13/05/2025
**Basic English Grammar** — suitable for school students or beginners:
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# # 🟩 1. **Parts of Speech (শব্দের প্রকারভেদ)**
There are **8 main parts of speech**:
| Part of Speech | Explanation | Example |
| ---------------- | ----------------------------------- | --------------------- |
| **Noun** | নাম বা ব্যক্তি, বস্তু, স্থান | Ram, book, Kolkata |
| **Pronoun** | Noun-এর পরিবর্তে ব্যবহৃত | he, she, it, they |
| **Verb** | কাজ বোঝায় | go, eat, run |
| **Adjective** | Noun/Pronoun-কে বর্ণনা করে | big, red, beautiful |
| **Adverb** | Verb/Adjective-কে বর্ণনা করে | quickly, very, well |
| **Preposition** | Noun/Pronoun-এর সঙ্গে সম্পর্ক বোঝায় | in, on, at, under |
| **Conjunction** | দুটি শব্দ/বাক্যকে যুক্ত করে | and, but, or, because |
| **Interjection** | হঠাৎ অনুভূতির প্রকাশ | oh!, wow!, alas! |
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# # 🟩 2. **Tenses (কাল)**
Tense বোঝায় **সময়** — কাজটি কখন হয়েছে:
| Tense Type | Example |
| ----------- | ------------------------------- |
| **Present** | I eat rice. (আমি ভাত খাই) |
| **Past** | I ate rice. (আমি ভাত খেলাম) |
| **Future** | I will eat rice. (আমি ভাত খাবো) |
Each tense has 4 forms: simple, continuous, perfect, perfect continuous.
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# # 🟩 3. **Sentence Structure**
Typical English sentence order is:
**Subject + Verb + Object**
🔸 Example:
* He (subject) reads (verb) a book (object).
* They are playing football.
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# # 🟩 4. **Articles (a, an, the)**
* **a**: before a consonant sound → a pen
* **an**: before a vowel sound → an apple
* **the**: for something specific → the sun, the Taj Mahal
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# # 🟩 5. **Subject-Verb Agreement**
Singular subject → Singular verb
Plural subject → Plural verb
🔸 Example:
* She **reads** well.
* They **read** well.
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# # 🟩 6. **Question Making (WH-questions & Yes/No)**
**WH-words**: who, what, when, where, why, how
🔸 Example:
* What is your name?
* Where do you live?
**Yes/No question:**
* Do you like tea?
* Is he coming?
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# # 🟩 7. **Negatives**
To make negative sentences:
Use **not** with auxiliary/helping verb
🔸 Example:
* I do **not** play.
* She is **not** here.
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# # 🟩 8. **Pronouns & Possessives**
| Subject | Object | Possessive |
| ------- | ------ | ---------- |
| I | me | my |
| You | you | your |
| He | him | his |
| She | her | her |
| It | it | its |
| We | us | our |
| They | them | their |
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# # 🟩 9. **Common Helping Verbs**
* do, does, did
* is, am, are, was, were
* have, has, had
* will, shall, can, could, may, might, must
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# # 🟩 10. **Some Basic Vocabulary (with Bengali meaning)**
| English | Bengali Meaning |
| ------- | --------------- |
| Eat | খাওয়া |
| Run | দৌড়ানো |
| Book | বই |
| Happy | খুশি |
| Big | বড় |
| Red | লাল |
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