BM Mushrooms & Horticulture

Happy Birthday to New Agriverse FPC Ltd — 28th November!

Today marks another year of the collective soul, dedication, and dreams of our farmers coming together as one. New Agriverse is not just an organisation — it is a movement built from the hands, hopes, and hard work of our farming community.

It’s truly a blessing to be recognised in such a meaningful way. On this special day, our FPC has been featured on Doordarshan’s Krishi Darshan — a moment of pride for every member, every well-wisher, and every supporter who has walked this journey with us.

Here is the full video of our journey and work :
https://www.youtube.com/live/bq6t3BVFkAs?si=ZLfs9OeVThyqtabA
— please watch and share if it inspires you or teaches you something valuable.

Our success would have never been possible without the constant blessings, support, and guidance of:

• CBBO – Saat Mile Satish Club o Pathagar
• KVK Coochbehar
• SFAC
• Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India
• Government of West Bengal
• And every stakeholder, partner, and well-wisher who believed in us

From all of us at New Agriverse FPC, heartfelt gratitude.
May this collective journey grow stronger, touch more lives, and create new opportunities for farmers every single day.

Understanding Mushroom Anatomy – The Basic Structure & Its Functions

When we look at a mushroom, most people only see the “fruit” on the surface. But a mushroom is much more than what meets the eye. To truly grow mushrooms properly profitably and scientifically, you must understand what parts a mushroom has and what each part actually does.

Let’s break it down in the simplest and most practical way.

1. Mycelium – The Real Body of the Mushroom

Most people think the mushroom is the whole organism. Actually, the mushroom you see is just the fruit.
The real living body is the mycelium.

What is mycelium?

A white, thread-like network that grows inside the substrate (straw, sawdust, wood, soil, etc.).
It looks like cotton but behaves like roots + stomach + brain, all in one.

Functions of Mycelium

Absorption: Breaks down nutrients from substrate and absorbs them.

Expansion: Spreads throughout the substrate to dominate the space.

Protection: Competes with other microbes naturally.

Fruiting: Once the mycelium has colonized fully, it produces mushrooms.

Think of mycelium as the “factory” and mushroom as the “finished product.”

2. Hyphae – The Building Blocks

Hyphae are tiny microscopic filaments.
Mycelium = millions of hyphae woven together.

Functions

They help the mycelium move, feed, digest, and grow.

They release enzymes that break down straw/wood into simple nutrients.

This is why substrate quality, moisture, and sterilization matter.

3. Primordia / Pinheads – The First Stage of the Mushroom

After full colonization, small knots appear. These are called:

Primordia

Pins

Baby mushrooms

Function

This is the transformation stage where mycelium shifts from vegetative growth to reproductive growth.
Your temperature, humidity, and CO₂ control decide whether pins survive or abort.

4. Fruit Body – The Mushroom We Harvest

This is the part that comes out in the open. It has multiple components:

5. Cap (Pileus)

The top umbrella-like structure.

Functions

Protects the gills/pores underneath.

Helps in spore development and release.

Holds moisture and protects the mushroom from drying.

Cap color and shape depend on species (King Oyster vs. Button vs. Shiitake).

6. Gills / Pores (Lamellae)

Located under the cap.

Functions

Produce and release spores (reproductive cells).

More gills = more spores.

Different mushrooms have:

Gills (Oyster, Button)

Pores (Reishi, Polypores)

Teeth (Lion’s Mane)

Understanding this helps in correct identification.

7. Spores

These are the “seeds” of the mushroom—but more microscopic.

Functions

Reproduction and spreading of the species.

Each mature mushroom can release millions of spores.

In commercial cultivation, we don’t use spores; we use spawn, which is pure mycelium.

8. Stipe (Stem)

The vertical column that holds the cap.

Functions

Supports the cap for better spore dispersal.

Transports nutrients to the developing cap.

In some mushrooms (like King Oyster), the stem is the main edible part.

9. Annulus (Ring)

A ring-like structure found on some mushrooms (e.g., Button, Portobello).

Functions

It is the leftover part of a membrane that protected the gills in early development.

Good for identification, not present in oysters or shiitake.

10. Volva

A cup-like structure at the base of some mushrooms (Amanita group).

Function

Remains of the universal veil that protected the young mushroom.

Important: Many poisonous mushrooms have a volva, so identifying this is critical.

11. Substrate – The Growth Medium

While not part of the mushroom’s body, it becomes part of its functional anatomy.

Functions

Source of nutrition

Structure for mycelium to colonize

Determines texture and yield

Impacts flavor (especially in shiitake, king oyster)

Putting It All Together

A mushroom begins as microscopic hyphae → forms mycelium → develops primordia → grows into a full fruit body with cap, gills, stem, etc.

As a cultivator, if you understand:

How mycelium behaves

What conditions trigger primordia

How fruit bodies form

…you can control yield, quality, contamination, and profit.

This is the foundation of scientific mushroom farming.

🌾 We’re Coming to Delhi! 🌾

We’re delighted to announce that our FPC will be participating in the India International Trade Fair (IITF 2025) at Bharat Mandapam, Pragati Maidan, New Delhi from 14th to 27th November 2025! 🇮🇳✨

Our FPC will proudly showcase a range of organic and natural products grown by our farmers.
We warmly welcome everyone for B2B business discussions, collaborations, and to experience the purity of our farm-to-table products.

Hands on training in Spawn & Mushroom technology.

For more details:
https://rzp.io/rzp/SNybtlV