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Shilavadra Bhattacharjee in Marine Careers On April 16, 2014
10 Important Jobs Deck Cadets Have To Perform On board Ships

While still in a maritime college, a deck cadet often wonders as to what his shipboard duties exactly are. Though there is no specific guidelines or deck cadet job description, the common answer to this intriguing question at college is that a cadet must assist the deck officers in the day-to-day operations of the vessel.

Maritime books don’t really outline the duties expected from a trainee officer and rather harps on the theoretical aspects of onboard training.

Indeed, there are excellent books on the theory and practice of seamanship (& on deck cadet training) but the practical experience gained as a cadet onboard ship is better than any bookish knowledge.

It is therefore important that deck cadets have a general overview of the duties that are performed when on board ships. Of course, these are general guidelines and the jobs may vary from ship to ship.

Deck Cadets
Credits: darn13/depositphotos.com

Below mentioned are ten important duties that are required to be performed by deck cadets on almost every type of ship.

1. Tank Soundings
Almost all deck cadets are asked to check tank soundings on a regular basis. Generally taken after the 0400-0800 watch (before or right after breakfast), soundings are very crucial for ensuring the stability of the vessel. The fact that the ship’s stability is dependent on the total ballast being carried, makes a deck cadet realise the high level of responsibility given to him.

Taking soundings must be learnt to the highest degree of precision so that the job becomes easier and executed swiftly. Knowing the depth of all the tanks also saves a lot of time. At ports, soundings are extremely crucial to the loading and/or discharging of the cargo and should not be meddled with at all. Fabricating the readings can be detrimental to the safety of the ship and its crew.

2. Ship Maintenance
All cadets who have served onboard will know that an area within the ship is designated to the deck cadet for maintenance and upkeep. Generally, one deck (or a part of it) of the superstructure is assigned to the cadet. Maintenance of that includes overall cleanliness and reporting of any abnormalities within the area.

3. LSA/FFA Maintenance
Thorough maintenance of the life saving appliances (LSA) and fire fighting appliances (FFA) is extremely important. Generally a part of the 3rd Mate’s duties and responsibilities, this work is assigned to the cadets so that they learn the procedures of noting down expiry dates, carrying out repair work, checking for any defects, emailing the company for ordering new products etc. In the process, a cadet ends up learning a great deal about how each equipment functions and also a lot about the lifeboats, liferafts, pyrotechnics, SOLAS Regulations etc. All such information ends up being extremely useful when appearing for the 2nd Mates examination.

4. Deck Work
Assisting the ship’s bosun in everyday deck work is embedded into any cadet’s daily schedule. This is basically grounding work, seemingly unimportant at the start, but builds the framework for the coming years as an officer. Work on deck including chipping, painting, grinding etc. is carried out to maintain the structural integrity of the deck, along with some rope work (e.g., splicing) that gives cadets the right aspect towards good seamanship.

Also, as all cadets will tell you, the job of stenciling various parts on deck is the universal designated duty of a cadet!

5. Berthing/Unberthing Operations
When a vessel goes alongside (or casts away), it’s normally “all hands on deck”. The entire deck populace is present at their respective stations to get the vessel to berth/cast off close to perfection. A cadet starts out at the stations as a sort of a rating, doing mainly the physical work. As time goes by and experience is gained, his job switches to more of a supervisory nature, wherein the cadet is expected to relay the orders of the Master to the ratings, ensuring that the operation runs smoothly and in order.

6. Pilotage Operations
A cadet’s role during pilotage varies with the time he has spent onboard. Initially, a cadet assists the ratings in rigging the pilot ladder and lowering the gangway for the pilot to board, along with other related processes during pilotage. The process also involves learning, first hand, the precise construction of the pilot ladder as per Regulations (important when appearing for the 2nd Mates examination). Gradually, once the Master deems the Cadet to be relatively well versed with the vessel’s operations, he is called on the Bridge to assist the duty officer with the different pilotage paperwork, e.g. printing out and filling the pilot card, plotting the position, filling the radio log (under supervision), observing the steering etc.

