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Libcognizance is all about new trends and technologies which helps in redefining the role of librari

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AI Tools can Augment Librarians' Work 29/09/2023

While AI tools can assist librarians in various tasks, it's important to note that they are unlikely to fully replace librarians. Librarians provide valuable expertise and human interaction that is difficult to replicate entirely with AI. However, AI tools can augment librarians' work and make certain tasks more efficient. Here are AI tools that can assist librarians:

1. Reference Chatbox

AI-powered chatbots can handle routine reference inquiries, freeing up librarians to focus on more complex queries. A ChatBot can be deployed on the library website. The users can directly interact with the ChatBots to inquire about their acount details. The ChatBot will authenticate the user and provide a set of choices to choose from. Following tools can be used to build chatbots.

Amazon Lex

Amazon Lex is a service provided by Amazon Web Services (AWS) that enables developers to build conversational interfaces and chatbots into their applications. It uses advanced natural language processing (NLP) and automatic speech recognition (ASR) capabilities to understand and interpret user inputs in the form of text or speech.

Amazon Lex



IBM Watson Assistant

IBM Watson Assistant is a powerful artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language understanding (NLU) service provided by IBM. It is designed to help businesses and developers create interactive chatbots and virtual agents that can engage in natural language conversations with users across various channels, such as websites, mobile apps, messaging platforms, and voice interfaces. Here are some key features and functionalities of IBM Watson Assistant

IBM Watson Assistant



2. Content Recommendation Engine

AI algorithms can analyze user preferences and behavior to recommend relevant books, articles, or resources. A content-based recommendation system recommends items to a user by taking similarity of items. This recommendation system recommends books or items based on the description or features. It identifies the similarity between the books based on their description. It also considers the user's previous history in order to recommend a similar product.

Goodreads

It is a social media platform that allows users to recommend and rate books. It’s a great resource to find new books, to see what your friends may be reading or have read, and which books may be more popular than others. A book recommendation engine uses various algorithms and user data to provide personalized book recommendations to its users. Discover new and enticing books to read, as well as giving the user the capability of storing a virtual bookshelf of books that you have read in the past, or those that you put on the part of the shelf that you’d like to-read. They also have a section called “Recommendations”, where it learns about your personal tastes from your ratings, then generates recommendations unique to you.

Goodreads



3. Metadata Tagging and Cleaning

AI can automate the tagging and categorization of library materials, making it easier to manage and search for resources, services like:

OpenRefine

OpenRefine, formerly known as Google Refine, is an open-source data cleaning and transformation tool that is used for working with messy and inconsistent data. It provides a user-friendly interface for data preparation and data wrangling tasks, making it easier to clean, reconcile, and enhance data from various sources.

Key features and functionalities of OpenRefine include:

1. Data Cleaning

2. Data Transformation

3. Data Reconciliation

4. Faceted Browsing

5. Data Extraction

6. Data Import and Export

7. History and Undo

8. Extensions and Plugins

9. Data Exploration

OpenRefine is particularly useful for data analysts, data scientists, and data engineers who work with messy and heterogeneous datasets. It helps streamline the data preparation process and ensures that data is clean and structured for analysis or further processing. Being open source, it is freely available for anyone to download, use, and contribute to its development and enhancement.



OpenRefine

4. Text and Document analysis

AI tools like Natural Language Processing (NLP) can analyze the content of books and documents, making it easier to extract key information, summarize texts, and identify relevant passages. The major applications of text mining in library services are in classification, keyword
extraction, named entity recognition, topic modelling and clustering which can make libraries
work efficiently for their information management, information retrieval and decision making.

Google Natural Language Api

Google Natural Language API is a cloud-based service provided by Google Cloud Platform (GCP) that allows developers to perform various natural language processing (NLP) tasks using Google's pre-trained machine learning models. These models are designed to analyze and extract information from text, making it easier to understand and work with textual data.

