Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 7

𝐄𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐝 𝐅𝐨𝐨𝐝 𝐒𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦𝐬: 𝐀𝐠𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞, 𝐍𝐮𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐂𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐇𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐢, 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐚

Thomas A. Reuter
𝘈𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘵𝘦, 𝘍𝘢𝘤𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘈𝘳𝘵𝘴, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘦𝘭𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘦, 𝘗𝘢𝘳𝘬𝘷𝘪𝘭𝘭𝘦, 𝘈𝘶𝘴𝘵𝘳𝘢𝘭𝘪𝘢

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
The long-established, traditional food systems maintained by indigenous and local communities in developing countries have witnessed rapid changes in production, trade, and consumption patterns in recent decades. These changes tend to be detrimental to ecological and human health. The central highlands and northeastern coast of the island of Bali, Indonesia, are illustrative examples of such a regional food system, with centuries of documented history and subject to a longitudinal ethnographic study by the author. This paper describes the recent decline in local biodiversity, ecological sustainability, social resilience, nutrition, and food security in this food system in the wake of agricultural ‘modernization.’ Greater attention to the culturally modulated dimensions of food systems, it is argued, will contribute to creating a rural development model for (re-)creating moral economies that support ecologically and socially responsible food systems.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/22769

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 6

𝐅𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲, 𝐌𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐫𝐲 𝐏𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐲, 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐓𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞 𝐁𝐚𝐥𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐍𝐞𝐱𝐮𝐬 𝐢𝐧 𝐍𝐢𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐚: 𝐀 𝐍𝐞𝐰 𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐢𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐄𝐯𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞

Godson Umunna Nwagu, Anthony Orji, Ikubor O. Jude, Jonathan E. Ogbuabor, Onyinye I. Anthony-Orji, & Lynda C. Nwufo
𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘌𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘴, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘕𝘪𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢, 𝘕𝘴𝘶𝘬𝘬𝘢, 𝘕𝘪𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢
𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘌𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘴, 𝘕𝘪𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘋𝘦𝘧𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘈𝘤𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘺, 𝘒𝘢𝘥𝘶𝘯𝘢, 𝘕𝘪𝘨𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘢

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
Today fiscal and monetary policy instruments are inextricably linked in macroeconomic management as the macroeconomic variables are interwoven. The broad objective is to analyze the impact of fiscal and monetary policy instruments on the trade balance in Nigeria. This study uses the cointegration method and ordinary least square estimation to examine the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on Nigeria's trade balance from 1981 to 2018. The co-integration test confirms the existence of a long-run relationship between monetary policy as measured by broad money supply and fiscal policy as measured by government spending, taxation, and trade balance. The empirical findings revealed that the selected monetary and fiscal policy variables did not improve Nigeria's trade balance during the study period. As a result, the study recommended that the government encourage trade policies that increase exports to attract foreign exchange inflows and foreign investments.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/22725

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 5

𝐑𝐞-𝐈𝐦𝐚𝐠𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐖𝐚𝐬𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐲𝐲𝐚𝐡 𝐚𝐬 𝐚 𝐒𝐨𝐜𝐢𝐨-𝐓𝐡𝐞𝐨𝐥𝐨𝐠𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐥 𝐌𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐘𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡 𝐀𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐫 𝐢𝐧 𝐀𝐜𝐜𝐫𝐚, 𝐆𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐚

Charles Prempeh
𝘦𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘦 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘊𝘶𝘭𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘢𝘭 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘈𝘧𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪𝘦𝘴, 𝘒𝘸𝘢𝘮𝘦 𝘕𝘬𝘳𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘩 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘚𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘛𝘦𝘤𝘩𝘯𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺, 𝘒𝘶𝘮𝘢𝘴𝘪, 𝘎𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘢

