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📌 TYPES OF CHEQUE – QUICK NOTES (BANKING AWARENESS)

✅ BY ANIRBAN GHOSH

A cheque is a negotiable instrument under the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, drawn on a bank and payable on demand.
1. Bearer Cheque
Payable to whoever holds (bears) the cheque.
Words like “or bearer” are mentioned.
No endorsement required.
Risky due to easy transferability.
Can be encashed over the counter.
Exam Point: Highest risk, least security.
2. Order Cheque
Payable to a specific person or entity.
Words like “or order” appear.
Requires endorsement for transfer.
Safer than bearer cheque.
Exam Point: Cannot be paid without proper endorsement.
3. Crossed Cheque
Two parallel lines on the top left corner.
Marked “A/C Payee” or “Not Negotiable”.
Cannot be encashed at the counter.
Amount is credited to the bank account only.
Exam Point: Crossing increases security of payment.
4. Post-Dated Cheque
Date mentioned is of a future date.
Cannot be honoured before the mentioned date.
Commonly used in loan EMIs and rent payments.
Exam Point: Becomes valid only on or after the date written.
5. Self Cheque
Drawer and payee are the same person.
Used for withdrawing own money from the bank.
Generally written as “Pay Self”.
Exam Point: No third-party involvement.
6. Blank Cheque
Cheque is signed, but amount is not filled.
Highly risky if lost or misused.

🌿 𝗥𝗔𝗠𝗦𝗔𝗥 𝗦𝗜𝗧𝗘𝗦 – 𝗜𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗔 (𝟮𝟬𝟮𝟱)
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
🌏 𝗧𝗼𝘁𝗮𝗹: 93 𝗦𝗶𝘁𝗲𝘀
🏞 𝗧𝗮𝗺𝗶𝗹 𝗡𝗮𝗱𝘂: 20 (Highest) | 𝗨𝘁𝘁𝗮𝗿 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗵: 10 (Second)
📜 𝗡𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗱 𝗮𝗳𝘁𝗲𝗿: Ramsar, Iran (1971)
🇮🇳 𝗜𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗮 𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻𝗲𝗱: 1 February 1982
🌳 𝗟𝗮𝗿𝗴𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝘁𝗲: Sundarbans Wetland (West Bengal - 4230 sq. km)
🏔 𝗦𝗺𝗮𝗹𝗹𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗦𝗶𝘁𝗲: Renuka Lake (Himachal Pradesh - 0.2 sq. km)
🆕 𝗟𝗮𝘁𝗲𝘀𝘁 𝗔𝗱𝗱𝗶𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 (Sep 2025): Gokul Jalashay and Udaipur Jheel in Bihar

📌 Government Set To Implement “One State, One RRB”

The Union Ministry of Finance is working on a plan to merge Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) under the “One State, One RRB” policy, aiming to reduce their number from 43 to 28. This move seeks to enhance operational efficiency and eliminate unnecessary competition among public sector banks sponsoring these RRBs.

Based on performance, the policy will involve merging RRBs within each state under a single sponsor bank. The ministry aims to improve service quality by streamlining the structure, particularly in areas like mobile banking technology

The consolidation builds on previous efforts that reduced the number of RRBs from 196 to 43, with states like Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and West Bengal most affected by the restructuring.
The policy focuses on cost rationalisation and strengthening the financial and operational frameworks of RRBs.

📌 Rajnath Singh Becomes First Raksha Mantri to Visit IAF’s Institute of Aerospace Medicine in Bengaluru

✅Raksha Mantri Shri Rajnath Singh created history by becoming the first Defence Minister of India to visit the Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) of the Indian Air Force (IAF) in Bengaluru, Karnataka, on March 09, 2025. His visit marked a significant step in recognizing the role of aerospace medicine in India's defence and aviation sectors.

During his visit, Shri Rajnath Singh was briefed about IAM’s unique role in pilot training, aeromedical research, and medical evaluation of Air Force personnel. He also inaugurated an important research project at the institute and emphasized the growing need for expertise in space medicine as India advances in both air and space domains.

✅Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) – A Hub for Aeromedical Research
The Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) is a premier institute under the Indian Air Force, dedicated to research and training in the field of aerospace medicine. The institute plays a crucial role in ensuring the physiological and psychological well-being of fighter pilots and astronauts.

