General Knowledge

Almost all plastic items have triangle with number in it most of the people don't know what it means here is the brief information about that
Courtesy- www.alansfactoryoutlet.com

Living Root Bridges

During monsoon season in northeast India, rainwater gushes through the emerald valleys and deep gorges of Meghalaya, the“abode of the clouds.” The mountainous plateau between Assam and Bangladesh is one of the wettest places on Earth, and the Khasi tribes who inhabit these hills have developed an intimate relationship with the forest.

Long before the availability of modern construction materials, the Khasi devised an ingenious way to traverse the turbulent waterways and link isolated villages: living root bridges, locally known as jing kieng jri.

Tree trunks are planted on each side of the bank to create a sturdy foundation, and over the course of 15 to 30 years, the Khasi slowly thread Ficus elastica roots across a temporary bamboo scaffolding to connect the gap. A combination of humidity and foot traffic help compact the soil over time, and the tangle of roots grows thick and strong. Mature bridges stretch 15 to 250 feet over deep rivers and gorges, and can bear impressive loads—upwards of 35 people at a time.

Unlike modern building materials like concrete and steel, these structures typically become more resilient with age and can survive centuries. They regularly withstand flash flooding and storm surges that are common in the region—a low-cost and sustainable way to connect remote mountain villages scattered throughout the steep terrain. The exact origin of the tradition in this region is unknown, but the first written record appears more than a hundred years ago.

courtesy - National Geographic

Shri Mahila Griha Udyog Lijjat Papad, popularly known as Lijjat, is an Indian women's cooperative involved in manufacturing of various fast-moving consumer goods. The organisation's main objective is empowerment of women by providing them employment opportunities.

It all began on 15th march 1959, which was a warm summer day with the sun shining brightly in the cloudless sky. A majority of the women inhabitants of an old residential building in Girgaum (a thickly populated area of South Bombay), were busy attending their usual domestic chores.

A few of them, seven to be exact, gathered on the terrace of the building and started a small inconspicuous function. The function ended shortly, the result - production of 4 packets of Papads and a firm resolve to continue production. This pioneer batch of 7 ladies had set the ball rolling.

As the days went by, the additions to this initial group of 7 was ever-increasing. The institution began to grow.

The early days were not easy. The institution has its trials and tribulation. The faith and patience of the members were put to test on several occasion - they had no money and started on a borrowed sum of Rs. 80/-.

Started with a loan of Rs. 80 the Cooperative transformed into the most successful in India with more then 25 products which includes papads, soaps, detergent, bakery products, masala (spices) and flour with a sales figure of more then Rs. 8 billion. Lijjat Papad has 81 branches, 27 Divisions and offers self-employment to about 43,000 members all over India.

On several occasions, the Lijjat member-sisters have undertaken social service activities such as distributing nutritious food for poor children, donating money for conducting community marriage, instituting prize-money for spread of primary education, undertaking blood donation drive, organising health camps, plantation drives and even making donations to Government bodies. They also provide basic primary education to uneducated member sisters.

Railway Station

Different styles of tea are created by varying the contours and chemistry of the Camellia sinensis leaf or Tea Leaf. Prosaically called “processing”, the leaves undergo five phases; some teas not requiring all of them, others requiring a repetition of the steps. Tea is created by Plucking the leaves, then allowing them to Wither, after which they are Rolled to mould their shape and wring out their juices. The leaves are then Oxidized, where the cell walls are broken apart after exposure to oxygen and the resulting compounds lend flavor and aroma to the tea leaves. Oxidation is the most crucial process because it defines the class of tea. Lastly, tea leaves are fired or dried to create the tea we sip on lazy afternoons.

