04/09/2026
๐[๐ก๐ฒ๐ ๐ฃ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ฐ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป] ๐ฃ๐ฟ๐ผ๐ณ. ๐ ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ฎ๐ฟ๐ฟ๐ฒ๐๐ ๐ต๐ฎ๐ ๐ฝ๐๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐๐ต๐ฒ๐ฑ ๐ฎ๐ป ๐ฎ๐ฟ๐๐ถ๐ฐ๐น๐ฒ ๐ฒ๐ป๐๐ถ๐๐น๐ฒ๐ฑ โ๐ง๐ต๐ฒ ๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ฎ๐น ๐๐ฒ๐ด๐ฎ๐น ๐ฉ๐ฎ๐น๐ถ๐ฑ๐ถ๐๐ ๐ผ๐ณ ๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐๐๐ผ๐ฟ ๐ข๐ฏ๐น๐ถ๐ด๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ผ๐ป๐ ๐ถ๐ป ๐๐ป๐๐ฒ๐๐๐บ๐ฒ๐ป๐ ๐ง๐ฟ๐ฒ๐ฎ๐๐ถ๐ฒ๐โ
Prof. Martin Jarrett has published an article entitled โThe International Legal Validity of Investor Obligations in Investment Treatiesโ in ๐๐ฉ๐ฆ ๐๐ฐ๐ถ๐ณ๐ฏ๐ข๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ง ๐๐ฐ๐ณ๐ญ๐ฅ ๐๐ฏ๐ท๐ฆ๐ด๐ต๐ฎ๐ฆ๐ฏ๐ต & ๐๐ณ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฆ.
About the article: In an effort to counteract the asymmetry of international investment law, some recently concluded investment treaties have included โinvestor obligationsโ. As their name suggests, they are treaty provisions that impose obligations on investors; for example, to conduct their investment activities in accordance with specified environmental standards. They are also juridically independent, meaning that States could use them to directly sue investors for their misconduct.
Investor obligations are doctrinally fascinating. For one, their subjects are individuals, which challenges the doctrine that individuals are not capable of assuming treaty obligations. If treaty obligations may be imposed on investors, are there any limitations on this power? Finally, considering that investors are not parties to investment treaties, can they take advantage of the pacta tertiis rule and make the operation of investor obligations subject to their consent? This paper analyses these questions.
๐กRead the article here: https://shorturl.at/1eD1I