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
The paper recognizes that the current coronavirus has caused an anger spike that has brought in its wake global street demonstrations and protests against the ruling elite. In the case of Ghana, this has found expression in some of the young men and women of the country deploying their anger that brings them into conflict with the police – often leading to either death or destruction of property. Much as the issue of youth anger is transnational, in this article, the researcher focuses on two Muslim inner-cities in Accra, Nima, and Maamobi, to reflect on how wasatiyyah could be appropriated to mediate emerging religiopolitical tension in Ghana and the West African sub-region. It is instead for the sake of convenience of the researcher’s familiarity since, as a resident of a Muslim inner-city in Accra, the researcher seeks to destabilize the simplistic assertion that Islam is a violent religion, while Muslim youth in the urban slum is concomitantly incorrigibly aggressive. Thus, deploying autoethnography and ethnographic techniques of in-depth interviews, the article explores the intersections of Ghana's socio-political history and global and contemporary issues, including Covid-19 have spiked anger that needs critical reflection. The paper concludes that the anger in the Muslim communities in Accra is not isolated from the social history of Ghana and the global context. To keep the security of the country intact and offers the youth hope, wasatiyyah will help in explaining existential inequalities as well as reorienting people to deploy moral outrage productively.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/23065

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 4

𝐄𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐨𝐲𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐆𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐞𝐬 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐏𝐚𝐤𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧: 𝐀 𝐃𝐢𝐚𝐠𝐧𝐨𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐧𝐚𝐥𝐲𝐬𝐢𝐬

Azeema Begum
𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘌𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘮𝘪𝘤𝘴, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘒𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪, 𝘒𝘢𝘳𝘢𝘤𝘩𝘪, 𝘗𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
The employment challenges are getting more complex and worse because youth under the age of 30 constitute 64 percent of the total population. The gradual increase in labor force participation is adding more pressure to the labor market to generate employment opportunities. Hence, the growth in employment generation is essential to match the unprecedented number of young people entering working age in Pakistan. Moreover, the structural transition process involving labor movement from low-to-high productive activities has been much slower in Pakistan than in other Asian countries like China. This study identifies all major concerns regarding employment challenges in Pakistan and identifies various strategies and policies while adopting a diagnostic approach to employment policy. The reason for adopting the diagnostic approach/framework is to develop an understanding of the factors which are responsible for the slow growth of employment in formal sectors and significant constraints for generating more employment. It attempts to assess various elements that may find a place in developing strategies and policies. While designing effective policies for employment, policymakers must consider all aspects like population, demographics, types of unemployment, economic condition, social structure, and development stage of a country. Meanwhile, the role of entrepreneurial activities and the private sector, technological changes, development of labor-intensive industries and SMEs, improving skills and knowledge, youth employment programs, active labor market policies (ALMPs), and macroeconomic policies are core elements that should be considered to design effectual policies for employment generation.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/22751

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 3

𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐨𝐧𝐞𝐬𝐢𝐚’𝐬 𝐏𝐥𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐑𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐜𝐡 𝐋𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐒𝐨𝐮𝐭𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐬𝐭 𝐀𝐬𝐢𝐚

Dalibor Fiala
𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘚𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘌𝘯𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘯𝘨, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘉𝘰𝘩𝘦𝘮𝘪𝘢, 𝘗𝘭𝘻𝘦ň, 𝘊𝘻𝘦𝘤𝘩 𝘙𝘦𝘱𝘶𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘤

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
This article presents a scientometric analysis of 330,729 journal articles indexed in the prestigious Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science database authored by researchers affiliated with institutions from five Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam) and published in the first two decades of the 21st century (2001-2020). With a focus on Indonesia, we examined the scientific production of those five nations as well as the citedness of their research publications from both the static and dynamic perspectives and compared various indicators of countries in absolute and relative terms, including the socio-economic aspects of population size, gross domestic product, and research and development expenditures. The key findings are: a) the overall research production of all five countries has been growing, b) Indonesia is the weakest nation in all relative scientometric indicators except the average number of citations per paper, where it is ranked second, c) Malaysia is generally the leading nation, but Vietnam has the most remarkably positive development in both production and citedness, and d) the Philippines is extremely efficient in the mean number of citations per paper as well as per expenditure on research and development.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/23326

