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16/02/2025
Chapter 15: Communication Systems
Elements of communication systems (transmitter, channel, receiver).
Amplitude Modulation (AM) and Frequency Modulation (FM).
Propagation of electromagnetic waves (ground wave, sky wave, space wave).
Role of satellites in communication and fiber optics.
16/02/2025
Chapter 14: Semiconductor Electronics
Energy bands in solids (conductors, insulators, semiconductors).
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
p-n junction diode and its applications (LED, solar cells, rectifiers).
Logic gates (AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR) and Boolean algebra.
16/02/2025
Chapter 13: Nuclei
Nuclear composition and mass defect.
Radioactive decay and its types.
Nuclear fission and fusion.
16/02/2025
Chapter 12: Atoms
Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment.
Bohr’s atomic model and energy levels.
Spectral lines and hydrogen spectrum.
16/02/2025
Chapter 11: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
Photoelectric effect and Einstein’s explanation.
Wave-particle duality.
De Broglie hypothesis and matter waves.
16/02/2025
Chapter 10: Wave Optics
Interference, Young’s double-slit experiment.
Diffraction and its types.
Polarization and its practical applications.
16/02/2025
Chapter 9: Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
Reflection, refraction, and lens formula.
Total Internal Reflection and its applications (optical fibers).
Working of microscopes and telescopes.
16/02/2025
Chapter 8: Electromagnetic Waves
Maxwell’s equations and wave propagation.
Properties and applications of electromagnetic waves.
Electromagnetic spectrum and its significance.
16/02/2025
Chapter 7: Alternating Current
Alternating current (AC) and its characteristics.
Reactance, impedance, and resonance.
Working of transformers and power transmission.
16/02/2025
Chapter 6: Electromagnetic Induction
Faraday’s and Lenz’s Laws.
Eddy currents and their applications.
Mutual and self-inductance.
16/02/2025
Chapter 5: Magnetism and Matter
Earth’s magnetism and its components.
Magnetic properties of materials.
Hysteresis and magnetic susceptibility.
16/02/2025
Chapter 4: Moving Charges and Magnetism
Magnetic field due to current-carrying wire.
Ampere’s Circuital Law and solenoids.
Moving coil galvanometer and its conversion into an ammeter and voltmeter.