During his visit, the Raksha Mantri was provided with an overview of IAM’s research and medical evaluation programs for fighter pilots. The institute conducts specialized aeromedical training to ensure that Air Force personnel are well-prepared for high-altitude, high-speed flight operations.

Inspection of Advanced Aerospace Training Facilities
Shri Rajnath Singh inspected IAM’s cutting-edge training simulators, which play a vital role in enhancing the capabilities of Indian fighter pilots. He visited the following facilities:

👉🏻Dynamic Flight Simulator & High-Performance Human Centrifuge: This equipment is used for high-G training to help fighter pilots withstand extreme gravitational forces encountered during aerial combat.
Spatial Disorientation Simulator: This system trains pilots to counteract the effects of spatial disorientation, a phenomenon that can lead to accidents if not managed properly.
These simulators are essential in preparing IAF pilots for combat scenarios and enhancing their physical and cognitive endurance during high-altitude missions.

Launch of Space Psychology Research Project
A key highlight of the visit was the launch of a major research initiative – the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) Extramural Research Project: Centre for Advanced Research. The project, titled ‘Space Psychology: Selection and Behavioural Health Training of Astronauts & Astronaut Designates for Indian Space Missions’, will focus on the following aspects:

Psychological selection of astronauts for Indian space missions.
Behavioral health training to prepare astronauts for the mental and emotional challenges of space travel.
Research on psychological resilience, isolation effects, and stress management during long-duration space missions.
With India making significant strides in space exploration, this project is expected to enhance astronaut training programs for upcoming human spaceflight missions under ISRO’s Gaganyaan program.

✅Importance of Aerospace Medicine in Defence and Aviation
While addressing senior officials and medical experts at IAM, Shri Rajnath Singh highlighted the growing importance of aerospace medicine in the following areas:

👉🏻Ensuring pilot safety and endurance: With India becoming the fastest-growing aviation market, research in high-altitude medicine is critical for both civil and military aviation.
👉🏻Space as a strategic domain: He noted that space has emerged as a critical domain in modern warfare, and India must develop expertise in aerospace medicine to prepare for future challenges.
👉🏻Combatting physiological challenges in space: He emphasized that astronauts face complex medical issues such as microgravity effects, radiation exposure, and psychological stress, which require advanced aerospace medical interventions.

✅IAM’s Contributions to Indigenous Defence Projects
Shri Rajnath Singh commended IAM for its contributions towards self-reliance in the aerospace sector. The institute has played a crucial role in:

Aero-medical consultancy for the design and development of crew modules.
Enhancing cockpit ergonomics and safety measures.
Supporting the development of India's indigenous aircraft, including:
Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)
Light Utility Helicopter (LUH)
Light Combat Helicopter (LCH)
Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas
Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) (under development)
These efforts have significantly contributed to India’s defence modernization and the Make in India initiative.

Happy Birthday, Arnab Sadhukhan Sir!
Wish you many happy returns of the day!! 🎈🎊 🎂🍰

📢 For all Coaching Centres and Educational Institutions

🎯 PM inaugurates Surat Diamond Bourse

The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi inaugurated the Surat Diamond Bourse today in Surat, Gujarat. Before the program, the Prime Minister also visited Panchtatva Garden, viewed the Green Building of Surat Diamond Bourse & SPINE-4, and signed the visitor booklet. Earlier in the day, the Prime Minister had also inaugurated the new terminal building at Surat Airport.

Addressing the gathering, the Prime Minister remarked that a new diamond has been added to the magnificence of Surat city. “It is not an ordinary diamond, but the best in the world”, Shri Modi said underlining that the radiance of the Surat Diamond Bourse is overshadowing the largest of edifices in the world. He credited the humbleness of Shri Vallabhbhai Lakhani and Shri Laljibhai Patel and the spirit of taking everyone along behind the success of such a huge mission as he congratulated the entire team of Surat Diamond Bourse on the occasion. “Surat Diamond Bourse will now come to the fore along with India’s pride during discussions about diamond bourses in the world”, he emphasized. The Prime Minister said, “Surat Diamond Bourse showcases the abilities of Indian designs, designers, materials and concepts. This building is a symbol of New India’s capabilities and resolutions.” Shri Modi congratulated the entire diamond industry, the people of Surat, Gujarat and India on the inauguration of the Surat Diamond Bourse. Recalling his walkthrough of the Surat Diamond Bourse earlier today, the Prime Minister highlighted the architecture and mentioned the Green Building which can become an example for environment advocates around the world, the overall architecture of the building which can be used as a tool for learning by architecture and structural engineering students, and the Panchtatva Garden which can be used as an example for a lesson in landscaping.