courtesy- http://www.teatrailsindia.com

Highest Award Bharat Ratna
Highest Gallantry Award Param Vir Chakra
Longest River in India The Ganges
Longest Tributary river of India Yamuna
Largest Lake Wular Lake, Kashmir
Largest Lake (Saline Water) Chilka Lake, Orrisa
Largest Man-Made Lake Govind Vallabh Pant Sagar (Rihand Dam)
Largest Fresh Water Lake Kolleru Lake (Andhra Pradesh)
Highest Lake Devtal Lake, Gadhwal (Uttarakhand)
Highest Lake Devatal (Gharhwal)
Highest Peak Karkoram-2 of K-2(8,611 meters)
Highest Peak in the world is Mount Everest which is in Nepal
Largest Populated City Mumbai
Largest State(Area) Rajasthan
Largest State(Population) Uttar Pradesh
Highest rainfall Cherrapunhi (426 inches per annum)
Highest Watefall Nohkalikai Falls (335 meters, 1100 ft high) in Shora
State wise largest area under forest Madhya Pradesh
Largest Delta Sunderbans Delta
Largest River without Delta Narmada and Tapti
Longest Cantilever Span bridge Howrah Bridge
Longest River Bridge Mahatma Gandhi Setu, Patna
Biggest Cave temple Ellora
Longest Road Grand Trunk Road
Highest Road Road at Khardungla,(in Leh-Manali Sector)
Biggest Mosque Jama Masjid at Delhi
Highest Gateway Buland Darwaza at Fatehpur Sikri (53.6 meters high)
Tallest Statue Statue of Gomateshwar (17 meters high In Karnataka
Largest Public Sector Bank State Bank of India
Longest Canal Indira Gandhi Canal or Rajasthan Canal (Rajasthan)
Largest Dome Gol Gumbaz at Bijapur
Largest Zoo Zoological Garden at Alipur (Kolkata)
Largest Museum India Museum at Kolkata
Longest Dam Hirakud Dam (Orrisa)
Highest Dam Tehri Dam ( 260 meters , 850 ft )
Highest Tower Kutab Minar at Delhi (88.4 meters high)
Largest Desert Thar (Rajasthan)
Largest District Kutch district
Fastest Train Shatabadi Express running between New Delhi and Bhopal
State with longest coastline Gujarat
State with longest coastline of South India Andhra Pradesh
Longest Electric Railway Line From Delhi to Kolkata via Patna
Longest Railway Route From Assam to Kanyakumari
Longest Railway Platform Kharagpur (W. Bengal)
Highest Railway Station Ghum (W. Bengal)
Longest Platform Kharagpur (West Bengal) 833 meters in Length. It is also the longest railway station in world
Longest Tunnel Jawahar tunnel (Jammu & Kashmir)
Longest Highway NH-44 (NH-7) which turns from Varanasi to Kanyakumari
Smallest State (Population) Sikkim
Smallest State (Area) Goa
Largest State (Area) Rajasthan
Largest State (Population) Uttar Pradesh
Densest Populated State West Bengal
Largest Cave Amarnath (J&K)
Largest Cave Temple Kailash Temple, Ellora (Maharastra)
Largest Animal Fair Sonepur (Bihar)
Largest Auditorium Sri Shanmukhanand Hall (Mumbai)
Biggest Hotel Oberai-Sheraton (Mumbai)
Largest Port Mumbai
Largest Gurudwara Golden Temple, Amritsar
Deepest River Valley Bhagirathi & Alaknanda
Largest Church Saint Cathedral (Goa)
Oldest Church St. Thomas Church at Palayar, Trichur (Kerala)
Longest River Ganga (2640 km long)
Longest Beach Marina Beach, Chennai
Highest Battle Field Siachin Glacier
Highest Airport Leh (Laddakh)
Biggest Stadium Yuva Bharti (Salt Lake) Stadium, Kolkata
Largest River Island Majuli (Brahmaputra River, Asom)
Largest Planetarium Birla Planetarium (Kolkata)
Sambhar lake Largest inland salt lake