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7. Port work and Cargo Operations
Being a trainee officer slated to sail as a 3rd Mate upon completion of the training period, a cadet is expected to be vigilant while in port. Work in port includes assisting the 3rd Mate with paperwork (Bond store, crew declaration etc.), i.e. keeping them stamped, signed and ready with a fair number of photocopies.

Watches also have to be kept in port; this includes monitoring the cargo being loaded/unloaded (involves noting down precise timings of the start and end of loading/unloading, every time it happens). Normally, the cadet is made responsible to keep a tab on the tank soundings with continuous feedback to the duty officer on the portable VHF handheld/ walkie-talkie.

8. ISPS Watch
A very integral part of the port watch, an ISPS watch is pivotal to the security of the ship. With the norms pertaining to ship security getting stringent by the day, the ISPS watch has become one that has to be taken rather seriously.

A cadet is normally assigned to monitor the entry and exit points of the vessel. Usually stationed at the gangway, it is expected from a cadet to keep a log of all the persons entering and leaving the vessel; this includes all shore personnel as well as the ship’s crew (going on shore leave). IDs must be checked and logged in the ship’s ‘Visitor’s Log’. If such a system exists onboard (differs from company to company), a ship’s numbered ID must be provided to keep a track of the person even more precisely. Bags and suspicious objects must be checked thoroughly. A cadet, being an officer in the making, is also expected to usher in various officials (PSC Surveyors, Coast Guard, Medical/Health Inspectors etc.) to the ship’s office. Informing the duty officer of the particulars of the person being brought in is crucial and comes naturally after having spent enough time onboard.

9. Paperwork At Sea
All seafarers will agree that paperwork has increased many times over and so has the stress and irritation that comes with it! A cadet is expected to be a helping hand to the Chief Mate when it comes to the different checklists, familiarisation lists, key logs etc.

Updating of the Muster lists and the cabin key log are generally handed over to the cadet when there are new on signers. Making photocopies of various lists are almost always the sole job of a cadet! (And sometimes the number is extremely large). Not to forget the thing that has become ubiquitous on almost all vessels- The Watch & Rest Hours- to be distributed to all on time; another universally allotted job of the deck cadet.

Although not directly part of mainstream paperwork, the numerous discontinued charts that are used for stencilling are also to be cut out, close to perfection by the deck cadet!

10. Navigation
Perhaps the most important aspect of being a cadet, navigation is the very purpose that the ship is in business and officers/ratings are employed!

Not having a valid Certificate of Competency (COC), a cadet is naturally not allowed to keep a bridge watch independently. However, under the guidance and supervision of a certified officer (almost always it is the Chief Mate), a cadet is expected to learn the science and art of navigation, which would eventually help him in becoming a successful deck officer. Theoretical knowledge of the COLREGS, Celestial Navigation, Bridge Equipments, Seamanship, Chartwork etc. all culminate into this one grand attempt at safe navigation of the vessel.

Normally, the Chief Mate takes time out during the bridge watches (0400-0800 and 1600-2000) to teach a cadet about the ongoings in the bridge and also tests his knowledge he has received during his deck cadet course on myriad aspects of the merchant navy. Gradually, the Chief Mate and eventually the Master develops a trust factor (provided the cadet is worth the salt), which enables them to delegate work to the cadet.

As daunting as it may seem, cadetship actually is the most fun part of one’s shipping career. With no responsibility at hand and not being answerable under legal bindings, cadetship is the time to learn and imbibe. Everyone that has gone through will look back at their time fondly (except the extreme cases!) and with pride. Donning the uniform as a young 20 something is a matter of respect. Provided a cadet is diligent in his duties, he can be assured that he’ll be respected by all onboard and the time he spends as a cadet will be full of lifelong memories.

Want to learn duties of deck officers at each level? Checkout our ebook “A Guide to Become Successful Deck Officer”

2019 | All Rights Reserved

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Over 40% of Maritime Businesses Failing to Fund Training
in International Shipping News 06/09/2019

Global research recently conducted by Lloyd’s Maritime Academy, the experts in life-long learning for maritime professionals, has revealed that over 41% of people surveyed still receive no funding from within their business for training, with a mere 20% stating that they receive 75-100% funding.