Talking about the two other gifts for Surat, the Prime Minister mentioned the inauguration of a new airport terminal at Surat and the elevation of the status of Surat Airport as an International airport. The gathering gave a standing ovation for the fulfillment of this long pending demand. He informed about the commencement of the Surat Dubai flight and the soon-to-start flight to Hong Kong. “With Surat, Gujarat now boasts three international airports”, he added.

📌 Background
Surat Diamond Bourse will be the World’s largest and most modern center for international diamond and jewelry business. It will be a global center for trading of both rough and polished diamonds as well as jewelry. Bourse will comprise state-of-the-art ‘Customs Clearance House’ for Import – Export; a Jewelry mall for retail jewelry business and a facility for International Banking and Safe Vaults.

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📌 DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS

1) The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) has introduced the 'Rajmargyatra' mobile app, to provide seamless travel experience on Indian National Highways.
➨The ‘Rajmargyatra’ app is designed to be user-friendly and is available for download on both the Google Play Store and iOS App Store.
▪️National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) :-
➨Founded - 1988
➨Sector - Indian National Highway System
➨Purpose - Development and maintenance of national highways
➨Headquarters - New Delhi

2) Maj Gen Amita Rani has been appointed as Additional Director General, Military Nursery Service (MNS).
➨ The General Officer is an alumnus of the College of Nursing, Army Hospital (R&R), Delhi.

3) Union Minister for Women and Child Development Smriti Zubin Irani has inaugurated the G20 EMPOWER Summit in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
➨ The theme of the summit is "Women-Led Development: ensuring a Sustainable, inclusive, and equitable global economic growth".

4) Shivendra Nath has been appointed as the Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) of Engineering Projects (India) Ltd., a public sector undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

5) The government collected Rs 1,65,105 crore from Goods and Services Tax (GST) in July 2023, an 11 per cent year-on-year growth, according to figures released by the Ministry of Finance.

6) Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla inaugurated the 20th annual conference of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association India Region.
➨ The four-day conference will deliberate on natural disasters and strategies for management with special reference to the northeast region.

7) The Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has imposed a ban on the manufacturing, sale, and distribution of ketoprofen and aceclofenac to protect vultures in the country.

8) The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment has launched the National Action Plan for Drug Demand Reduction (NAPDDR) scheme under The Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA).

9) World No. 1 Iga Swiatek claimed her fourth title of the season with a 6-0, 6-1 win defeating Laura Siegemund in the final of the BNP Paribas Warsaw Open.

10) The United States Senate confirmed Indian-American policy expert and businesswoman Nisha Desai Biswal as the Deputy Chief Executive Officer of the US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC).

11) The Padma Bhushan awardee and IAS officer of the Gujarat cadre, 1960 batch, N Vittal passed away at the age of 85 in Chennai.

12) Union Minister Dr Jitendra Singh launched India’s first Indigenously developed, Affordable, lightweight, Ultrafast, High Field (1.5 Tesla), Next Generation Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scanner in New Delhi.

13) Union Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports Shri Anurag Singh Thakur inaugurated the Asian Youth and Junior Weightlifting Championships 2023, which is being held in India for the first time at Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida.

14) World Breastfeeding Week (WBW) is celebrated every year from August 01 to August 07 in remembrance of the Innocenti Declaration from 1990.
➨This year 2023, the World Breastfeeding Week theme is "Let’s make breastfeeding and work, work!"

15) Shooter Aishwarya Pratap Singh Tomar clinched Gold medal for India on the 2nd day of FISU World University Games in Chengdu, China.

16) The state of Maharashtra has decided to approve setting up Vertical University Campus (VUC) in Mumbai and Thane due to less space available in the city thus becoming the first state in the country to approve such campuses.
▪️ Maharashtra :-
➨ Sanjay Gandhi (Borivali) National Park
➨ Tadoba National Park
➨Nawegaon National Park
➨Gugamal National Park
➨Chandoli National Park