PHYSIO-graphy

𝘾𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮 #4

Osteosarcoma- Clavicle

𝙎𝙪𝙗𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩- 16 Years - Male

𝘾𝙡𝙤.
•pain in the (R) clavicle - 4 months •swelling in the (A) clavicle - 3 months

𝙃𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙮
•Pain started first, localized to the affected region, constant pricking pain. Aggravated during shou lder movements. Relieved by taking analgesics. Night pain present
•Swelling- occurred after the pain. Progressively increasing in size
•No H/o. trauma
•No family history of similar complaints

𝙄𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•Swelling present over the distal 1/3d of the clavicle (R)
•Skin over the swelling is shiny and stretched with engorged veins •Wasting of deltoid present

𝙋𝙖𝙡𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•Swelling of size 5 x 4 cms. Localized to distal 1/3 of clavicle, search for lymphnodes around clavicle extending superiorly, inferiorly, medially and laterally
•Warmth +, tenderness +, firm to hard in consistency, ill defined •Arising from the clavicle, borders not well defined, merges with the clavicle

𝙈𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩 𝙤𝙛 𝙧𝙞𝙜𝙝𝙩 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧
•Flexion 0-40 degree restricted by the mass
•Abduction 0-60 degree restricted by mass
•External / internal rotation 0-20 degree
•No distal neuro-vascular deficit

𝙄𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•X-Ray (R) Shoulder with Clavicle - AP:- Bone lesion with ill defined and permeative borders with areas of new bone production and bone destruction. Codman's triangle+with sunburst appearance

𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙋𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨
1)Osteosarcoma is a tumor characterized by production of osteoid by malignant cells.
2)Second most common primary malignancy of bone.
3)Onset can be of at any age, but commonly the second decade of life. Parosteal osteosarcoma has a peak incidence in the third and urth decades and secondary osteosarcomas are more common in older individuals.
4)Incidence slightly higher in males.
5)Osteosarcoma of clavicle can be treated by complete resection of clavicle with litle side effects.

𝘾𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝘾𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮#3

CONGENITAL PSEUDO ARTHROSIS - CLAVICLE

𝙎𝙪𝙗𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩- 2 Years - Female (Intormant- Mother)

𝙃𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙮
•Clo. lump over the right neck since birth
•Normal full term delivery •Milestones normal Immunization coverage is proper
•Lump not associated with pain

𝙄𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•Mass of 3 x 2 cms, seen over the right clavicle at the middle 1/3rd
•Skin over the swelling is normal
•No scars or sinuses or engorged veins

𝙋𝙖𝙡𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•Not warm, no tenderness
•Deformity palpable at the middle 1/3d of right clavicle
•Gap is palpable in the middle 1/3rd and projected medial 1/3d of clavicle
•Yielding is present

𝙈𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩
•Clavicle on right side is short by 2 cm. compared to left side

𝙈𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩
•Right shoulder hyper mobility present

𝙄𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•X-ray right shoulder with clavicle - Gap middle 1/3d of clavicle

𝙄𝙢𝙥𝙤𝙧𝙩𝙖𝙣𝙩 𝙋𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙩𝙨
1. Rare and almost invariably occurs on the right side.
2. Clavicle develops in two masses by medial and lateral ossification centres, pseudo arthrosis develops by failure of ossification of the pre cartilaginous bridge that would normally connect the two ossification centers.
3. Other theory is that lesion is caused by compression of immature clavicle by sub clavian artery.
4. Present at birth and in the middle 1/3d of clavicle.
5. Indication for surgery: Unacceptable appearance. Thoracic outlet syndrome caused by compression of the subclavian artery by the medial end of the lateral clavicular ligament. Ideal treatment is open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws and bone grafting. Ideal age for treatment is between 3 and 5 years.

𝘿𝙞𝙛𝙛𝙚𝙧𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙙𝙞𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙨 includes
a. Cleido cranial dysostosis.
b. Non-union after a clavicular fracture c. Birth Injury.

𝘾𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙘𝙖𝙨𝙚 𝙨𝙩𝙪𝙙𝙮#2

ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS (FROZEN SHOULDER)

𝙎𝙪𝙗𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩- 45 Years - female

𝘾𝙡𝙤.
•pain in the right shoulder- 2 months
•Limitation of movements 2 months

𝙃𝙞𝙨𝙩𝙤𝙧𝙮
•Pain insidious onset .
•Gradually increasing in severity associated with restricted •movements and difficulty in lying on affected side
•Known diabetic, hypertensive on treatment

𝙄𝙣𝙨𝙥𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•Wasting of deltoid muscle present on the right side Skin over the right shoulder normal
•No mass or scar or sinus visibly seen

𝙋𝙖𝙡𝙥𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•No localized tenderness

𝙈𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨
•Limitation of abduction and external rotation with restriction of active and passive movements in all directions