=>>जानें क्या है जलीकट्टू और इससे जुड़ी हुई प्रथाएं ? और क्या है इससे जुड़ा हुआ विवाद"
**********************************************************************
★तमिलनाडु में पोंगल त्योहार के दौरान खेला जाना वाला लोकप्रिय खेल जलीकट्टू पर प्रतिबंध हटाने को लेकर राज्य में बवाल मचा हुआ है। राज्य में कई जगहों पर इसको लेकर विरोध प्रदर्शन हो रहे हैं।
★ तमिलनाडु सरकार ने केंद्र सरकार से अध्यादेश लाने की मांग की है। अध्यादेश के जरिए कानून बनाकर सुप्रीम कोर्ट के फैसले को पलटा जा सकता है।
=>जलीकट्टू पर प्रतिबंध कब एयर क्यों ?
★साल 2011 में यूपीए सरकार ने जलीकट्टू पर प्रतिबंध लगा दिया था लेकिन सत्ता में आने के बाद एनडीए सरकार ने 8 जनवरी 2016 में इसको हरी झंडी दे दी।
★बीते साल सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने इस पर पाबंदी लगाते हुए राज्य सरकार की याचिका भी खारिज कर दी थी जिसमें 2014 के आदेश पर पुनर्विचार करने की मांग की गई थी।
★ सुप्रीम कोर्ट के फैसले के खिलाफ तमिलनाडु विधानसभा एक प्रस्ताव भी पास कर चुकी है। प्रस्ताव के तहत जल्लीकट्टू पर लगे प्रतिबंध को हटाने की मांग की गई है।

=>>क्या है जलीकट्टू ?

★जलीकट्टू तमिलनाडु का चार सौ वर्ष से भी पुराना पारंपरिक खेल है, जो फसलों की कटाई के अवसर पर पोंगल के समय आयोजित किया जाता है।
★ इसमें 300-400 किलो के सांड़ों की सींगों में सिक्के या नोट फंसाकर रखे जाते हैं और फिर उन्हें भड़काकर भीड़ में छोड़ दिया जाता है, ताकि लोग सींगों से पकड़कर उन्हें काबू में करें।
★सांड़ों को भड़काने के लिए उन्हें शराब पिलाने से लेकर उनकी आंखों में मिर्च डाला जाता है और उनकी पूंछों को मरोड़ा तक जाता है, ताकि वे तेज दौड़ सकें।
=>>जलीकट्टू का मतलब
★कहा जाता है कि जल्ली/सल्ली का अर्थ ही होता है 'सिक्का' और कट्टू का 'बांधा हुआ। सांडों के सींग में कपड़ा बंधा होता है जिसे खिलाड़ी को पुरस्कार राशि पाने के लिए निकालना होता है।
=>क्या हैं खेल के नियम ?
★खेल के शुरु होते ही पहले एक-एक करके तीन सांडों को छोड़ा जाता है। ये गांव के सबसे बूढ़े सांड होते हैं। इन सांडों को कोई नहीं पकड़ता, ये सांड गांव की शान होते हैं और उसके बाद शुरु होता है जलीकट्टू का असली खेल। मुदरै में होने वाला ये खेल तीन दिन तक चलता है।
★जलीकट्टू पर लगी रोक के खिलाफ सड़कों पर उतरे लोग, पुलिस ने किया गिरफ्तार
=>सालों पुरानी है जलीकट्टू परंपरा
★तमिलनाडु में जलीकट्टू 400 साल पुरानी परंपरा है। जो योद्धाओं के बीच लोकप्रिय थी।
★ प्राचीन काल में महिलाएं अपने वर को चुनने के लिए जलीकट्टू खेल का सहारा लेती थी। जलीकट्टू खेल का आयोजन स्वंयवर की तरह होता था जो कोई भी योद्धा बैल पर काबू पाने में कामयाब होता था महिलाएं उसे अपने वर के रूप में चुनती थी।

