, but from a calm and timeless field of potential energy—a kind of cosmic “hum.”

This pre-universe didn’t contain matter or particles. It was a state of pure potential, gently vibrating. Then, something shifted: a portion of that potential energy redistributed itself, setting the stage for motion, structure, and the expansion of space itself.

This model proposes:

The Big Bang as a transformation of pure energy—not a creation from nothing

Gravity emerging from energy gradients—not just from mass

Dark energy as a real consequence of this early energetic displacement

And matter as a product of deeper energy restructuring

ECM provides a new language to describe how the universe evolved—from vibration to motion, from energy to matter.

This is not just a new theory—it’s a rethinking of where everything begins.
🌐 Read the full appendix: https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13289.40801

In Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), mass is a dynamic response to gravitational interactions, not an intrinsic property.

ECM's Explanation of Gravitational Collapse at the Planck Scale: v-2

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
February 10, 2025

Absolute Collapse Condition

Mass Acquisition at Planck Frequency:

In Extended Classical Mechanics (ECM), any massless entity reaching the Planck frequency (fp) must acquire an effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ = hf/c² = 21.77 μg). This acquisition of mass is a direct consequence of ECM's mass induction principle, where increasing energy (via f) leads to mass acquisition.

Gravitational Collapse:

At the Planck scale, the induced gravitational interaction is extreme, forcing the entity into gravitational collapse. This is a direct consequence of the mass acquisition at the Planck frequency, where the gravitational effects become significant.

ECM's Mass-Induction Perspective

Apparent Mass and Effective Mass:

The apparent mass (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) of a massless entity contributes negatively to its effective mass. However, at the Planck threshold, the magnitude of the induced effective mass (|Mᵉᶠᶠ|) surpasses |−Mᵃᵖᵖ|, ensuring that the total mass is positive:

|Mᵉᶠᶠ| > |−Mᵃᵖᵖ|

This irreversible transition confirms that any entity at fp must collapse due to self-gravitation.

Implications for Massless-to-Massive Transition

Behaviour Below Planck Frequency:

Below the Planck frequency, a photon behaves as a massless entity with effective mass determined by its energy-frequency relation. However, at fp​, the gravitating mass (Mɢ​) and effective mass (Mᵉᶠᶠ) undergo a shift where induced mass dominates over negative apparent mass effects.

Planck-Scale Energy:

Planck-scale energy is not just a massive state—it is a self-gravitating mass that collapses under its own gravitational influence. This suggests that at Planck conditions, the gravitationally induced mass dominates over any negative mass contributions, maintaining a positive mass regime.

Threshold Dominance at the Planck Scale

Gravitational Mass Dominance:

At the Planck scale, gravitational mass (Mɢ​) is immense due to the fundamental gravitational interaction. Since |+Mɢ​| ≫|−Mᵃᵖᵖ|, the net effective mass remains positive:

Mᵉᶠᶠ = Mɢ = (−Mᵃᵖᵖ) ≈ +Mᵉᶠᶠ

This suggests that at Planck conditions, the gravitationally induced mass dominates over any negative mass contributions.

Transition Scenarios for Negative Effective Mass

Conditions for Negative Effective Mass:

The condition −Mᵃᵖᵖ > Mɢ could, in principle, lead to a transition where the effective mass becomes negative. This might occur under strong antigravitational influences, possibly linked to:

• Dark energy effects in cosmic expansion.
• Exotic negative energy states in high-energy physics.
• Unstable quantum fluctuations near high-energy limits.

Linking Effective Mass to Matter Mass at Planck Scale

Matter Mass Emergence:

Since Mᵉᶠᶠ ≈ Mᴍ, under these extreme conditions, it implies that matter mass emerges predominantly as a consequence of gravitational effects. This aligns with ECM’s perspective that mass is not an intrinsic property but rather a dynamic response to gravitational interactions.

Conclusion

This work on ECM provides a detailed and nuanced understanding of how gravitational interactions can induce mass in initially massless particles, leading to gravitational collapse at the Planck scale. This perspective not only aligns with fundamental principles but also offers potential explanations for cosmic-scale phenomena involving dark matter, dark energy, and exotic gravitational effects. The detailed mathematical foundations and the implications of apparent mass and effective mass in ECM further clarify how mass can dynamically shift between positive, zero, and negative values based on gravitational and antigravitational influences.