𝘙𝘪𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘚𝘩𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥𝘦𝘳
•Active/Passive Flexion--> 0-60 degree /Further 15 degree
•Abduction 0- 60 degree /Further 10 degree
•External rotation 0-15 degree/ Further 10 degree
•Internal rotation 0-20 degree/ Further 5 degree Extension possible

𝙈𝙚𝙖𝙨𝙪𝙧𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨
• No limb length discrepancy No •distal neuro-vascular deficit

𝙄𝙣𝙫𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙞𝙜𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣
•X-ray Right shoulder:- Bone density in the head of humerus decreased Arthrography Right shoulder Contracted joint

••Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Myofascial pain syndrome is myofascial pain that lasts a long time.

• Myofascial pain or “soft tissue pain” is a type of muscle pain. It affects the muscle fibres (muscle cells) and the fascia (connective tissue that covers muscles).

Myofascial pain syndrome may affect:

• a single muscle or a muscle group (such as the chest, back, leg)
• one or more areas of the body

The myofascial pain syndrome is one of the most common causes of chronic pain that includes such common pain syndromes as

- migraine
- whiplash
- tendonitis
- joint pain and immobility
- carpal tunnel syndrome
- facial and jaw pain

𝘾𝙡𝙞𝙣𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙡 𝙨𝙮𝙢𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙨

- inflammation of myofascia
- muscle trigger points
- referred pain
- sleeping difficulties

𝘾𝙖𝙪𝙨𝙚𝙨
- injury &/or infection
- poor posture/ strain
- psychological/ muscle tension
- repetitive motion

𝙏𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩
• Prevention of getting new trigger points
• Relax existing trigger points
• Aerobic exercise 5 days a week
• Gentle stretching several times a day
• Patient should do activities that help to relax every day
• Build muscle strength



Picture credit- google

•• 𝙀𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙣𝙠𝙡𝙚





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•• 𝙈𝙖𝙨𝙨𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙝𝙣𝙞𝙦𝙪𝙚𝙨




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•𝙁𝙖𝙘𝙞𝙖𝙡 𝙥𝙖𝙡𝙨𝙮 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨




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•• 𝙀𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙡𝙤𝙬 𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙠 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙣



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𝙀𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙣𝙚𝙘𝙠 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙣



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••Kinesiology taping techniques (part-3)




What is kinesiology taping and it's benefits all are already discussed in previous post. Please go through that.




credit- ARES KINESIOLOGY TAPE& others

••Kinesiology taping techniques (part-2)




What is kinesiology taping and it's benefits all are already discussed in previous post. Please go through that.




credit- ARES KINESIOLOGY TAPE& others

••Kinesiology taping techniques (part-1)




What is kinesiology taping and it's benefits all are already discussed in previous post. Please go through that.




credit- ARES KINESIOLOGY TAPE& others

A 𝙆𝙞𝙣𝙚𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮 𝙩𝙖𝙥𝙚 is an elastic therapeutic and sporting tape for Kinesiology. 𝙏𝙖𝙥𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙙, which is worldwide technique being used in many sporting fields as successfully as with patients in a physiotherapeutic setting.

Kinesiology Tape is designed to the same thickness and elasticity with longitudinal stretch of 30~40% of its resting length.

Kinesiology Tape is used in treatment of muscle, fascia and tendon symptoms and for performance enhancement by way of continuous receptor stimulation.

Natural healing process is therefore instantly enhanced due to improved circulation in the taped area.

>Treat Muscle Pain
>Prevent Joint Arthritis
>Strengthen Performances

• 𝙋𝙖𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙥𝙝𝙮𝙨𝙞𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮 𝙤𝙛 𝙥𝙖𝙞𝙣 𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨

When a muscle is inflamed, swollen, or stiff, the space between the skin and the muscle is compressed, resulting in constriction and congestion to the flow of lymphatic fluid and blood circulation. This compression applies pressure to the pain receptors located in the space between the skin and the muscle, which in turn relays discomfort signals to the brain resulting in the sense of ‘pain’ of affected area.

•𝙈𝙚𝙘𝙝𝙖𝙣𝙞𝙨𝙢 𝙤𝙛 𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣

If a stretch is applied over the skin of the affected area before the application of Kinesiology tape the taped area will form wrinkles when the applied area is back to its normal or neutral position. The wrinkling effect formed by Kinesiology tape is essential since this lifting of the skin creates more space for lymph and blood flow.

Therefore the lymph drainage as well as blood circulation in the affected area can be improved effectively through taping application.
Eventually, the friction between the tissues beneath the skin is decreased due to the promoted movement of lymphatic fluid and blood circulation. Pain is reduced because the pressure on the pain receptors is lessened. The end results are believed to be reduced muscle fatigue, increase in range of motion (ROM), and better quality of muscle contraction.