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 2

𝐄𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐲 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐥𝐥𝐞𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐬 𝐚𝐧 𝐎𝐩𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐭𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐭𝐲: 𝐓𝐞𝐚𝐜𝐡𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐑𝐞𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐨𝐬𝐭-𝐏𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐦𝐢𝐜 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝

Maya Khemlani David
𝘈𝘴𝘪𝘢 𝘌𝘶𝘳𝘰𝘱𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘵𝘶𝘵𝘦, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘔𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘢, 𝘒𝘶𝘢𝘭𝘢 𝘓𝘶𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘳, 𝘔𝘢𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘴𝘪𝘢
Ameer Ali
𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺 𝘰𝘧 𝘚𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘩, 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘴𝘩𝘰𝘳𝘰, 𝘚𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘩, 𝘗𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘯

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
Drastic changes in the wake of COVID-19 have been witnessed in many sectors. The education sector has also been affected due to lockdowns. Exclusive online teaching methodologies were used due to the closing of schools. Platforms such as Zoom, Eventbrite, Microsoft Teams and many others were used for language teaching. Language teachers were trained regarding the use of digital tools, and this led to a radical shift to online language teaching. However, we are now moving back from enforced online teaching during the initial era of Covid-19 to teacher fronted classrooms. In this research, the focus will be what language teachers have learnt from that time and are using now for more effective teaching of reading skills. Data collected through interviews with 15 teachers and 10 students who have recently shifted to a hybrid way of language teaching and learning were qualitatively analyzed to demonstrate the benefits of hybrid language teaching and learning. Findings show that this methodology is becoming popular among teachers and students, because it enhances both teaching and learning and is effective in achieving teaching and learning goals. In summary, the wise and selective use of digital tools and face to face teaching for the teaching of a range of reading skills improves learning and their strategic use by the teacher should be encouraged and is discussed in this research.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/23094

Unisia: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Vol. 40, No. 1, Article 1

𝐃𝐚𝐭𝐚 𝐒𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐀𝐩𝐩𝐫𝐨𝐚𝐜𝐡 𝐭𝐨 𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐚𝐫𝐞 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐋𝐲𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐬 𝐨𝐟 𝐏𝐨𝐩𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐫 𝐌𝐮𝐬𝐢𝐜 𝐀𝐫𝐭𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐬

Caleb Rosebaugh & Lior Shamir
𝘋𝘦𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘊𝘰𝘮𝘱𝘶𝘵𝘦𝘳 𝘚𝘤𝘪𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦, 𝘒𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘢𝘴 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘷𝘦𝘳𝘴𝘪𝘵𝘺, 𝘔𝘢𝘯𝘩𝘢𝘵𝘵𝘢𝘯, 𝘒𝘢𝘯𝘴𝘢𝘴 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦, 𝘜𝘯𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘚𝘵𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘴

𝐀𝐛𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐜𝐭
Popular music lyrics exhibit clear differences between songwriters. This study describes a quantitative approach to the analysis of popular music lyrics. The method uses explainable measurements of the lyrics and therefore allows the use of quantitative measurements for consequent qualitative analyses. This study applies the automatic quantitative text analytics to 18,577 songs from 89 popular music artists. The analysis quantifies different elements of the lyrics that might be impractical to measure manually. The analysis includes basic supervised machine learning, and the explainable nature of the measurements also allows to identify specific differences between the artists. For instance, the sentiments expressed in the lyrics, the diversity in the selection of words, the frequency of gender-related words, and the distribution of the sounds of the words show differences between popular music artists. The analysis also shows a correlation between the easiness of readability and the positivity of the sentiments expressed in the lyrics. The analysis can be used as a new approach to studying popular music lyrics. The software developed for the study is publicly available and can be used for future studies of popular music lyrics.

https://journal.uii.ac.id/Unisia/article/view/22990