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Spratly Islands:

Claimants: China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei.
Conflict: The islands are located in the South China Sea and are believed to be rich in oil and natural gas.

Paracel Islands:

Claimants: China, Vietnam, Taiwan.
Conflict: Located in the South China Sea, these islands are strategically significant and potentially resource-rich.

Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands:

Claimants: Japan, China, Taiwan.
Conflict: Located in the East China Sea, the islands are strategically important and potentially rich in resources.

Kuril Islands/Northern Territories:

Claimants: Russia, Japan.
Conflict: The islands are strategically located between the Sea of Okhotsk and the Pacific Ocean.

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas):

Claimants: United Kingdom, Argentina.
Conflict: Argentina claims the islands, which are under British control, based on historical and geographical arguments.

Dokdo/Takeshima Islands:

Claimants: South Korea, Japan.
Conflict: Located in the Sea of Japan (East Sea), the islands are under South Korean control but claimed by Japan.

Scarborough Shoal:

Claimants: China, Philippines.
Conflict: Located in the South China Sea, the shoal is claimed by both countries due to its strategic location and resources.

Islas de San Andrés, Providencia y Santa Catalina

Claimants: Colombia, Nicaragua.
Conflict: The islands are controlled by Colombia but are claimed by Nicaragua.

Hans Island:

Claimants: Denmark (Greenland), Canada.
Conflict: Located in the Nares Strait between Greenland and Canada, the island is uninhabited but strategically significant.

Liancourt Rocks:

Claimants: South Korea, Japan.
Conflict: Known as Dokdo in Korea and Takeshima in Japan, the rocks are controlled by South Korea but claimed by Japan.

Aegean Islands:

Claimants: Greece, Turkey.
Conflict: Various islands and maritime boundaries in the Aegean Sea are contested between Greece and Turkey.

Perejil Island:

Claimants: Spain, Morocco.
Conflict: Located in the Strait of Gibraltar, the island is uninhabited but has been the site of military confrontations.

Southern Thule (South Sandwich Islands):

Claimants: United Kingdom, Argentina.
Conflict: Part of the British Overseas Territory of South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, claimed by Argentina.

Diomede Islands:

Claimants: Russia, United States.
Conflict: Big Diomede is controlled by Russia and Little Diomede by the United States, separated by the International Date Line and a narrow strait.

Here's an extended list of additional disputed islands around the world, including some lesser-known ones:

Qit'at Jaradah:

Claimants: Bahrain, Qatar.
Conflict: Located in the Persian Gulf, the island's ownership was a subject of dispute settled by the International Court of Justice in 2001, favoring Bahrain.

Tiran and Sanafir Islands:

Claimants: Egypt, Saudi Arabia.
Conflict: Located in the Straits of Tiran, these islands were transferred from Egyptian to Saudi Arabian control in 2017, but the transfer remains controversial.

Hawar Islands:

Claimants: Bahrain, Qatar.
Conflict: These islands in the Persian Gulf were the subject of a dispute resolved by the International Court of Justice in 2001, which awarded them to Bahrain.

Mayotte:

Claimants: France, Comoros.
Conflict: The island is administered by France but claimed by Comoros since Mayotte voted to remain part of France in referenda.

Matthew and Hunter Islands:

Claimants: Vanuatu, France (New Caledonia).
Conflict: These islands in the Pacific are claimed by both Vanuatu and France.

Serranilla Bank:

Claimants: Colombia, United States (via claim by Honduras).
Conflict: This bank in the Caribbean Sea is controlled by Colombia but also claimed by the United States.

Navassa Island:

Claimants: United States, Haiti.
Conflict: Located in the Caribbean Sea, the island is administered by the United States but claimed by Haiti.

Bir Tawil:

Claimants: Egypt, Sudan.
Conflict: This area is claimed by neither Egypt nor Sudan, which both want the more valuable Hala'ib Triangle instead.

Mellish Reef:

Claimants: Australia, France (New Caledonia).
Conflict: Located in the Coral Sea, the reef is claimed by both Australia and France.

Kunashir Island:

Claimants: Russia, Japan.
Conflict: Part of the Kuril Islands dispute, the island is administered by Russia but claimed by Japan.

South Talpatti/New Moore Island:

Claimants: India, Bangladesh.
Conflict: This island in the Bay of Bengal emerged in the 1970s and submerged in 2010, reducing the conflict.

Meiji Reef:

Claimants: China, Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam.
Conflict: Part of the Spratly Islands, claimed by multiple countries.

Kashmir Valley:

Claimants: India, Pakistan, China.
Conflict: Although not an island, the region involves disputes over territories including Aksai Chin and the Siachen Glacier.

Qasr Farouk:

Claimants: Egypt, Saudi Arabia.
Conflict: Part of the ongoing maritime boundary disputes between the two countries.

Maritime boundary disputes in the Gulf of Guinea:

Claimants: Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea.
Conflict: Involves disputes over islands and maritime boundaries due to oil-rich regions.

These islands and maritime boundaries are subjects of complex geopolitical, historical, and legal disputes, often involving international mediation and adjudication.

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The first objective should be to understand the requirement. it is important to fully understand what a question or brief means and how it should be answered.

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civil service mains model answers.pdf

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