08/05/2023
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Optimistic prospects such as these assumed that independence could be negotiated peacefully with the British after the war. No account was taken of, or allowance made for, a possibly violent partition that could accompany the call for a separate Muslim homeland in the subcontinent. The Muslim League, along with the Communist Party, prospered during hostilities. When Congress withdrew from government in Madras, United Provinces, Bihar, Central Provinces and Orissa at the beginning of the war, the League improved its position in those places as well as in Assam, Sind, Bengal and the Northwest Frontier. In addition, the League strengthened itself tactically by organizing paramilitary adjuncts to defend Muslims and their neighbourhoods, and by addressing class interests in several ways. In Bengal and Punjab, the League adopted radical social policies as it strove to replace the leftist leadership of Muslim tenant farmers who struggled against Hindu zamindars, landlords and money - lenders. In other contexts, the League persuaded Muslim businessmen that they could enlarge their share of trade and manufacture if they had morepolitical advantages. These and other arguments were widely publicized through the newspapers devoted to the League ’ s causes in many parts of northern India.
