26/02/2023
India and the Mughal Empire experienced important changes under Jahangir and Shah Jahan. First, the empire grew in both territorial extent and wealth: between 1580 and 1646 its revenue demand more than doubled, growing from 90.7 to 222.3 million rupees, owing largely to territorial annexations, especially in Bengal and the north Deccan. As the empire territory expanded, so did its corps mansabdars, both in size and in composition. As the above chart indicates, mansabdars holding medium or higher ranks nearly doubled in number between the end of Akbar region and the end of Shah Jahan region. Throughout this period the nobility Iranian component remained high and stable, comprising about a quarter of the total. Afghans were poorly represented in Akbar nobility owing to suspicions of their loyalty, but they fared somewhat better under Jahangir and Shah Jahan, as those suspicions began to dissipate. Whereas the proportion of Indian Muslims in the nobility remained at about an eighth of the total throughout this period, the number of Turkish nobles dropped from a third to a quarter of the total, while Rajputs made a modest gain overall and they have, on average, higher ranks than other groups.
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