Google Natural Language Api

MonkeyLearn

MonkeyLearn is a text analysis platform that offers a range of natural language processing (NLP) tools and machine learning models to help individuals and businesses extract valuable insights from textual data. It's designed to make it easier for non-technical users to perform text analysis and gain insights from unstructured text data without extensive coding or machine learning expertise.

Here are some key features:

Text Classification:
MonkeyLearn allows users to build and train custom text classification models.
You can categorize text data into predefined categories or labels, making it
useful for tasks like sentiment analysis, topic classification, and content
categorization.

Sentiment Analysis:
It provides pre-built sentiment analysis models that can determine whether a
piece of text expresses a positive, negative, or neutral sentiment. Users can
also create custom sentiment analysis models tailored to their specific needs.

Entity Recognition:
MonkeyLearn can identify and extract entities such as people, places,
organizations, and more from text data.

Keyword Extraction: You
can use MonkeyLearn to automatically extract keywords and key phrases from
text, helping with content summarization and understanding document topics.

Text Extraction:
It can extract specific pieces of information from text using custom rules,
making it valuable for data extraction from documents like invoices, emails,
and more.

Custom Model Training:
Users can train their own machine learning models using MonkeyLearn's
easy-to-use interface. This allows you to create models that are specific to
your domain and use case.

Integration:
MonkeyLearn offers integrations with various platforms, including popular
applications like Zapier, Google Sheets, and more. This makes it easy to
incorporate text analysis into your existing workflows.

API Access:
MonkeyLearn provides an API for developers, allowing for seamless integration
into custom applications and systems.

MonkeyLearn's user-friendly interface and pre-built models
make it accessible to a wide range of users, including business analysts,
marketers, and data scientists. It's commonly used for tasks such as customer
feedback analysis, social media monitoring, content analysis, and automating
text-related processes.

MonkeyLearn

5. Digital Asset Management (DAM) Systems

DAM systems powered by AI can help librarians organize and manage digital collections, including images, audio, and video files.

Adobe Experience Manager

Adobe Experience Manager (AEM) is a comprehensive content management solution offered by Adobe Systems. It is a web content management system (WCMS) that provides a suite of tools and services for building websites, mobile apps, and forms, as well as managing digital assets and online marketing campaigns. AEM is designed to help organizations create, manage, and deliver digital experiences across various channels and platforms.

Adobe Experience Manager

6. Content Digitization

Document scanners and OCR (Optical Character Recognition) software can convert physical books and documents into digital formats efficiently. Tools like:

ABBYY FineReader and Adobe Scan are example.

ABBYY FineReader

ABBYY FineReader is an optical character recognition (OCR) software developed by ABBYY, a technology company known for its document recognition and text extraction solutions. ABBYY FineReader is designed to convert scanned documents, images, and PDF files into editable and searchable formats, making it a valuable tool for individuals and businesses dealing with large volumes of paper-based or non-editable digital documents.

ABBYY FineReader

7. Preservation and Restoration

AI tools can assist in the preservation and restoration of old or damaged materials, such as digitizing fragile manuscripts or restoring faded photographs.

VanceAI Photo Restorer

VanceAI Photo Restorer is a software or online service that specializes in restoring and enhancing old or damaged photographs using artificial intelligence (AI) and image processing techniques. These types of tools are designed to improve the quality and appearance of old or deteriorated photos, bringing them closer to their original condition.

VanceAI Photo Restorer

8. Data Mining for Research

Researchers often use AI tools to mine large datasets and uncover trends or insights in academic research. Tools like Python libraries (e.g., NLTK, spaCy) and software like Tableau can assist in this.

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit)

NLTK (Natural Language Toolkit) and spaCy are both popular Python libraries for natural language processing (NLP), but they serve different purposes and have distinct features and capabilities.