Following over 500 responses from professionals around the world and from different sectors of the maritime industry, the research also highlighted that there is still an alarmingly high percentage of companies experiencing a retention problem. Ted Bailey, Head of Digital Learning at Lloyd’s Maritime Academy states: “Given the funding figures it comes as no surprise that we had 40% of our respondents answer yes to the question: ‘Is retention a challenge for your business?’. The industry clearly has some way to go with regards to retaining talent and career progression.”

Early 2019 saw the UK’s Department for Transport set out its vision for people in maritime as part of its ‘Maritime 2050: Navigating the Future’ strategy document. Here it was noted that a solid partnership between universities, training institutions, government, regulators and maritime companies is critical if the UK is to provide the training needed to maximise the maritime workforce’s global footprint at sea and on shore, long into the future.

Ted continues: “This type of futuristic outlook is encouraging, and everyone involved in the industry needs to champion the vision. The sector to date hasn’t been particularly effective at long term succession planning – if it was, then training would be a far greater and higher priority. Companies need to be demonstrating more commitment to training and invest time in mapping out a variety of career paths to not only help attract new people but ensure that the talented individuals they already have within their business stay for the long-term.”
Source: Lloyd’s Maritime Academy

Did you know about the concept of blue economy??./.
Look out for its immense benefits to shipping?

10 Important Jobs Deck Cadets Have To Perform On board Ships
While still in a maritime college, a deck cadet often wonders as to what his shipboard duties exactly are. Though there is no specific guidelines or deck cadet job description, the common answer to this intriguing question at college is that a cadet must assist the deck officers in the day-to-day operations of the vessel.

Maritime books don’t really outline the duties expected from a trainee officer and rather harps on the theoretical aspects of onboard training.

Indeed, there are excellent books on the theory and practice of seamanship (& on deck cadet training) but the practical experience gained as a cadet onboard ship is better than any bookish knowledge.

It is therefore important that deck cadets have a general overview of the duties that are performed when on board ships. Of course, these are general guidelines and the jobs may vary from ship to ship.

Credits: darn13/depositphotos.com
Credits: darn13/depositphotos.com

Below mentioned are ten important duties that are required to be performed by deck cadets on almost every type of ship.

1. Tank Soundings
Almost all deck cadets are asked to check tank soundings on a regular basis. Generally taken after the 0400-0800 watch (before or right after breakfast), soundings are very crucial for ensuring the stability of the vessel. The fact that the ship’s stability is dependent on the total ballast being carried, makes a deck cadet realise the high level of responsibility given to him.

Taking soundings must be learnt to the highest degree of precision so that the job becomes easier and executed swiftly. Knowing the depth of all the tanks also saves a lot of time. At ports, soundings are extremely crucial to the loading and/or discharging of the cargo and should not be meddled with at all. Fabricating the readings can be detrimental to the safety of the ship and its crew.

2. Ship Maintenance
All cadets who have served onboard will know that an area within the ship is designated to the deck cadet for maintenance and upkeep. Generally, one deck (or a part of it) of the superstructure is assigned to the cadet. Maintenance of that includes overall cleanliness and reporting of any abnormalities within the area.

3. LSA/FFA Maintenance
Thorough maintenance of the life saving appliances (LSA) and fire fighting appliances (FFA) is extremely important. Generally a part of the 3rd Mate’s duties and responsibilities, this work is assigned to the cadets so that they learn the procedures of noting down expiry dates, carrying out repair work, checking for any defects, emailing the company for ordering new products etc. In the process, a cadet ends up learning a great deal about how each equipment functions and also a lot about the lifeboats, liferafts, pyrotechnics, SOLAS Regulations etc. All such information ends up being extremely useful when appearing for the 2nd Mates examination.

4. Deck Work
Assisting the ship’s bosun in everyday deck work is embedded into any cadet’s daily schedule. This is basically grounding work, seemingly unimportant at the start, but builds the framework for the coming years as an officer. Work on deck including chipping, painting, grinding etc. is carried out to maintain the structural integrity of the deck, along with some rope work (e.g., splicing) that gives cadets the right aspect towards good seamanship.

