Nutan Girls College,Bhopal

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Shaan e bhopal -City Of Nawab's
According to folklore, Bhopal is said to have been
founded by the king Bhoja of the Paramara dynasty (AD
1000–1055), who ruled from his capital at Dhar. This
theory states that Bhopal was originally known as
Bhojpal after the king and the dam ("pal") constructed
by him. No available archaeological evidence,
inscriptions or historical texts support the claim about
an earlier settlement founded by Bhoja at the same
place, although a temple complex constructed by him
exists at Bhojpur, which is located 28 km from Bhopal.
An alternative theory says that the name of the city was
coined from the name of another king called Bhupala
(or Bhupal).[8][9] (During the British Raj, the railway
tickets printed in the city and the signboards on the
railway station mentioned the name of the city as
"Bhupal" in Hindustani and "Bhoopal" in English.)
In the early 18th century, Bhopal was a small village in
the local Gond kingdom. The modern Bhopal city was
established by Dost Mohammad Khan (1672–1728), an
Afghan soldier in the Mughal army.[10] After the death
of the emperor Aurangzeb, Khan started providing
mercenary services to several local chieftains in the
politically unstable Malwa region. In 1709, he took on
the lease of Berasia estate, and later annexed several
territories in the region to establish the Bhopal State.
[11] Khan received the territory of Bhopal from the Gond
queen Rani Kamlapati in lieu of payment for mercenary
services, and usurped her kingdom after her death.[12]
Hamidullah Khan, last nawab of Bhopal
During the early 1720s, Dost Mohammad Khan
transformed the village of Bhopal into a fortified city,
and acquired the title of Nawab.[13] Khan's support to
the Sayyid Brothers earned him the enmity of the rival
Mughal nobleman Nizam-ul-Mulk, who invaded Bhopal
in March 1724, forcing Khan to cede much of his
territory.[14] Dost Mohammad Khan and his Pathan
associates brought the Islamic influence on the culture
and architecture of Bhopal, the ruins of which can be
found at Islamnagar near Bhopal. After Khan's death in
1728, the Bhopal state remained under the influence of
the Nizam.
In 1737 Marathas defeated the Mughals in the Battle of
Bhopal and started collecting tributes from local
chieftains. The city remained under Maratha suzerainty
until the Third Anglo-Maratha War in 1818, when Bhopal
became a British princely state. Between 1819 and 1926,
it was ruled by four women, Begums, – unique in the
royalty of those days - under British suzerainty, Qudsia
Begum was the first woman ruler, who was succeeded
by her only daughter Sikandar Begum, who in turn was
succeeded by her only daughter, Shahjehan Begum.
Sultan Jahan Begum was the last woman ruler, who after
25 years of rule, abdicated in favour of her son,
Hamidullah Khan. The rule of Begums gave the city its
waterworks, railways, a postal system and a municipality
constituted in 1907.[15]
Bhopal State was the second-largest Muslim-ruled
princely state, the first being Hyderabad. After the
independence of India in 1947, the last Nawab expressed
his wish to retain Bhopal as a separate unit. Agitations
against the Nawab broke out in December 1948, leading
to the arrest of prominent leaders including Shankar
Dayal Sharma. Later, the political detainees were
released, and the Nawab signed the agreement for
Bhopal's merger with the Union of India on 30 April
1949.[16]
The Bhopal state was taken over by the Union
Government of India on 1 June 1949. Hindu Sindhi
refugees from Pakistan were accommodated in
Bairagarh, a western suburb of Bhopal (now renamed to
Sant Hirdaram Nagar). According to the States
Reorganization Act of 1956, the Bhopal state was
integrated into the state of Madhya Pradesh, and Bhopal
was declared as its capital. The population of the city
rose rapidly thereafter

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