Basics

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Ever wondered how the hanging nests built by little birds survive the severe weather they are exposed to?

The credit of world's finest architecture goes to small birds and these architectural designs are really very sophisticated creations, made of everything from mud and twigs. A pendulum nest or hanging nest is typically built from mosses, lichens and small twigs shaped into a pendulum or hanging sac-like shape, usually suspended from a tree or a small tree branch. Bushtits, kinglets, and orioles are some of the species that build this type of nest.The work of these birds involve actual weaving of sophisticated knots tied in long dried plant fibers, and it may take days of intense effort to build this kind of hanging nests.

For the high complexity of their design, no architect can be compared with these birds. The birds arrange scores of small pieces of twig and grass and w**d and bark, weaving them together with such precision that the nest is sturdy and secure even after being exposed to strong winds and rain. These birds weave grass, twigs and other plant fiber together to form the nest and neck. They line the inside nest area with moss and other soft materials.They use spider webs and mud as mortar to bind all the materials together.

Mother nature has gifted these birds with excellent designing skills that they utilise to build super-strong nests out of things which we identify as waste. It overtakes anything of human standards even today.

বিশাখাপট্টনম গেচ ট্ৰেজেদীঃ

# বিশাখাপট্টনম গেচ ট্ৰেজেদী কি হয়? ই কত হৈছিল আৰু কেনেকৈ?

=> অন্ধ্ৰ প্ৰদেশৰ আৰ আৰ ভেংকটপুৰমত স্থিত LG পলিমাৰ্চ নামৰ এক
কেমিকেল প্লাণ্টত
styrene নামৰ এবিধ বিষাক্ত গেচ বিয়পি পৰাত ১১ জনৰ মৃত্যু হয় আৰু মানুহৰ মাজত হুৱা–দুৱাৰ সৃষ্টি হয়।এতিয়ালৈ ৫০০০ৰো অধিক লোক আক্ৰান্ত হৈ অসুস্থ হৈ পৰিছে।

ঘটনাটো নিশা প্ৰায় তিনি মান বজাত ঘটিছিল যেতিয়া শ্ৰমিকসকলে প্লাণ্টটোৰ পুনৰ সংস্থাপনৰ বাবে কাম কৰি আছিল।

'The Indian express'অক LG পলিমাৰ্চৰ এজন বিষয়াই দিয়া তথ্য মতে, লকডাউনৰ সময়ত প্লাণ্টত ৰাখি থোৱা ১৮০০ টন্ styrene বন্ধন অৱস্থা আৰু তাপৰ সাল-সলনি হোৱাৰ ফলত auto-polymerisation হৈ বাষ্পিত হৈ গল।

কি হয়?

=> styrene অথবা ethenylbenzene (C6H5CH=CH2) এবিধ জৈবিক যৌগ যিটো প্ৰকৃতিৰ বিভিন্ন উদ্ভিদত স্বাভাৱিক ভাবে পোৱা যায়। কয়লাৰ টাৰ-তেল'টো এইবিধ যৌগ পোৱা যায়।

সাধাৰণতে প্লান্টত ethylbenzene পৰা styrene বনোৱা হয়। Styreneৰ পৰা বিভিন্ন বস্তু যেনে ৰবৰ,প্লাচতিক ,পাইপ ইত্যাদি তৈয়াৰ কৰা হয়।

আমাৰ বাবে কিমান বিপদজনক?

=> আমাৰ শৰীৰৰ কোষত প্ৰৱেশ কৰি styrene য়ে styrene oxideৰ ৰূপ লয়,যিটো বেছি পৰিমানত সোমালে আমাৰ বাবে অতি মৰাত্মক । চকু আৰু ছালৰ লগত styreneৰ স্পৰ্শ হলেও আমাৰ বাবে অপকাৰী।

# ইয়াৰ লক্ষণসমূহ কি?

=> ইয়াৰ লক্ষণসমূহ হৈছেঃ
১) উশাহ লোৱাত কষ্ট
২) চকলা বান্ধি বান্ধি হোৱা ছালৰ বেমাৰ
৩) খিটখিটিয়া চকু
৪) বাঁ‌তি
৫) অচেতন হোৱা

May your soul be illuminated from within! Wishing you all a very happy "Ramadan"!