Also, as all cadets will tell you, the job of stenciling various parts on deck is the universal designated duty of a cadet!

5. Berthing/Unberthing Operations
When a vessel goes alongside (or casts away), it’s normally “all hands on deck”. The entire deck populace is present at their respective stations to get the vessel to berth/cast off close to perfection. A cadet starts out at the stations as a sort of a rating, doing mainly the physical work. As time goes by and experience is gained, his job switches to more of a supervisory nature, wherein the cadet is expected to relay the orders of the Master to the ratings, ensuring that the operation runs smoothly and in order.

6. Pilotage Operations
A cadet’s role during pilotage varies with the time he has spent onboard. Initially, a cadet assists the ratings in rigging the pilot ladder and lowering the gangway for the pilot to board, along with other related processes during pilotage. The process also involves learning, first hand, the precise construction of the pilot ladder as per Regulations (important when appearing for the 2nd Mates examination). Gradually, once the Master deems the Cadet to be relatively well versed with the vessel’s operations, he is called on the Bridge to assist the duty officer with the different pilotage paperwork, e.g. printing out and filling the pilot card, plotting the position, filling the radio log (under supervision), observing the steering etc.

7. Port work and Cargo Operations
Being a trainee officer slated to sail as a 3rd Mate upon completion of the training period, a cadet is expected to be vigilant while in port. Work in port includes assisting the 3rd Mate with paperwork (Bond store, crew declaration etc.), i.e. keeping them stamped, signed and ready with a fair number of photocopies.

Watches also have to be kept in port; this includes monitoring the cargo being loaded/unloaded (involves noting down precise timings of the start and end of loading/unloading, every time it happens). Normally, the cadet is made responsible to keep a tab on the tank soundings with continuous feedback to the duty officer on the portable VHF handheld/ walkie-talkie.

8. ISPS Watch
A very integral part of the port watch, an ISPS watch is pivotal to the security of the ship. With the norms pertaining to ship security getting stringent by the day, the ISPS watch has become one that has to be taken rather seriously.

A cadet is normally assigned to monitor the entry and exit points of the vessel. Usually stationed at the gangway, it is expected from a cadet to keep a log of all the persons entering and leaving the vessel; this includes all shore personnel as well as the ship’s crew (going on shore leave). IDs must be checked and logged in the ship’s ‘Visitor’s Log’. If such a system exists onboard (differs from company to company), a ship’s numbered ID must be provided to keep a track of the person even more precisely. Bags and suspicious objects must be checked thoroughly. A cadet, being an officer in the making, is also expected to usher in various officials (PSC Surveyors, Coast Guard, Medical/Health Inspectors etc.) to the ship’s office. Informing the duty officer of the particulars of the person being brought in is crucial and comes naturally after having spent enough time onboard.

9. Paperwork At Sea
All seafarers will agree that paperwork has increased many times over and so has the stress and irritation that comes with it! A cadet is expected to be a helping hand to the Chief Mate when it comes to the different checklists, familiarisation lists, key logs etc.

Updating of the Muster lists and the cabin key log are generally handed over to the cadet when there are new on signers. Making photocopies of various lists are almost always the sole job of a cadet! (And sometimes the number is extremely large). Not to forget the thing that has become ubiquitous on almost all vessels- The Watch & Rest Hours- to be distributed to all on time; another universally allotted job of the deck cadet.

Although not directly part of mainstream paperwork, the numerous discontinued charts that are used for stencilling are also to be cut out, close to perfection by the deck cadet!

10. Navigation
Perhaps the most important aspect of being a cadet, navigation is the very purpose that the ship is in business and officers/ratings are employed!

Not having a valid Certificate of Competency (COC), a cadet is naturally not allowed to keep a bridge watch independently. However, under the guidance and supervision of a certified officer (almost always it is the Chief Mate), a cadet is expected to learn the science and art of navigation, which would eventually help him in becoming a successful deck officer. Theoretical knowledge of the COLREGS, Celestial Navigation, Bridge Equipments, Seamanship, Chartwork etc. all culminate into this one grand attempt at safe navigation of the vessel.

