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Webb Telescope makes Breakthrough Discovery on How Planet Form.

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In this illustration super-Earth Kepler-138 d is in the foreground. To the left, the planet Kepler-138 c, and in the background the planet Kepler 138 b, seen in silhouette transiting its central star. Kepler 138 is a red dwarf star located 218 light-years away. The low density of Kepler-138 c and Kepler-138 d — which are nearly identical in size — means that they must be composed largely of water. They are both twice Earth's mass but have roughly half of Earth's density, and therefore cannot be solid rock. This is based on measurements of their mass versus physical diameter. They are considered a new class of "water planet," unlike any major planet found in our solar system. Kepler-138 b is one of the smallest exoplanets known, having the mass of the planet Mars and the density of rock.

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Researchers have used spectroscopic observations of ultraviolet light from quasars to detect and map the Magellanic Corona, a diffuse halo of hot, supercharged gas surrounding the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds. Shown in purple, the corona stretches more than 100,000 light-years from the main mass of stars, gas, and dust that make up the Magellanic Clouds, intermingling with the hotter and more extensive corona that surrounds the Milky Way. 

The Magellanic Clouds, dwarf galaxies roughly 160,000 light-years from Earth, are the largest of the Milky Way’s satellites and are thought to be on their first in-falling passage around the Milky Way. This journey has begun to unravel what were once barred spirals with multiple arms into more irregular-shaped galaxies with long tails of debris. The corona is thought to act as a buffer protecting the dwarf galaxies’ vital star-forming gas from the gravitational pull of the much larger Milky Way.

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Saturn moon Enceladus
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Challenges That come with living on mars
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A galaxy is a huge collection of gas, dust, and billions of stars and their solar systems, according to NASA. A galaxy is held together by gravity. They come in a variety of sizes, from small dwarf galaxies with only a few billion stars to giant elliptical galaxies with trillions of stars. Although most galaxies have elliptical shapes, a few have unusual shapes like toothpicks or rings.

NASA's Astronomy Picture of the Day is a breathtaking image of two dominant galaxies which have been locked in gravitational combat for years, located nearly 12 million light-years away in the northern constellation of the Great Bear. One of them is a spiral galaxy named M81 with spiral arms and a bright yellow core. It is known as Bode's Galaxy and spans nearly 100,000 light-years. The other is a cigar-shaped galaxy called M82.

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