•𝙄𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨

-Sport injuries
-Neurological conditions
-Musculoskeletal conditions
-Geriatrics
-Pediatrics

•𝘾𝙤𝙣𝙩𝙧𝙖𝙞𝙣𝙙𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣𝙨

-Cellulitis
-Infection
-Open wounds
-Deep vein thrombosis(DVT)
-Malignancy



Source- ARES kinesiology tape and others

••NON-UNION FRACTURE -CLAVICLE

Subject- 27 Years / Male

•C/o. inability to lift the right arm above shoulder - 3 months

•History

->History of fall on outstretched hand on right side - 3 months ago

->History of indigenous treatment present (+) - Duration (2 months)

-> History of fall on point of shoulder (or) History of direct trauma to clavicle

•Inspection

-> Attitude : Arm adducted, elbow slightly flexed, forearm and wrist in neutral position

-> Swelling over the medial 2/3'd and lateral 1/3'd right clavicle present Deformity visibly seen

-> Depression of skin over deformity seen

•Palpation

->No swelling palpable but a gap is felt

->No tenderness

->Abnormal mobility + both in antero posterior plane and when asking the patient to abduct his right shoulder

•Movement of Right Shoulder

Flexion 40 — 80 degree
Abduction possible O — 100 degree; further 10 degree passively
Extension O — 40 degree
Ext. / Internal rotation 0 — 45 degree further 5 degree passively possible

•Measurement

-> I cm. Shortening of right clavicle compared to Left

•Investigation

-> X-ray right shoulder with clavicle :- Nonunion Fracture clavicle

•Important Points

1. Nonunion of fractures of clavicle is rare except in cases of middle 1/3 fractures.

2. Patients may have symptoms of pain on movement of shoulder or a grating sensation, though some patients have absolutely no symptoms.

3. Only those patients with sufficient symptoms should be considered for surgery.

4. Treatment would be plate fixation and bone grafting

••Medial epicondylitis

Medial epicondylitis also known as Golfer's elbow. Occurs mainly due to tearing of the muscle fibres originating from medical epicondyle of humerus. It is the inflammation of the medical epicondyle of humerus. Everything is as similar as lateral epicondylitis but associated with medial epicondyle of humerus.

•Clinical tests

-> Passive extension of the wrist with elbow extension cause pain on medial side of elbow

->localise pain on the medial epicondyle

••Lateral epicondylitis

Lateral epicondylitis, also known as tennis elbow, refers to inflammation of the lateral epicondyle of the humerus. All the wrist extensors have one common tendinous origin that is lateral epicondyle of humerus. Due to repetitive stress, some of the fibers of the extensors get teared and initiates inflammation to the lateral epicondyle of humerus. Actually the fibrous attachment of the muscles anchored into the periosteum of bone and any stress causing tearing of muscle fibers leads to damage of periosteum, and this leads to inflammation.

•Clinical features

->Tenderness over the lateral epicondyle
->Oedema
->Redness
->Patient will feel pain during extend wrist.

•cause

-> Repetitive mechanical force.
-> trauma
-> idiopathic
-> injury cause calcification
-> Inflammation of annular ligament

Q) Who are more susceptible to have tennis elbow?

- In India, the householder womans are more prone to suffer from this condition. Apart from that, it is also common in athletes, gym enthusiasts etc.

•clinical features

->Local tenderness at lateral epicondyle with aching pain on the back of forearm.

-> Cozen's test- painful resisted extension of the wrist with elbow and full extension elicits pain at the lateral elbow.

-> Passive wrist flexion with elbow in full extension cause severe pain at lateral elbow. Treatment conservative treatment is enough to cure.

•Treatment

-> ultrasound therapy
-> active ROM exercises
-> tennis elbow belt
-> hot application
-> resisted exercises

••Ruptured Supraspinatus tendon.

During initiation or commencement of abduction of shoulder, Supraspinatus keeps the humoral head into the glenoid fossa.

If any of the tendon get starts to degenerate, this leads also degeneration of other nearby tendons. That means it spreads.

In chronic or advance case of supraspinatus tendonitis, the tendon undergoes for necrosis and this leads to calcification or ruptured of the tendon.

•A ruptured Supraspinatus tendon is characterised by-

Patient will be unable to abduct his arm by himself when asked to abduct. But if first 15 degree abduction is initiated passively, the patient can perform full ROM abduction as the deltoid takes over the abduction after 15 degree upto right angle.

Subacromial bursitis, supraspinatus tendonitis or pericapsulitis shows painful arc syndrome (painful arc in middle of the abduction as the deceased area impinges or the lateral edge of acromion)




P.C- google

••Supraspinatus tendonitis

Supraspinatus originates from medial 2/3 of supraspinous fossa and goes laterally below to the acromion process of the scapula to get attached into greater tuberosity at higher expression of humerus.

