IAS 2021 Mission

13 September 2021

सारागढ़ी की लड़ाई
इस वर्ष 12 सितंबर को ‘सारागढ़ी की लड़ाई’ (Battle of Saragarhi) को 124 वर्ष पूरे हो गए। इस लड़ाई से देश-विदेश की सेनाएं प्रेरणा लेती है, और इसके ऊपर कई किताबें लिखी जा चुकी हैं और कई फिल्मे भी बन चुकी हैं।

‘सारागढ़ी का लड़ाई’ के बारे में:

सारागढ़ी का युद्ध 12 सितंबर 1897 को लड़ा गया था। इसे विश्व के सैन्य इतिहास में सबसे बेहतरीन अंतिम मोर्चों में से एक माना जाता है।

इस युद्ध में ब्रिटिश सेना के इक्कीस सैनिकों ने 8,000 से अधिक अफरीदी और ओरकजई कबायली लड़ाकों का मुकबला किया था, और उन्होंने सात घंटों तक किले पर कब्ज़ा नहीं होने दिया।
हालांकि, गिनती में काफी कम होने के बाबजूद, 36वीं सिख प्लाटून के सैनिकों ने हवलदार ईशर सिंह के नेतृत्व में अपनी अंतिम सांस तक लड़ाई लड़ी, जिसमें 200 कबायली मारे गए और 600 से अधिक बुरी तरह से घायल हुए थे।
सारागढ़ी का महत्व:

सारागढ़ी का किला, ‘फोर्ट लॉकहार्ट’ और ‘फोर्ट गुलिस्तान’ के बीच स्थित संचार दुर्ग था।

ऊबड़ खाबड़ ‘उत्तर पश्चिम सीमांत प्रांत’ (NWFP) में स्थित इन दोनों किलों (जो अब पाकिस्तान में हैं) का निर्माण महाराजा रणजीत सिंह ने करवाया था, बाद में अंग्रेजों ने इनका नाम परिवर्तित कर दिया था।
इन दोनों महत्वपूर्ण किलों में, ‘उत्तर पश्चिम सीमांत प्रांत’ के बीहड़ इलाके में बड़ी संख्या में तैनात किए जाने वाले ब्रिटिश सैनिक रहते थे, सारागढ़ी का किला, इन दोनों किलों में संपर्क कायम रखने में सहायक था।
इस युद्ध की विरासत:

तत्कालीन ब्रिटेन में मरणोपरांत वीरता पदक नहीं देने की परंपरा थी। इस परंपरा को तोड़ते हुए महारानी विक्टोरिया ने 36वीं सिख प्लाटून के 21 शहीद सैनिकों – गैर-सैनिक कार्य करने वाले शहीद को छोड़कर – के लिए प्रत्येक को 500 रुपये, दो ‘मरबा’ (50 एकड़) जमीन और ‘इंडियन ऑर्डर ऑफ मेरिट’ (विक्टोरिया क्रॉस के समान पदक) से सम्मानित किया।

कुछ दिनों के बाद, अंग्रेजों ने किले पर फिर से अधिकार कर लिया और सारागढ़ी की जली हुई ईंटों से शहीदों के लिए एक स्मारक स्तंभ का निर्माण करवाया।
अंग्रेजों ने इन शहीदों के सम्मान में अमृतसर और फिरोजपुर में गुरुद्वारों की स्थापना की।

Vision Institute, Gondal

Vision Institute....

Pamphlet of our classes...

The confidential report sent to the UN Security Council also said the Islamic State group is seeking to join migrant smugglers in southern Libya after it was pushed out of Sirte in 2016.

"Human trafficking is on the rise in Libya, resulting in major human rights violations," said the 157-page report by the panel of experts. The panel raised concern "over the possible use of state facilities and state funds by armed groups and traffickers to enhance their control of migration routes."

Libya has long been a transit hub for migrants, but smugglers have stepped up their lucrative business in the years that followed the 2011 ouster of Moamer Kadhafi.

The fate of migrants has come under intense security since film footage emerged last year of Africans auctioned off as slaves in Libya, drawing outrage from African governments.

The report cited accounts from Eritrean migrants who were arrested in 2016 in Tripoli by agents of a special force affiliated to Libya's interior ministry who handed them over to migrant smugglers "against payment".

Four Bangladeshi migrants arrested by the Special Deterrence Force (SDF) in Tripoli were held in a government detention center in 2015 even though they held valid work visas. The migrants paid USD 300 US each to the SDF and were sent to another Libyan city where they were loaded on boats for Europe "against their will", the report said.

"The panel is assessing whether the SDF's leadership was aware of collusion and trafficking being conducted within its ranks," said the report.

This meant that brain-damaged children may be walking around undiagnosed and missing out on life-bettering therapy, scientists reported in the science journal Nature Medicine. "Current criteria using head size to diagnose Zika-related brain injury fail to capture more subtle brain damage that can lead to significant learning problems and mental health disorders later in life," said the study's lead author Kristina Waldorf of the University of Washington School of Medicine in Seattle. We are diagnosing only the tip of the iceberg," she said in a statement. Waldorf and a team analysed the brains of five growing macaque foetuses whose mothers they infected with Zika virus.

Macaques are considered a close animal model for human pregnancy. Only one of the monkey foetuses displayed physical abnormalities early on, but later MRI scans revealed that the brains of four of the five were not developing as they should. Particularly hard hit were regions of the brain where new brain cells are generated. "Subtle damage caused by this virus during foetal development or childhood may not be apparent for years, but may cause neurocognitive delays in learning and increase the risk of developing neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and early dementia," said Waldorf's colleague and study co-author, Lakshmi Rajagopal.

"These findings further emphasise the urgency for an effective vaccine to prevent Zika virus infection." Since Zika erupted on a large scale in mid-2015, more than 1.5 million people have been infected with the virus, mostly in Brazil and other countries in South America.

In most people, it causes no symptoms, or light ones such as an itchy rash. But it is very dangerous for foetuses -- more than 2,200 babies have been born with Zika-related microcephaly, a shrinking of the brain and skull, according to the World Health Organization. Many others died before birth.

With IAS Tejas Parmar sir.....