NLTK

SpaCy

spaCy is an open-source library for natural language processing (NLP) in Python. It is designed to be efficient, fast, and user-friendly, making it a popular choice for various NLP tasks, including text analysis, information extraction, and linguistic processing. spaCy is widely used in both research and production environments and is known for its robustness and performance.

VanceAI Photo Restorer

9. Citation and Plagiarism Detection

AI-powered software can help librarians and researchers with citation management and plagiarism detection. Tools like Zotero and Turnitin are commonly used in this context.

Zotero

Zotero is a free and open-source reference management software tool designed to help researchers, scholars, and students collect, organize, cite, and share their research materials. It simplifies the process of managing references, citations, and bibliographies, making it easier for users to keep track of their sources and seamlessly incorporate them into their research projects.

Zotero

Turnitin

Turnitin's AI writing detection capability is designed to help educators identify text that might be prepared by a generative AI tool. It has a technology that can detect AI-assisted writing and AI writing generated by tools such as ChatGPT

Turnitin

10. Digital Archives Search

AI can enhance the search capabilities of digital archives, making it easier for users to discover historical documents and materials. Archives like the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) are increasingly utilizing AI for this purpose.

National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for preserving and managing the nation's historical records. NARA's primary mission is to safeguard and provide access to the records of the federal government, ensuring that these records are available for research, historical analysis, and government transparency.

NARA

AI Tools can Augment Librarians' Work While AI tools can assist librarians in various tasks, it's important to note that they are unlikely to fully replace librarians. Librarians provide v

STEM Librarian: broader shift in librarianship 23/09/2023

Since the very early ages, libraries have been the places of books and reading to support education and literacy. The professional training that librarians have in their career of library and information science is competent enough for working in any type of library. With the changing landscape of teaching in various STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) related areas involving innovative projects, interactive exhibitions, and hands-on workshops, more and more libraries are responding to the needs of learners in their STEM-related activities. "Library professionals are now expected to work as STEM educators to facilitate user participation in STEM learning activities. STEM educators in both formal and informal learning environments are the ones who traditionally facilitate the development of STEM thinking.1" (Baek, 2013). As we know, in libraries everywhere, not all library professionals have a background in STEM. They come from different streams of education, which may be science, the arts, or commerce. So, to work in a STEM library, library professionals need to have knowledge of STEM areas or STEM backgrounds so that they may be able to grasp the professional development training programs that will help them develop their skills in STEM-related activities.

Shift from the role Librarianship to STEM Librarianship

"Librarianship is defined here as performing the following five primary functions of library services based on the needs of the population served: collect information, acquire information, organize information, retrieve information, and disseminate information"2 (MacKellar, 2008). The secondary duties include assisting and instructing, providing services and programs, utilizing technology, and preserving and conserving library materials. Now the librarian's role is shifting from their normal role as defined above to the role of educator to instruct users, utilize technology, and provide programs related to STEM. Their job functions involve helping scholars access and interpret data, applying discovery tools, managing collections, and reviewing the STEM literature.

What is STEM Librarianship?

"STEM" is an abbreviation of (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). The specialist position in STEM often emphasizes knowledge of these fields along with librarianship expertise. The librarians without backgrounds in these subjects find it difficult to gain the skills and experience required for STEM librarianship.

"The term STEM librarian is used to define a librarian who contributes to the design, development, or delivery of STEM learning activities and programs, even if it is not part of their primary duties."3 (John Y. Baek, October 2013)

Eligibility criteria of STEM Librarian:

A formal degree in the STEM field or STEM activities experience.

Hands-on experience or research experience will add more value.

Desire and eagerness to learn more about STEM resources and activities.

