Applied Electronics and Instrumentation KMCTCE

Cngrats Rahul, Ameena Yari & Aswathi

http://digitalpaper.mathrubhumi.com/563250/Mathrubhumi/AUGUST-12-2015 /12/1

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Namasthe Mangalyan...session about ISRO'S Mars Orbiter Mission presented by Shajahan K

Sky Touch [Tribute to ISRO #Mangalyaan Victory] Tribute to ISRO from the bottom of our heart, presented at Swasraya Bharath 2014. Inspired by Victory. Dedicated to Organizers & Volunteers of Swasraya Bharath.

::INSTRUMENTATION IN DEFENCE::

There is a wide a wide variety in the
instruments used in the Defence forces.
Whatever be the field of application,
precision and accuracy of measurements are of great significance.
The application may be surveillance,
reconnaissance, piloting, navigation,
guidance, target identification and
acquisition, weapon aiming,
designation, or ranging and counter
measures under all weather conditions
during day and night.
In any of these, there cannot be any
compromise on quality. New methods of
measurements and new instruments
may have to be evolved to meet the
demands of changing trends in
operations. New applications will need
new technology. This brings out the
importance of research and
development in instrumentation in the
Defence services.
Though there are mechanical,
pneumatic, electrical, thermal, optical
and other types of instruments, those
with in-built application of electronics
are perhaps the most widely used type
in industries. Application of computer
technology may also be involved in
measurements and data preservation.
However, in Defence forces, there is
often an emphasis on instruments based
on applied optics.
Under the Defence Research and
Development Organisation, there is an
establishment exclusively for R&D in the
field of instruments: The Instruments
Research and Development
Establishment (IRDE), Raipur Road,
Dehradun – 248 008;
Website: www.drdo.gov.in/drdo/labs/
IRDE /English/index.jsp?
pg=homebody.jsp.
The establishment had its beginning in
Rawalpindi, now in Pakistan. In 1939, it
was the Inspectorate of Scientific Stores,
with the limited responsibility of
inspecting the telecommunication
equipment in the Indian Army. It then
got transformed as Technical
Development Establishment
(Instruments & Electronics), Dehradun.
In 1960, it assumed its present stature.
IRDE has the responsibilities of
research, design, development and
technology transfer in optical and
electro-optical instrumentation mainly
for the Defence services.

CLOSED!

For Day 3 of Cheer India to Mars!

https://www.facebook.com/ISRO/photos/a.1448404935382864.1073741828.1448364408720250/1555121084711248/

Cheer India to Mars! Day 2

We present to you a unique opportunity to be a part of ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Mission.

Unleash your creativity and showcase your original thoughts and understanding about MOM in the form of text, infographics, video etc and you could walk away with exclusive ISRO collectibles!

How to Win

1. Be the first winner by rushing in your entry before 2 PM tomorrow.
2. Post your entries as comments under this announcement post on ISRO - Indian Space Research Organisation
3. Number of likes on your ‘comment’ is a major criterion for selection.
4. Exclusive ISRO collectibles will be posted to the winners.
5. Open to Indian nationals only.
6. You could also participate by replying to our tweet from with tag on twitter.
7. Decision of admin will be final and binding.

MANGALYAAN

ISRO's Mars Orbiter Mission The Red Planet beckons!
India’s foray into interplanetary missions and space exploration is set to leapfrog with the enormously popular Mars Orbiter Mission (MoM).

What is instrumentation.

Instrumentation is defined as the art and science of measurement and control of process variables within a production or manufacturing area.

An instrument is a device that measures a physical quantity such as flow, temperature, level, distance, angle, or pressure.
Instruments may be as simple as direct reading thermometers or may be complex multi-variable process analyzers. Instruments are often part of a control system in refineries, factories, and vehicles. The control of processes is one of the main branches of applied instrumentation. Instrumentation can also refer to handheld devices that measure
some desired variable. Diverse handheld instrumentation is common in laboratories, but can be found in the household as well.

History of Instrumentation

Elements of industrial instrumentation have long histories. Scales for comparing weights and simple pointers to indicate position are ancient technologies. Some of the earliest
measurements were of time.
One of the oldest water clocks was found in the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Amenhotep I, buried around 1500 BCE. Improvements were incorporated in the clocks. By 270 BCE they had the rudiments of an automatic control system device. In 1663 Christopher Wren
presented the Royal Society with a design for a "weather clock". A drawing shows meteorological sensors moving pens over paper driven by clockwork. Such devices did not become standard in meteorology for two centuries.

The concept has remained virtually unchanged as evidenced by pneumatic chart recorders, where a pressurized bellows displaces a pen. Integrating sensors, displays, recorders and controls was uncommon until the industrial revolution, limited by both need and practicality.
In the early years of process control, process indicators and control elements such as valves were monitored by an operator that walked around the unit adjusting the valves to obtain the desired temperatures, pressures, and flows.
As technology evolved pneumatic
controllers were invented and mounted in the field that monitored the process and controlled the valves.
This reduced the amount of time process operators were needed to monitor the process. Later years the actual controllers were moved to a central room and signals were sent into the control room to monitor the process and outputs
signals were sent to the final control element such as a valve to adjust the process as needed.
These controllers and indicators were
mounted on a wall called a control board. The operators stood in front of this board walking back and forth monitoring the process indicators.
This again reduced the number and
amount of time process operators were
needed to walk around the units. The most standard pneumatic signal level used during these years was 3-15 psig.

Electronics enabled wiring to replace pipes. The transistor was commercialized by the mid-1950s. Each instrument company introduced their own standard instrumentation signal, causing confusion until the 4-20 mA
range was used as the standard electronic instrument signal for transmitters and valves. This signal was eventually standardized as ANSI/ISA S50, “Compatibility of Analog Signals for Electronic Industrial Process Instruments", in the 1970s. The transformation of instrumentation from
mechanical pneumatic transmitters, controllers, and valves to electronic
instruments reduced maintenance costs as electronic instruments were more dependable than mechanical instruments. This also increased efficiency and production due to their increase in accuracy.
Pneumatics enjoyed some advantages, being favored in corrosive and explosive atmospheres.
The pneumatic and electronic signaling
standards allowed centralized monitoring and control of a distributed process. The concept was limited by communication line lengths
(perhaps 100 meters for pneumatics). Each pipe or wire pair carried one signal.

The next evolution of instrumentation came with the production of Distributed Control Systems (DCS) which allowed monitoring and control from multiple locations which could be widely separated.

A process operator could sit in front of a screen (no longer a control board) and monitor thousands of points throughout a large complex. A closely related development was termed “Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition” ( SCADA). These technologies were supported by personal computers, networks and graphical user interfaces.

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