Normally, the Chief Mate takes time out during the bridge watches (0400-0800 and 1600-2000) to teach a cadet about the ongoings in the bridge and also tests his knowledge he has received during his deck cadet course on myriad aspects of the merchant navy. Gradually, the Chief Mate and eventually the Master develops a trust factor (provided the cadet is worth the salt), which enables them to delegate work to the cadet.

As daunting as it may seem, cadetship actually is the most fun part of one’s shipping career. With no responsibility at hand and not being answerable under legal bindings, cadetship is the time to learn and imbibe. Everyone that has gone through will look back at their time fondly (except the extreme cases!) and with pride. Donning the uniform as a young 20 something is a matter of respect. Provided a cadet is diligent in his duties, he can be assured that he’ll be respected by all onboard and the time he spends as a cadet will be full of lifelong memories.

Want to learn duties of deck officers at each level? Checkout our ebook “A Guide to Become Successful Deck Officer”

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View Comments (47)
K Moses Kashing says: July 1, 2016 at 6:06 pm
I'm really glad and proud to see deck cadet officer and I am so much interested to join in merchant or navy.. please do
contact me in this No. 8414977418

A***n kumar says: July 3, 2016 at 9:46 pm
Hi

I m a***n kumar . i have done deck cadet course , now i m searching job plz help me to find job ........... my email id - a***[email protected] or contact at 9760589750

saif ajaz says: July 13, 2016 at 9:06 am
Sir i want join deck cadet what will i have to do for deck cadet

Anish says: July 13, 2016 at 10:26 am
: Check this article- https://www.marineinsight.com/careers-2/4-ways-to-become-a-deck-officer-in-merchant-navy/

tanmay rajendra mane says: August 14, 2016 at 10:03 pm
like job

jean daniels says: November 1, 2016 at 9:43 pm
hello i have a BSC in pharmacology and I'm currently on rating as a deckhand but haven't gone on board a ship before. please what steps do i need to take to further my career in any country?

Aman says: December 13, 2016 at 7:17 pm
What are the minimum eligibility to become a deck cadet ?
I pass the 10th exam with 86% and 12th with 80 % while I have take humanities in 12th is I eligible for this course.
Pls reply soon

Aman says: December 13, 2016 at 7:20 pm
What are the minimum eligibility for become a deck cadet ? I have pass the 10th with 86% and 12th with 80 % while I have taken humanities .Is I am eligible for this course.

PETRAS PIKSRYS says: April 9, 2017 at 4:30 pm
Usually every deck cadet have standard practical plan. Every Deck Cadet is unicum, but he is in future will be Navigational officer. For this it is very important to take practical things as navigational officer, check the marine skills and knowledges.

sagar singh says: June 19, 2017 at 3:56 pm
What are the duties of officers on watch onRo Ro passenger ferries related to safety

Promod sharma says: July 15, 2017 at 10:55 am
I love the post. ..M navy is very good job

Anish says: August 3, 2017 at 12:16 pm
Glad you liked it.

ashutosh says: July 28, 2017 at 9:53 am
Mai Bsc final kar chuka hu physic And math sa mera liya koi accha job marchant nevi me ha

rahul kumar says: August 31, 2017 at 4:45 pm
What should be top 10 qualities & responsibilities for deck cadet

ibrahim haule says: March 21, 2018 at 1:49 am
i want to work in crucial ship. how can i join??? but i do not have skills on working on ship

ibrahim haule says: March 21, 2018 at 1:51 am
good work but i want to join

cent amparado says: April 10, 2018 at 7:43 am
Where

© Marine Insight 2018 | All Rights Reserved

*10 reasons to work at sea*
*Considering a career at sea*
The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) has gathered a list of all the reasons why people want to work at sea. What do you think? Are they valid or is there something they have missed?