Various investigatory analyses and surveys have been done on the workings of STEM specialists, their skill requirements, and job announcements. They reveal that a formal education in STEM subjects is an asset for STEM librarians, as they understand the students needs more easily and communicate more effectively with them. "Librarians with STEM backgrounds expressed advantages in teaching information literacy to a STEM audience as they have a deeper, user-centered knowledge of journals and databases and knowledge of concepts like authority and methodology within the context of their discipline."4 (Lisa Dunn et al., 2021)

It is found that "most of the positions are for research librarians with liaison duties in medicine/health science, mathematics, engineering, chemistry, and physics. The majority of the positions require a Master’s degree in library and information science, and about half of the positions require or prefer a background in a related science or STEM field."5 (Elizabeth Sterner, 2020)

On the other side, it can be challenging for non-background MLIS students and new library professionals to be competitive candidates for STEM librarian positions. However, introducing certificate courses to develop STEM activity-related skills is helpful for non-STEM background professionals.

A certification course and hands-on program are required to be designed to supplement the formal MLS curriculum. The goal of the program may be to better equip MLS students and new professionals with the skills and practical experience in applying discovery tools, managing collections, and reviewing STEM literature to be good STEM librarians. This will help students gain skills and knowledge of STEM disciplines to better provide their services as STEM librarians.

Skill to be adopted by those who don't come from STEM backgrounds:

Participate in professional development events such as STEM librarian boot camps.

Develop teaching and assessment skills through conferences, workshops, team-teaching, and observing peer teaching to master the academic skills required.

Explore databases and practice answering questions from different disciplines.

Learn about the different departments, research centers, emerging trends in research, publishing, disciplines, and the types of resources required, such as standards, protocols, etc.

Be active on campus and ask questions; attend events; audit courses; and attend lectures.

For scientific communication, academic librarians need to develop an attitude to maintain accuracy and up-to-date knowledge of general trends in STEM fields.

No doubt that librarians have adapted to keep up with the broader shift in technology, learning ways, societies and user demands. In various Academic libraries and STEM Libraries across the world STEM Librarians are standing by to answer users' research questions, help the in STEM related activities. Debate of STEM Librarian having formal STEM background or not is still on. Through trainings, hands-on workshops, gaining knowledge of current trends and skill of using STEM e-resources and extracting data are some of the aspects on which the non-STEM background librarians can work upon to stay in competition.

References:

Baek, John Y. 2013.The Accidental STEM Librarian:
An Exploratory Interview Study with Eight
Librarians. National Center for Interactive Learning
Education/Research Report. Microsoft Word - Baek_The Accidental STEM Librarian (spacescience.org) (Retrieved on 16.09.2023)

MacKellar, P.H. 2008. The accidental librarian. Medford, N.J.: Information Today, Inc. Accidental Librarian - PDF Free Download (epdf.tips) (Retrieved on 16.09.2023)

Baek, John Y. 2013.The Accidental STEM Librarian: An Exploratory Interview Study with Eight Librarians. National Center for Interactive Learning Education/Research Report. Microsoft Word - Baek_The Accidental STEM Librarian (spacescience.org) (Retrieved on 16.09.2023)

Dunn, Lisa [et al.] 2021. BUILDING THE STEM
LIBRARIAN SKILL SET:
An Exploratory Study to Identify
Skills Needed by STEM Librarians. ACRL 2021 Virtual. Ascending into an Open Future: Proceedings from ACRL 2021 Virtual Conference (ala.org). Retrieved on 19.09.2023

Elizabeth Sterner (2020) Science/STEM Librarianship in 2020: Opportunities and Insight, Science & Technology Libraries, 39:4, 432-449, DOI: 10.1080/0194262X.2020.1781023. Science/STEM Librarianship in 2020: Opportunities and Insight: Science & Technology Libraries: Vol 39, No 4 (tandfonline.com) Retrieved on 23.09.2023

Want to pursue STEM librarianship? Here’s what you should know! (jove.com)

View of Virtual Learning and the Role of Liaison Librarians in STEM Academic Programs | Issues in Science and Technology Librarianship (ualberta.ca)

STEM Librarian: broader shift in librarianship STEM librarian is used to define a librarian who contributes to the design, development, or delivery of STEM learning activities and programs, even if