Some of the fibers from the tendon blended with joint capsule of shoulder joint.

Action- Initiation of abduction(first 15°,then deltoid).

That means that tendon of the supraspinatus muscle is exposed to acromion process which is a bony structure. This cause friction of tendon with a acromion. But friction is reduced by subacromial bursae present just below the acromion (between acromion process and the tendon).

Any degenerative change in the subacromial Bursa cause leads to degeneration of supraspinatus tendon as well as vice versa. As a result of which abduction movement get hampered and as well as pain is felt at shoulder joint, due to impingement of tendon/bursae. The condition is known as 'Supraspinatus Tendonitis' or 'Subacromial Bursitis' or sometimes 'Pericapsulitis'.

•Characteristics

It is characterized by the presence of spasm or pain in the middle range of abduction, when the diseased area impinges on the acromion.
(Pain is felt during the middle range of abduction).

••Resisted exercises with thera-band

••Muscle palpation technique



Dedicated to physiotherapy professionals and students. I hope this information would be helpful to you. Thank you.

••𝙀𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙊𝙨𝙩𝙚𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙩𝙝𝙧𝙞𝙩𝙞𝙨 𝙤𝙛 𝙠𝙣𝙚𝙚 𝙟𝙤𝙞𝙣𝙩



It is for educational purpose only. If you have osteoarthritis, better consult your physiotherapist and do exercises as per instructions.

•𝙏𝙊𝙋𝙄𝘾: 𝙊𝙎𝙏𝙀𝙊𝘼𝙍𝙏𝙃𝙍𝙄𝙏𝙄𝙎 𝙊𝙁 𝙆𝙉𝙀𝙀



I hope it would be very informative

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙗𝙙𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 (𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚) 𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙨 (part-2)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-13]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙗𝙙𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙣𝙖𝙡 (𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚) 𝙢𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚𝙨 (part-1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-12]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙡𝙚𝙜 (part-2)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-11]







Picture credit- google

Muscle building exercises for leg (part-1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-10]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙨 (part-2)

*Including forearm muscles



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-9]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙖𝙧𝙢𝙨 (part-1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-8]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙠 (part-2)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-7]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙗𝙖𝙘𝙠 (part-1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-6]

Happy World Physiotherapy Day 2022. Greetings from PHYSIO-graphy to all the physiotherapy professionals, students..

Theme- Osteoarthritis

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙩 (part-2)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-5]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙘𝙝𝙚𝙨𝙩 (part-1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-4]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 (part- 3)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-3]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 (part- 2)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- Muscle building exercises [post-2]

𝙈𝙪𝙨𝙘𝙡𝙚 𝙗𝙪𝙞𝙡𝙙𝙞𝙣𝙜 𝙚𝙭𝙚𝙧𝙘𝙞𝙨𝙚𝙨 𝙛𝙤𝙧 𝙨𝙝𝙤𝙪𝙡𝙙𝙚𝙧 (part- 1)



Intensity of muscle building exercises increases with achieved new benchmarks.. Muscle building exercises should always done under guidance of a professional trainer..

Series- muscle building exercises [post-1]

𝙋𝙚𝙨 𝙘𝙖𝙫𝙪𝙨/ 𝙘𝙖𝙫𝙚 𝙛𝙤𝙤𝙩

The term Pes cavus defines high medial longitudinal arch of foot. In this case, the first ray of foot become too much plantarflexed.
Actually, the arrangement of our foot is like a tripod. The tripod consists of first Ray (medially) , 5th ray (laterally) and calcaneus (posteriorly). The weight is transmitted to the ground through these three points. We can also consider them as the pillars.

But, due to any condition, if the first ray become plantarflexed and more rigid, that leads to elevation of the medial longitudinal arch as a result of which the concavity of dorsum of foot increases. This is known as Pes cavus or cave foot.

Actually, in most cases the contracture in the peroneus longus muscle as well as weak intrinsic muscle cause elevation of the medial longitudinal arch. Peroneus Longus is a powerful plantarflexor of foot than Tibialis anterior.

In cave foot, our foot faces a varus stress. In order to maintain the weight bearing force distribution, our foot tries to keep all the three pillars at a same level so that they equally touch the ground. In case of cavus foot, First ray become hyper plantarflexed as a result of which a varus force act on the foot to restore the tripod mechanism.

𝘿𝙞𝙖𝙜𝙣𝙤𝙨𝙞𝙨
•Physical Assessment, •radiological imaging

𝙎𝙮𝙢𝙥𝙩𝙤𝙢𝙨
•Inward tilting of head
•Corns or callus on heel or ball of foot
•Foot pain
•Those become bent during standing.

𝙏𝙧𝙚𝙖𝙩𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩
In early or reversible cases physiotherapy management is the best option but in some severe cases surgical management may be required.