Good Wages: Wages earned by seafarers are normally above similar professions ashore. According to the ICS, in developing countries, ships’ officers working on internationally trading ships are amongst the very highest paid in their countries. Opportunities for accumulating savings, even when young, are considerable. The real value of wages may often be substantially greater because they are often tax free.
Early Responsibility: Ships’ officers enjoy considerable responsibility from the start of their careers. They ensure the safety of their ships and their cargoes, the lives of their shipmates and the protection of the marine environment. Within 10 years it is possible to qualify as a Captain or Chief Engineer with total responsibility for the operation of a ship and the management and safety of its crew.
Opportunities to Travel: Although modern ships spend less time in port the ICS still believes that a career in shipping gives the chance of incredible global travel. This gives seafarers the chance to experience interesting and unusual places, rather than just the typical business or holiday destinations visited by many people.
Good Long Term Prospects: There is a great need for more qualified ships’ officers to meet the skills required by international shipping companies. There is a massive shortage predicted, so the demand for good people will increase.
Doing Something Useful: Seafarers make a massive impact – on both their immediate vessel, but on world trade too. In most jobs it can be a struggle to see the value brought, being a seafarer makes it obvious.
Career Flexibility and Job Security: Shipping is an ideal occupation for young people seeking something exciting and different to just working in an office, which in the long run will also lead to an enjoyable and well paid executive career in a major international industry.
International Recognition: Ships’ officers hold internationally recognised qualifications meeting standards, so most officers are qualified to work for the thousands of international shipping companies located all around the world, on ships flying the flags of almost every country.
Long Holidays: In most jobs, it is only possible to take a maximum of two or three weeks holiday at one time, but seafarers commonly enjoy generous leave or holiday periods. So while seafarers may sometimes be away from home for extended periods, they also enjoy the benefits when they come home.
A Career that is Different: A ship is a unique working environment, and those working on board ship often develop lasting friendships with their colleagues and have a stimulating life which is different to the experience of many people working ashore.
Transferable Skills: Qualifications and experience gained at sea are also readily transferable to other industries outside merchant shipping. Career opportunities extend to thousands of shore-based management jobs, which require people with seagoing experience.
Seafarers’ Happiness Index results
Happiness Index banner
Are you happy with your career at sea?

Now of course the ICS has to butter the crumpet a little, after all they want people to go to sea. So does the idealised top ten reasons to become a seafarer actually stack up?

We know from the Seafarers’ Happiness Index that some of the issues raised are a tad more contentious than they are mentioned in the list. Issues such as shoreleave, fatigue, piracy and seafarer abandonment are obviously glossed over.

Despite these issues people do still flock to get a career at sea – and even more so if you look at Cruise and Superyacht jobs. There is a clamour to become a seafarer and get started on the career ladder.

Perhaps we shouldn’t fixate too much on what makes the job right, what makes someone a “good” seafarer? Are there definite character traits which mean someone will excel at sea?

What skills you need to have a successful career at sea
According to APL’s Head of Global Marine Operations, Captain Lee Chee Seong there is a set of characteristics which combine to make the perfect seafarer.

Hunger: Hunger is a key element in succeeding in the seafaring career. Hunger is what makes a candidate go ‘all out’ – to obtain and retain the job. A drive to keep on learning and growing shapes seafarers.
Boldness: Seafaring is not for the shy, intimidated and fearful. A seafarer needs to possess courage and boldness as the job requires stepping out of the comfort zone – rather often.
Adaptability: Seafarers work with varying cultures and must be willing and able to adapt to connect and work effectively.
Think on Your Feet: A seafarer needs to be independent and able to respond fast and well.
Good Command of English: A good seafarer ought to possess a good command of written and spoken English.
Leadership: Leadership is another valued trait as seafarers have to lead and solve problems. The ability to thrive under pressure, is key too.
Effective Team Player: Beyond leadership, a seafarer needs to be a good team player. A collaborative spirit is vital in order to work effectively on board a ship that consists of co-workers with various responsibilities and ranks.
Loyalty: Loyalty is another aspect which Captain Lee values – to the company, to crewmates, to the ship, and to yourself.
Do I have what it takes?
There is a lot to being a seafarer, the challenges are immense – it is tough, lonely, arduous and demanding. While we can debate the list of reasons to go too sea, what is certain is that there is pride in being a seafarer, and nothing should be able to take that away.



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Happiness index (