Festival of libraries 2023: a major boost to libraries by Government of India 01/09/2023

As a part of the second phase of the 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav' , a two-day festival, "Festival of Libraries 2023," was inaugurated by the President of India Smt. Draupadi Murmu, on August 5, 2023 in keeping with the Prime Minister's vision to promote the growth and digitization of libraries and encourage a reading culture in India. It is a special event created to inspire and actively involve people in a wide range of library-related activities. A varied group of participants—librarians, academics, district collectors from 100 districts, and directors of model libraries—met to develop a plan for re-imagining libraries as thriving community centers and readers as future leaders. This is consistent with the idea that a country that places a high value on reading will lead the world facilitating the development of useful policies to advance model libraries in India, expanding their impact to the village and community levels.

Aim of the festival

The festival was celebrated with the aim of inspiring and encouraging to engage the participants from the library fraternity and educationists in India and making it easier to formulate action-oriented policies for the creation of Model Libraries throughout India, all the way down to the village and community levels. At this event Govt. has launched few initiatives and publications.

Some of the main features of the event

The Festival of Libraries is a distinctive occasion designed to actively involve and motivate individuals across the entire spectrum of library-related activities.

Gathering of a diverse group of participants, including librarians, scholars, district collectors from 100 districts, and directors of model libraries, with the purpose of creating a strategy to transform libraries into vibrant community hubs and readers into aspiring leaders. This aligns with the belief that a nation that prioritizes reading is a nation that takes the lead.

Enabling the creation of practical policies aimed at advancing Model Libraries in India, extending their reach to even the village and community levels.

Highlights

It uses famous libraries from around the globe as examples of how to update and modernize libraries in India.

Participants can learn about the finest library practices from Indian states and libraries worldwide through round table talks and panels.

Discussions with literary festival directors, young authors, publishing houses, and more.

Plans for libraries and their holdings, such as National Missions on Libraries, Manuscripts, and Archives, will be the subject of special sessions.

10 fascinating displays comprising cartography, calligraphy, cursive writing, tribal typefaces and scripts, as well as a stunning exhibition with rare archival collections and illuminated manuscripts, are on display.

The event will include podcasts, digital exhibits, interactive drawing rooms with book author talks, and the Human Library Project.

Children's activities in a designated Children's Zone will encourage a love of reading in them.

Govt. of India launched following initiatives

Tripartite MoU between three prominent libraries of India: Three prominent libraries: Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library, Patna; Rampur Raza Library, Rampur; and Maulana Abul Kalam Azad Arabic Persian Research Institute, Tonk, signed MoU for long term collaborative events. Rampur Raza Library, Rampur has also completed 250 years and celebration of that also started in the festival.

A crowd-sourced directory of libraries in India was also launched.

A unique ranking system for libraries in India is also unveiled at the event, further fostering quality and innovation in the field of libraries.

One Nation, One Digital Library: Efforts are also being done by Govt. to develop National Virtual library as single digital library for the nation.

Book releases

The Sassy Library Series was launched with the plot based on Rampur Raza Library.

A set of Cursive Writing Books in the 22 vernacular languages was released.

Under the presidency of the G20 this year, the Indian government has taken the decision to opt for the One Nation One Subscription plan and to develop a national archive and interlink it with the national archives of G20 countries to share open access research among G20 countries. In continuation of these initiatives, the organization of such a unique festival of libraries and the envisioning of having one digital library for the nation, a unique ranking system for libraries, and giving boost to the aims of the National Mission on Libraries are some major step stones in the evolution of libraries in India.

References:

https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1945866

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/delhi/president-opens-2-day-festival-of-libraries-532485

India's proposal for free access to scientific journals among G20 nations - LibCognizance

Festival of libraries 2023: a major boost to libraries by Government of India As a part of the second phase of the 'Azadi ka Amrit Mahotsav' , a two-day festival, "Festival of Libraries 2023," was inaugurated by the President of

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