PRESIDIUMsaga

https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=578497204370320&id=100066301370858&mibextid=Nif5oz

■ FEDERAL SYSTEM WITH UNITARY BIAS



◇ The Constitution of India establishes a federal system of Government.

◇ It contains all the usual features of a federation, viz., two Government, division of powers, written Constitution, supremacy of Constitution, rigidity of Constitution, independent judiciary and bicameralism.

◇ However, the Indian Constitution also contains a large number of unitary or non-federal features, viz., a strong Centre, single Constitution, single citizenship, flexibility of Constitution, integrated judiciary, appointment of state governor by the Centre, all-India services, emergency provisions and so on.

◇ Moreover, the term ‘Federation’ has nowhere been used in the Constitution.

◇ Article 1, on the other hand, describes India as a ‘Union of States’ which implies two things:

• one, Indian Federation is not the result of an agreement by the states; and

• two, no state has the right to secede from the federation.