What is the RFID chip that is attached to various goods?

RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification. It is a form of wireless communication that incorporates the use of the radio frequency portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal or person. The radio waves transmit data from the tag to a reader, which then transmits the information to an RFID computer program. RFID tags are frequently used for merchandise as used by many top notch companies like Decathlon but they can also be used to track vehicles, pets, and even people. RFID labels are placed on items during the manufacturing process, encoded with a unique identification number stored in the retailer’s database. RFID tags are made out of three pieces: a micro chip (an integrated circuit which stores and processes information and modulates and demodulates radio-frequency), an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal and a substrate.

The RFID identification makes the tracking process easier and faster, and reduces the risk of error.

Development of chemistry in the Soviet Union:

After the revolution, right from the time of Lenin until the dissolution of the USSR, many new institutes of chemistry were opened and the work of the previous institutes were expanded. Within the scope of the first five year economic plan, many chemical production centres of the greatest magnitude came into being in Moscow, Leningrad, Volga and Ural regions among others. Organic chemistry at Moscow University, the largest and oldest university in Russia produced an impressive number of outstanding, world-class organic chemists. Nikolai Kishner, a Soviet chemist, developed the Kishner–Wolf reduction,an important organic reaction to convert carbonyls into alkyls (1910) and cyclopropane synthesis (1912), and Aleksei Chichibabin, another organic chemist created the Chichibabin pyridine amination (1913). Much like organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry owes many early and transformative discoveries to Soviet scientists. Nikolay Zelinsky, known for the Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky halogenation for preparing α-halogenated carboxylic acids, also developed the activated charcoal gas mask in Europe during World War I. Aleksandrovich Chugaev, is another Soviet scientist known for the discovery of the first organic spot test reagent—dimethylglyoxime for the detection of nickel (1905)—as well as the thiourea test to detect osmium (1908) and for the discovery of the so-called Chugaev platinum salts (1915) predicted by Alfred Werner’s theory of coordination compounds. In 1926, Ilya Chernyaev formulated one of the most fundamental principles of synthetic inorganic chemistry: the “trans effect,” which has proven to be critical for the synthesis of platinum group metal-based anticancer agents. This research has allowed researchers to obtain isomers with the desired medicinally active configuration.He is also one of the principal scientists who created noble metal refining technology. Kuzma Andrianov was the first to synthesize polyorganosiloxanes (1937) and later helped the Soviet Union in developing a strong industry of silicone polymers in the 1960s and 1970s. The physical chemist and physicist Nikolay Semenov was the first Soviet citizen to win a Nobel Prize, in 1956 for his work on the mechanism of chemical transformation.
Although there is a belief that during the years of Soviet union more money was spent just on developing, producing and equipping chemical weapons than on public education,it is also true that Soviet government made the development and advancement of science a national priority, emphasizing science at all levels of education and showering top scientists with honours to increase their zeal.

Do you know that the Vietnam war (1 Nov 1955 – 30 Apr 1975) was the first chemical and pharmacological war in the post modern era?

Vietnam war was not a conventional one. Instead, it was a formless conflict in which former strategic and tactical principles were not applied. In this war, the level of consumption of psychoactive substances by military personnel was unprecedented. Doses of the best available "amphetamine" were issued to the soldiers by the US government.The drugs helped to increase eyesight and hearing. Psychoactive substances were issued not only to boost the fighters, but also to reduce the harmful impact of combat on their psychology. These intoxicants provided great temporary relief but do not eliminate the causes of stress.Hence,many suffered from Post Traumatic Stress disorder(PTSD) after the war.

The Vietcong were fighting in an unexpected, surprising, and deceptive way by taking help of the dense rainforests. "Haloarenes" were used as herbicides during Vietnam War by US army for removing or clearing the jungles and making it easier for them to fight the war. These haloarenes cannot be decomposed and broken down by microorganisms like bacteria. As a result of which it is still intact in the soils of those jungles to this day.