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Guideline
1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Pros and cons of A.I
3. Impact on Human lives.
4. Way forward
5. Conclusion

Intelligence is the ability to take variables from our senses and to process certain decisions using the brain. Artificial intelligence helps a machine in doing the same. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an area of computer science that emphasizes the creation of intelligent machines that work and reacts like humans. Such a system has a receptor, sensors (to pick data from environment), a memory (that tells what to do depending on what signal it gets), and then it takes a decision that will communicate to another device. Some of the activities computers with artificial intelligence are designed for include: Speech recognition, Learning, Planning, Problem solving.
Artificial Intelligence and Human Evolution- Impact, Uses and Issues
∙ Artificial intelligence has started to impact every aspect of life. In our continuous evolution we tend to innovate within our lives to make things easier and simpler. From home assistant like Alexa to assessment of an X-ray by A.I by doctor helps him to arrive at better diagnosis, AI is also currently used to fly planes. In this context we have to adopt our new approach with AI.
∙ Coupled with the ever-increasing computing power at our disposal and technologies that can learn from this data are making us humans smarter. These new technologies are complimenting the human brain to understand data through new models learn and generate actionable insights.
∙ In manufacturing, using the data around us coupled with cognitive technologies, new set of ultra-powerful, ultra light, ultra-conductive materials can now be created. With 3D printers getting into the easy reach of every one, we can all build so many new products—leading to lot of innovation around us.
∙ A future ready enterprise will be one that has digital workers (combination of Cognitive, IoT, Blockchain, etc.) rubbing shoulders with human and helping organizations become more agile, provide better products and experiences
∙ In Health and medicine, Doctors and scientists are working together to create an algorithm embedded on a chip that can be implanted in the human brain. Research is underway to apply these systems (AI) to human biology, creating models and frameworks to analyze how genes work, how diseases work and predict what’s going to happen to a humans’ health.
∙ Application of AI in agriculture can help in increasing crop yield by providing real-time advisory, early detection of pest attacks, prediction of crop prices, precision farming etc.
∙ Artificial intelligence can be used in making policy making and governance more informative, efficient and transparent.
∙ AI-based traffic management system including sensors, CCTV cameras, automatic number plate recognition cameras, speed detection cameras, signalized pedestrian crossings, it Can help in predictions in public transport journeys etc.
∙ We also AI-Enabled Data Fusion, Information Processing, and Intelligence Analysis, Cyber defence and cyber warfare to combat any threat. It will be beneficial to tackle any threat before it can harm us.
∙ To explore the variable advantages of AI, NITI-Aayog has put forward a discussion paper on artificial intelligence in India. According to a research by Accenture, AI can boost India’s annual growth rate by 1.3 percentage points by 2035. In terms of Business opportunities A.I can hosts enterprises and institutions globally to develop AI technology which can be easily implemented in the rest of the developing and emerging economies.
∙ However there are some concerns attached with A.I: Initial cost too high and it cannot take decisions if they encounter a situation unfamiliar to them. The real worry about these technologies is the emphasis on intelligence rather than other characteristics of human beings. Further it may impact employment under current economic system. With regard to Ethical Concerns, Super intelligent AI machines may harm the balance of nature.
To sum up, it can be said that, A.I is one of the most important change that will impact the human race. A.I will compliment humans and not replace them.


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Ans: A
Article 82 states that after each Census, the Parliament passes a Delimitation Act.
Article 170 states that after each census, states are divided into territorial constituencies based on the Delimitation Act.
Significance
The Delimitation Commission is a panel with legislative backing that operates independently of the government and political parties.
It determines the number and boundaries of constituencies in order to have a population that is nearly equal in all constituencies.
Identifies seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in areas with a sizable population.
Criticism
States that are not concerned about population control may end up with more seats in Parliament. The southern states that promoted family planning risked having their seats reduced.
Delimitation was done in 2008 based on the 2001 census, but the total number of seats in the Assemblies and Parliament decided in 1971 was not changed.
The constitution also limits the number of Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha seats to a maximum of 550 and 250, respectively, and growing populations are represented by a single representative



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his no longer is a ‘man vs machine’ battle but is about ‘man with machines’. Examine the statement in the context of Artificial Intelligence and impact on Human evolution.


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Guideline
1. LPG reforms in India
2. Impact of reforms on Poverty and unemployment
3. Way forward
4. Conclusion

LPG policy was launched in 1991, which led to structural change as well as change in nature of Indian economy through introduction of Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation principles. Impact of LPG policy on poverty and unemployment can be discussed in following manner:
Impact upon poverty
In post reform period, there has been debate about impact of policy on poverty. It has been argued that in spite of higher GDP growth rate; rate of reduction in poverty has been slower. However this was true until early 2000s poverty decline only 0.74% between 1994 to 2004-05. But afterward according to Tendulkar Committee estimate, poverty decline by upto 2.5% between 2004 to 2012. After 2012 till 2016 it has been said by report of United Nation’s that multidimensional poverty in India has been reduced by almost 50% between 2006-2016.
In this context we can say that LPG policy did not able to reduce poverty during initial time phase but after 2005 due to various government initiatives such as MGNREGA scheme, target of inclusive growth in 11th and 12th five year plans poverty has been reduced by greater margin.
Impact upon unemployment:
Due to LPG policy though GDP growth rate increased in India and reached all time high during 2007-08, but unemployment remains a bigger challenge before government even during present scenario. According to available data’s unemployment rate during 1991 was almost 2.3% which largely increased and reached up to 3.2% during 2003-04. Even during 2019, according to NSSOIs, labour force periodic survey report, unemployment rate is 6.1% which is highest in last 45 years.
Therefore we can say that as far as unemployment problem is concerned, LPG policy could not fetch suitable result that is why India is still facing and is consider as a country of jobless growth.


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Ans: D
A person can be detained for up to 12 months without a charge.
A person can be held for 10 days without being told the charges against them.
The person can appeal before a high court advisory board but will not be allowed a lawyer during the trial.
A person in police custody can be detained.
A person who has been granted bail by a trial court can be immediately detained under the NSA.
A person acquitted by the court can be detained under the NSA.
It breaches the Article 22(1) of the Indian Constitution and Section 50 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC).



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Recently, The commission set up by the Union Government submitted its final report for the delimitation of Assembly and parliamentary constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir. Consider the following statements:
1. The constitution empowers the Parliament to enact a Delimitation Act after every Census.
2. Delimitation Commission is a panel with no legislative backing that operates independently of the government and political parties.
Which of the above mentioned statements is/ are correct?
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2



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In context of National Security Act, consider the following statements:
1. A person can be detained for up to 12 months without a charge.
2. The person can appeal before a high court advisory board but will not be allowed a lawyer during the trial.
3. It breaches the Article 22(1) of the Indian Constitution
Which of the above mentioned statements is/ are correct?
a) Only 1 and 2
b) Only 2 and 3
c) Only 1 and 3
d) All of the above



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Ans: A
After the Bhuria Committee recommendations in 1995, Panchayat Extension to Scheduled Areas (PESA) Act 1996 came into existence for ensuring tribal self-rule for people living in scheduled areas of India.
The PESA conferred the absolute powers to Gram Sabha, whereas state legislature has given an advisory role to ensure the proper functioning of Panchayats and Gram Sabhas.
The power delegated to Gram Sabha cannot be curtailed by a higher level, and there shall be independence throughout.



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Discuss the impact of LPG Policy 1991 on poverty and unemployment scenario within India.


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