=>>जलीकट्टू और बुलफाइटिंग कितना में अंतर

★जलीकट्टू की तुलना स्पेन में खेले जाने वाली बुलफाइटिंग से भी की जाती है। हालांकि समर्थकों का कहना है कि जल्लीकट्टू यूरोपीय देश स्पेन में होनेवाली बुलफाइटिंग से अलग है और इसमें स्पैनिश स्पोर्ट्स की तरह हथियारों का इस्तेमाल नहीं होता और न ही खेल का मतलब है अंत में जानवर का खात्मा।

☰ Site Sharring Options Search How It Works

15 amazing science facts that will blow your mind
Sharing Options

1 year ago
Impress your friends with these incredible facts about the world around us.

1. Babies have around 100 more bones than adults

Many of a baby’s bones fuse together as they grow
Babies have about 300 bones at birth, with cartilage between many of them. This extra flexibility helps them pass through the birth canal and also allows for rapid growth. With age, many of the bones fuse, leaving 206 bones that make up an average adult skeleton.

2. The Eiffel Tower can be 15 cm taller during the summer

Large structures are built with expansion joints which allow them some leeway to expand and contract without causing any damage.
When a substance is heated up, its particles move more and it takes up a larger volume – this is known as thermal expansion. Conversely, a drop in temperature causes it to contract again. The mercury level inside a thermometer, for example, rises and falls as the mercury’s volume changes with the ambient temperature. This effect is most dramatic in gases but occurs in liquids and solids such as iron too. For this reason large structures such as bridges are built with expansion joints which allow them some leeway to expand and contract without causing any damage.

3. 20% of Earth’s oxygen is produced by the Amazon rainforest

The Amazon rainforest covers 5.5 million square kilometres (2.1 million square miles) of Earth
Our atmosphere is made up of roughly 78 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen, with various other gases present in small amounts. The vast majority of living organisms on Earth need oxygen to survive, converting it into carbon dioxide as they breathe. Thankfully, plants continually replenish our planet’s oxygen levels through photosynthesis. During this process, carbon dioxide and water are converted into energy, releasing oxygen as a by-product. Covering 5.5 million square kilometres (2.1 million square miles), the Amazon rainforest cycles a significant proportion of the Earth’s oxygen, absorbing large quantities of carbon dioxide at the same time.

4. Some metals are so reactive that they explode on contact with water

This is what happens when sodium reacts with water
There are certain metals – including potassium, sodium, lithium, rubidium and caesium – that are so reactive that they oxidise (or tarnish) instantly when exposed to air. They can even produce explosions when dropped in water! All elements strive to be chemically stable – in other words, to have a full outer electron shell. To achieve this, metals tend to shed electrons. The alkali metals have only one electron on their outer shell, making them ultra-keen to pass on this unwanted passenger to another element via bonding. As a result they form compounds with other elements so readily that they don’t exist independently in nature.

5. A teaspoonful of neutron star would weigh 6 billion tons

Neutron stars contain some of the densest matter in the known universe
A neutron star is the remnants of a massive star that has run out of fuel. The dying star explodes in a supernova while its core collapses in on itself due to gravity, forming a super-dense neutron star. Astronomers measure the mind-bogglingly large masses of stars or galaxies in solar masses, with one solar mass equal to the Sun’s mass (that is, 2 x 1030 kilograms/4.4 x 1030 pounds). Typical neutron stars have a mass of up to three solar masses, which is crammed into a sphere with a radius of approximately ten kilometres (6.2 miles) – resulting in some of the densest matter in the known universe.

6. Hawaii moves 7.5cm closer to Alaska every year

Hawaii’s pace is comparable to the speed at which our fingernails grow.
The Earth’s crust is split into gigantic pieces called tectonic plates. These plates are in constant motion, propelled by currents in the Earth’s upper mantle.

