IMS Distance Education 2013

Que 3. Mathematics and Statistics.
2x-y+8z=13
3x+4y+5z=18
5x-2y+7z=20;

x= ?, y=?, z=?
solve the following equations through gauss jordan method

Initial matrix
2 -1 8 13
3 4 5 18
5 -2 7 20

Row 1 = Row 1 times 1/2
1 -1/2 4 13/2
3 4 5 18
5 -2 7 20

Row 2 = row 2 + -3 times row 1
1 -1/2 4 13/2
0 11/2 -7 -3/2
5 -2 7 20

Row 3 = row 3 + -5 times row 1
1 -1/2 4 13/2
0 11/2 -7 -3/2
0 1/2 -13 -25/2

Row 2 = Row 2 times 2/11
1 -1/2 4 13/2
0 1 -14/11 -3/11
0 1/2 -13 -25/2

Row 1 = row 1 + (1/2) times row 2
1 0 37/11 70/11
0 1 -14/11 -3/11
0 1/2 -13 -25/2

Row 3 = row 3 + (-1/2) times row 2
1 0 37/11 70/11
0 1 -14/11 -3/11
0 0 -136/11 -136/11

Row 3 = Row 3 times -11/136
1 0 37/11 70/11
0 1 -14/11 -3/11
0 0 1 1

Row 1 = row 1 + (-37/11) times row 3
1 0 0 3
0 1 -14/11 -3/11
0 0 1 1

Row 2 = row 2 + (14/11) times row 3
1 0 0 3
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1

So x = 3, y = 1 and z = 1 (from the last column).

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Accounting for Manager

QUE 6. Prepare Journal Book, Ledger Book, Trial Balance, Trading A/c, P&L A/c and Balance
Sheet from the information given below:-
a. Cash Brought in by proprietor Rs. 50000
b. Goods Purchased 2000 units @ Rs.20 each
c. Goods Sold 1500 units @ Rs.30 each
d. Wages Paid Rs. 6000
e. Commission on Sales Paid Rs. 4000
f. Money Deposited in Bank Rs. 10000

GDP
The annual economic publication of Asian Development Bank (ADB) titled Asian Development Outlook released on 2 October 2013lowered the India economic growth forecast for 2013-14 to 4.7 percent. It is significantly lower than the earlier projection 6 percent in April 2013.

Asian Development Outlook also forecasted the 2014-15 growth at 5.7 percent. This 5.7 percent growth projection for 2014-15 is however lower than the earlier forecast of 6.5 percent.

Asian Development Bank also noted that India’s inflation for 2013-14 would be at 6.5 percent, below the 7.2 percent forecast in April 2013.

Other highlights of the Asian Development Outlook

• Growth in developing Asia is forecast to decline marginally to 6.0percent in 2013 from 6.1 percent in 2012
• In the People's Republic of China, growth is expected to moderate to 7.6percent in 2013 from 7.7percent 2012.
• Slower growth in Asia's two giants hampers but does not hobble growth across Asia.
• Inflation in developing Asia is projected dipping to 3.6 percent in 2013 from 3.7 percent in 2012 as weaker growth and tepid commodity prices keep price pressures in check. Inflation is expected to return to 3.7percent in 2014.
• Prospective tapering of US quantitative easing has destabilized financial markets in developing Asia and other emerging economies, in particular India and Indonesia.
• Developing Asia faces the twin challenges of maintaining financial stability and sustaining growth.
• The recent turbulence in financial markets underscores the need for structural reform to sustain growth. Priority areas include foreign direct investment, industrial diversification, infrastructure and human capital, fiscal consolidation, and social protection.
• Governance is another key area for reform. Asia must make headway toward catching up with the advanced economies and matching their quality of governance. Focusing on strengthening public service deliver can provide immediate benefits to make growth more inclusive and create momentum for wider governance reforms.

About the Asian Development Bank (ADB)

• Asian Development Bank is a regional development bank established on 22 August 1966 to facilitate economic development of countries in Asia.
• The main motto of the Asian Development Bank is to eradicate the poverty in Asia and Pacific.
• The headquarters of the Asian Development Bank located in Manila, Philippines.

Asian Development Bank (ADB) projected Moderate Increase in India’s GDP to 7% in 2012-13

The Asian Development Bank (ADB) in its flagship annual publication Asian Development Outlook (ADO) released on 11 April 2012 projected moderate increase in growth rate for India to 7 percent in 2012-13. The ADB stated that strong economic performance would depend on the country’s ability to push reforms agenda and address issues constraining investments. The government however estimated a growth rate of 7.6 per cent for 2012-13 fiscal.

Moderation in the growth of non-oil imports in 2012-13 and improved economic prospects in the advanced countries in 2013-14 is likely to help the current account deficit to improve to 3.3% in 2012-13 and further to 3% in 2013-14.

ADB mentioned in its publication that number of bills and measures to improve India’s investment environment introduced in Parliament are making little progress amidst in the back of insufficient consensus for immediate reforms.

However the ADB mentioned the recent rise in the pace of road construction and clearances for power projects was a positive signal and would likely mark increase levels of investment.

It noted that the slide in growth in 2011-12 reflected falling exports, weaker consumer spending and a slump in investment. Industrial growth dropped to a decade low of 3.9 per cent, although services remained robust, contributing nearly 80 per cent of overall GDP growth for the year.

The ADB expected the inflation to continue to dip due to normal monsoons and more stable global commodity prices. The inflation rate on an average is expected to be 7% in 2012-13 and 6.5% the following year.

The longer-term outlook for consumer prices is to depend on structural reforms to improve production and distribution of food, as India’s consumption patterns and incomes change.

India’s GDP was estimated to stand at 7.5 percent in fiscal year 2013-14. India’s growth fell to 6.9 per cent in 2011-12 fiscal from 8.4 percent in 2010-11.

Economic Growth is a narrower concept than economic development.It is an increase in a country's real level of national output which can be caused by an increase in the quality of resources (by education etc.), increase in the quantity of resources & improvements in technology or in another way an increase in the value of goods and services produced by every sector of the economy. Economic Growth can be measured by an increase in a country's GDP (gross domestic product).
Economic development is a normative concept i.e. it applies in the context ofpeople's sense of morality (right and wrong, good and bad). The definition of economic development given by Michael Todaro is an increase in living standards, improvement in self-esteem needs and freedom from oppression as well as a greater choice. The most accurate method of measuring development is the Human Development Index which takes into account the literacy rates & life expectancy which affect productivity and could lead to Economic Growth. It also leads to the creation of more opportunities in the sectors of education, healthcare, employment and the conservation of the environment.It implies an increase in the per capitaincome of every citizen.
Economic Growth does not take into account the size of the informal economy. The informal economy is also known as the black economy which is unrecorded economicactivity. Development alleviates people from low standards of living into proper employment with suitable shelter. Economic Growth does not take into account the depletion of natural resources which might lead to pollution, congestion & disease. Development however is concerned with sustainability which means meeting the needs of the present without compromising future needs. These environmental effects are becoming more of a problem for Governments now that the pressure has increased on them due to Global warming.
Economic growth is a necessary but not sufficient condition of economic development.

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This is Kaieteur Falls of Guyana (South Africa) Which is about three times higher than the more well known Niagara Falls....

Heartwarming picture showing the unique bond between a Dutch Shepherd dog and his owner's koi carp - even giving them a kiss to let it know it's feeding time.