Anatomy and Physiology

03/09/2026

Change in life, change in function
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A groundbreaking study shows that ovaries don’t shut down after menopause, but turn into organs with a new function.

For decades, the medical community viewed postmenopausal ovaries as biologically inert, having completed their reproductive lifespan. However, a new study published in Molecular Human Reproduction challenges this conventional wisdom.

By examining the ovarian tissue of mice at various reproductive stages, researchers from Northwestern University discovered that as egg development and hormone production decline, the ovaries undergo a dramatic molecular transformation.

Rather than quietly shutting down, these organs adapt, developing a distinct 'immune-like' profile characterized by an influx of T cells, macrophages, and active inflammatory signaling pathways.

This discovery suggests that ovaries may continue to exert a powerful, systemic influence on a woman's health long after menopause. While scientists are still determining whether this post-reproductive immune activity is beneficial, harmful, or a mix of both, it raises critical questions about how ovarian aging impacts chronic inflammation across the entire body. Furthermore, early findings from human ovarian tissue hint that these dynamic molecular shifts are not unique to mice. This research fundamentally redefines our understanding of female anatomy, signaling that these vital organs may have a second act focused entirely on systemic health and immune function.

source: Converse, A., Dipali, S. S., Schowe, I. P., Kelly, E. B., Jambunathan, S. S., Ocañas, S. R., Stout, M. B., Pritchard, M. T., & Duncan, F. E. (2026). The post-reproductive o***y shifts from a reproductive to an immune-like organ. Molecular Human Reproduction, 32(2).

31/08/2026

Informed choice, my arse!
We were told, 'Yes, the mRNA in the Covid-19 vaccine only mimics what happens in cells anyway, with regard to protein synthesis (here spike protein), hence it is safe..."
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21/08/2026

What doctors don't or won't tell you

How do we feel about having good health and disease? Do we even understand good health or disease? A relationship we usually perceive as something between us and something outside of us; but do we have a relationship with our good health or disease? It has a review of medicine, and its history is...

06/08/2026

Most people have no idea their digestive system could be influencing their mental health. 🧠

Dr. Natasha Campbell-McBride, neurologist and author of Gut and Psychology Syndrome (GAPS), has spent decades studying the connection between the gut and the brain.

One of her most controversial findings?

🍞🥛 Some people may produce compounds called gluteomorphins and casomorphins when they cannot properly digest gluten and dairy. These morphine-like compounds can enter the bloodstream and potentially affect the brain.

She also explains that certain harmful microbes 🦠 in the gut consume sulfur, one of the body’s most important minerals for detoxification.

When sulfur is depleted, the body’s natural ability to detoxify can suffer.

Think about that for a moment...

Your digestive system isn’t just where food is processed.

✨ It’s home to trillions of microbes.
✨ It produces neurotransmitters.
✨ It communicates directly with the brain.
✨ It plays a major role in immunity, inflammation, detoxification, and mood.

When the gut becomes damaged or imbalanced, it can show up as:

🧠 Brain fog
😟 Anxiety
😴 Fatigue
🎭 Mood changes
🌿 Skin issues
⚡ Low energy

Symptoms that often seem completely unrelated to digestion.

That’s why I always tell people:

🧩 If you’re only focusing on the brain and ignoring the gut, you’re missing a huge piece of the puzzle.

If you are ready to begin detoxing, here is our FREE course, 6 Secrets to Total Body Detox. https://ghi.ac/6-secrets-to-total-body-detox

The road to better health always starts in the gut.

🎓And if you're ready to take your passion for natural health to the next level, we're currently offering a $2,000 grant toward becoming a Certified Natural Health Coach through the Global Healing Institute. http://ghi.ac/47TFJWl

Blessings and truth,

Dr. Edward Group, DC

30/07/2026

The Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) Pathway is a vital neurological mechanism that stabilizes vision during head movements by coordinating signals between the inner ear, brainstem, and eye muscles. This diagram illustrates the complete VOR circuit, including the horizontal semicircular canals, vestibular nuclei, medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF), oculomotor (CN III) and abducens (CN VI) nuclei, along with the medial and lateral re**us muscles. It also demonstrates the effects of cold and warm caloric stimulation, explaining how temperature-induced endolymph movement triggers predictable eye movements (nystagmus). Understanding the VOR pathway is essential for evaluating dizziness, vertigo, brainstem function, vestibular disorders, and cranial nerve abnormalities in clinical neurology and neuro-ophthalmology.

03/07/2026

21/06/2026

This medical illustration depicts the pyramidal and extrapyramidal motor pathways descending from the human brain.

​Pyramidal Tract: The blue nerve fibres (thought they're not really blue) originate near the central fissure (motor cortex) and travel downward through the brsin, piercing the internal capsule, down through the pons, and medulla oblongata (forming the pyramids) to control voluntary movement.

​Extrapyramidal Tract & Deep Structures: The diagram highlights subcortical structures like the caudate nucleus, putamen, red nucleus, and substantia nigra, collectively called the basal ganglia.

These integrate with the reticular formation to coordinate involuntary motor control, balance, and posture.

02/06/2026

🧠 The foramen ovale is an important skull base opening.

The mnemonic OVALE helps recall its contents:
• Otic ganglion
• V3 (mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve)
• Accessory meningeal artery
• Lesser petrosal nerve
• Emissary veins

31/05/2026

There is, of late, talk of 'turbo-cancers'.
No one has asked the question of their relation to having the Covid-19 jab.
I truly believe that there is a fundamental fear to ask this question in scientific circles, such that they won't even look that way, let alone think it, leading to a 'meta-study'

30/05/2026

Elbow Joint Anatomy: The Foundation of Stability and Movement

The elbow is a complex synovial hinge joint that allows precise flexion, extension, pronation, and supination of the forearm. Its stability depends on the coordinated interaction of bony articulations, collateral ligaments, and musculotendinous attachments.

In this illustration, the lateral epicondyle serves as the common origin of the forearm extensor muscles, while the medial epicondyle gives rise to the common flexor tendon.

The radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), and annular ligament play crucial roles in maintaining joint stability during movement and load-bearing activities. Understanding these anatomical relationships is essential for diagnosing conditions such as lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow), medial epicondylitis (golfer's elbow), ligament injuries, and elbow instability.

A strong anatomical foundation leads to better clinical understanding, accurate diagnosis, and effective rehabilitation strategies.

[Elbow anatomy, elbow joint, lateral epicondyle, medial epicondyle, radial collateral ligament, ulnar collateral ligament, annular ligament, common flexor origin, common extensor origin, biceps tendon, radius, ulna, orthopedic anatomy, sports injuries, clinical anatomy, musculoskeletal education, upper extremity anatomy, medical illustration, anatomy teaching, rehabilitation medicine]