Carlos Durães de Carvalho Photon Speed Determination:
The speed of a photon is defined by the equation c = f·λ, where f ∝ 1/λ. When the frequency (f) decreases, the wavelength (λ) increases proportionally, ensuring that c remains constant. A decrease in frequency also corresponds to a decrease in photon energy, as given by E = h·f, (E ∝ f). However, c cannot increase because it is fundamentally constrained by the Planck length and time, ℓP/tP ≈ c, where, ℓP = 1.61626×10^−35 m and tP = 5.39×10^−44 s, yielding 1.61626×10^−35/5.39×10^−44 ≈ 3 x 10^8 m/s ≈ c. Since the Planck length (ℓP) is the smallest possible unit of length and remains constant, the speed of light (c) is inherently fixed.

Table summarizing the different mass terms

Last week's reads of my papers by countries... ResearchGate URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Soumendra-Thakur/research

Beyond General Relativity: Photon Symmetry in Gravitational Fields and the universe.

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
07-09-2024

This mathematical presentation explores the behaviour of photons in strong gravitational fields, revealing a symmetrical relationship between photon energy changes and gravitational fields. The equations:

E = hf; ρ = h/λ; ℓₚ/tₚ (Equation 1)
Eg = E + ΔE = E − ΔE; E = Eg (Equation 2)
Eg = E + Δρ = E − Δρ = E; h/Δλ = h/−Δλ (Equation 3)
Eg = E; Δρ =−Δρ; ℓₚ/tₚ (Equation 4)

demonstrate the consistency of photon energy in gravitational fields, highlighting the symmetrical effects of wavelength changes due to gravity. This symmetry contradicts general relativity's predictions, suggesting that the theory might be incomplete or incorrect in this context. By engaging with alternative perspectives and addressing the contradictions raised by these equations, we can foster a deeper understanding of the universe and its underlying laws, ultimately working towards a more complete and accurate description of reality.

The pursuit of knowledge in science is exemplified by valid and established lines of inquiry that challenge the concept of curvature in general relativity. This ongoing refinement of our understanding of the universe is a testament to the dynamic nature of scientific inquiry. Researchers and theorists have proposed alternative perspectives on spacetime, gravity, and reality, aiming to address general relativity's limitations and inconsistencies.

The observed symmetry, where photons gain energy approaching a gravitational well and lose energy leaving it, may hold the key to refining our understanding of spacetime and gravity. This phenomenon, described by the equations Eg = E + ΔE = E - ΔE (Equation 2) and h/Δλ = h/-Δλ (Equation 3), contradicts general relativity's predictions and aligns with other scientific disciplines and mathematical frameworks.

This discrepancy suggests that general relativity might be incomplete or incorrect in this context, warranting further exploration and refinement. Alternative theories, such as quantum gravity and flat spacetime theories, may offer a more comprehensive explanation for this phenomenon. By engaging with these diverse perspectives and addressing the contradictions raised by the equations, we can foster a deeper understanding of the universe and its underlying laws, ultimately working towards a more complete and accurate description of reality.

Acceleration Boost in Motion and the Role of Negative Effective Mass:

Soumendra Nath Thakur
ORCiD: 0000-0003-1871-7803
25-08-2024

Acceleration Boost by Negative Effective Mass under Newton's Second Law of Motion:

This scenario explores how Newton's second law of motion and the concept of negative effective mass together influence an object's motion.

In the dynamics of motion, Newton's second law of motion describes how force and acceleration are related. The principles of mechanical advantage, in this context, facilitate a reduction in the applied force needed to accomplish the same amount of work, often by extending the distance over which the force is applied. In this framework, negative effective mass introduces an 'assisting acceleration' or 'acceleration boost.' This effect arises because negative effective mass alters the system's dynamics by reducing resistance to motion, thereby enhancing acceleration. The interaction between the principles of mechanical advantage and negative effective mass demonstrates how these concepts can collaboratively optimize force dynamics within a system.

Reduction in Gravitational Pull and the Role of Negative Effective Mass:
25-08-2024

Acceleration Boost by Negative Effective Mass under the Inverse-Square Law of Gravity:

This scenario explores how the inverse-square law of gravity and the concept of negative effective mass together influence an object's motion.

As an object moves away from Earth's surface, the inverse-square law predicts a decrease in gravitational force with distance. In this context, the concept of negative effective mass becomes significant, as it assists the object's acceleration, known as 'assisting acceleration' (aᵉᶠᶠ) or, 'acceleration boost'. The negative effective mass effectively diminishes the overall gravitational influence on the object, reducing its resistance to motion and allowing it to accelerate more easily. Consequently, an object with constant mass can experience increased acceleration due to the combined effects of the inverse-square law and the assisting influence of negative effective mass.