Winners biting down on their gold medals has become the classic post-competition pose The reason for biting down? It’s an old method of testing whether a metal is pure. Because gold is softer and more malleable than other metals, one way to determine whether or not something is real gold is by biting into it, if it's authentic, your teeth will leave an indentation.However Olympic gold medals haven’t been made of solid gold since 1912, after World War II caused shortages in the precious metal.Nowdays Olympic gold medals are actually just 1.34 percent gold. The rest is sterling silver.Because it's the money shot for the media pit. It's become an obsession with the photographers,

● पिन का पूरा नाम क्या है?
— पोस्टल इंडेक्स नंब

● भारत में पिन प्रणाली कब शुरू किया था?
— 1972

● भारतीय क्षेत्र के बाहर पहली भारतीय डाक घर कौन सा है?
— अंटार्कटिका में दक्षिण गंगोत्री पर डाकघर (1983)

● भारत में स्पीड पोस्ट सेवा कब शुरू हुई?
— 1986

● किस गवर्नर जनरल ने टेलीग्राफ और डाक प्रणाली को लाया??
— लार्ड डलहौजी

● भारत में पहली बार जनरल पोस्ट ऑफिस कब खोला गया था?
— 1774 (कोलकाता)

● भारत की पहली डाक टिकट कौन सा है?
— Sinde Dawk (1852)

● किस वर्ष मनी ऑर्डर प्रणाली भारत में आई?
— 1880

● किस वर्ष डाक जीवन बीमा भारत में शुरू किया गया?
— 1884

● कहां पोस्टल स्टाफ कॉलेज स्थित है?
— गाजियाबाद (उत्तर प्रदेश)

● भारत के संचार के पहले मंत्री कौन थे?
— C.R.K किदवई

● उच्च न्यायालय की पहली महिला न्यायाधीश कौन थी-
— अन्ना चंडी

● उच्च न्यायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति कौन करता है-
— राष्ट्रपति

● सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की पहली महिला न्यायाधीश कौन बनी थी-
— फातिमा बीबी

● कौनसे न्यायाधीश सर्वाधिक अवधि तक रहे-
— वाई वी चंद्रचूड

● सर्वोच्च न्यायालय के सबसे पहले मुख्य न्यायाधीश कौन थे-
— हीरा लाल जे कनिया

● उच्चतम न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों का कार्यकाल होता है-
— 65 उम्र तक

● सर्वोच्च नयायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति कौन करता है-
— राष्ट्रपति

● भारत का उच्चतम नयायालय कहाँ है-
— नई दिल्ली

● विश्व डाक दिवस कब मनाया जाता है:
— अक्टूबर 9

● भारतीय डाक दिवस कब मनाया जाता है:
— अक्टूबर 10

● दुनिया में सबसे अधिक डाक घर स्थित है?
— Hikkim (हिमाचल प्रदेश)

● यूनिवर्सल पोस्टल यूनियन की स्थापना कब की गयी थी?
— 1874

TRICK TO REMEMBER TYPE OF TAXES
DIRECT TAXES
Trick :— “wepro.co.in ”
We—Wealth tax
Pro —Property tax
Co —-Corporate tax
In —–Income tax
INDIRECT TAXES
Trick :— “Excuse me”
Ex ——Excise tax
Cu ——-Custom tax
Se——-Service tax
Me------market tax/vat/entertainment tax

Cash Reserve Ratio

The cash reserve ratio is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum fraction of customer deposits and notes that each commercial bank must hold as reserves (rather than lend out). These required reserves are normally in the form of deposits made with a central bank, or cash stored physically in the bank vault (vault cash).

The required reserve ratio is sometimes used as a tool in monetary policy, influencing the country’s borrowing and interest rates by changing the amount of funds available for banks to make loans with. Western central banks rarely alter the reserve requirements because it would cause immediate liquidity problems for banks with low excess reserves; they generally prefer to use open market operations (buying and selling government-issued bonds) to implement their monetary policy. The People’s Bank of China uses changes in reserve requirements as an inflation-fighting tool, and raised the reserve requirement ten times in 2007 and eleven times since the beginning of 2010.