Emma Dukoski Tuition

Emma Dukoski Tuition Experienced, friendly and professional tutor providing support with Maths, Science and 11+ exams.

20/08/2026

Good luck to everyone getting their results today! Here’s to the next exciting step 💫

Hi, I am a SEND specialist tutor offering small group tuition sessions from November. KS3 and GCSE Maths and Science. No...
11/08/2026

Hi, I am a SEND specialist tutor offering small group tuition sessions from November. KS3 and GCSE Maths and Science. No pressure to turn camera and mics on, very relaxed, flexible around student need. Please get in touch if you’d like more info! Thanks ✅ 📚 🧬

Such lovely thoughtful gifts from a student who will be missed! (The turtle is so cute, don’t you think?) 💛
13/07/2026

Such lovely thoughtful gifts from a student who will be missed! (The turtle is so cute, don’t you think?) 💛

Functional skills! Something to consider if your child is struggling with GCSE.
15/04/2026

Functional skills! Something to consider if your child is struggling with GCSE.

13/04/2026

🌿 What are Lungs?

The lungs are a pair of spongy, air-filled organs in your chest that help you breathe and supply oxygen to your body.

📍 Location

Found in the chest (thoracic cavity)
Protected by the rib cage
One on each side of the heart
Right lung is slightly bigger than the left

🧩 Structure of Lungs

Each lung has important parts:

1. Bronchi
Two tubes that carry air from the windpipe (trachea) into the lungs
2. Bronchioles
Smaller branches inside the lungs
3. Alveoli
Tiny air sacs (millions of them!)
Where gas exchange happens
4. Diaphragm
A muscle below the lungs that helps in breathing

🔄 How Lungs Work (Breathing Process)

Inhalation (Breathing in)
Air enters through nose/mouth
Travels to lungs
Oxygen enters blood through alveoli
Exhalation (Breathing out)
Carbon dioxide leaves blood
Comes out through lungs

💨 Main Functions

Provide oxygen to the body
Remove carbon dioxide
Help maintain pH balance of blood
Assist in speech (voice production)

⚠️ Common Lung Diseases

Asthma
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Lung Cancer

🫀 Interesting Facts
You breathe about 20,000 times a day
Lungs contain about 300 million alveoli
Left lung has 2 lobes, right lung has 3 lobes

13/04/2026

🌱 Genetics

🧬 What is Genetics?

Genetics is the branch of biology that studies how traits are passed from parents to offspring.
It explains:
Why you look like your parents
Why some traits skip generations
How diseases can be inherited

🧬 Basic Terms You Must Know

1. Gene

A gene is a small unit of heredity made of DNA.
👉 It controls specific traits (like eye color, height, hair type).

2. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

The genetic material in all living organisms
Found in the nucleus of cells
Carries instructions for growth, development, and function
👉 Structure: Double helix (twisted ladder)

3. Chromosomes

Thread-like structures made of DNA
Humans have 46 chromosomes (23 pairs)

👉 They carry thousands of genes.

4. Alleles

Different forms of the same gene
Example:
Tall (T)
Short (t)

5. Genotype vs Phenotype

Genotype = genetic makeup (TT, Tt, tt)
Phenotype = physical appearance (tall or short)

🌼 Types of Traits

1. Dominant Trait

Expressed even if only one allele is present
Example: T (tall)

2. Recessive Trait

Expressed only when both alleles are recessive
Example: tt (short)
🧪 Mendel’s Laws of Genetics
Father of Genetics: Gregor Mendel

1. Law of Dominance
Dominant allele hides recessive allele.

2. Law of Segregation

Alleles separate during gamete formation.
👉 Each parent gives one allele.

3. Law of Independent Assortment

Traits are inherited independently (in most cases).
🌸 Punnett Square (Inheritance Prediction)
Example:
T = Tall
t = Short
Cross: Tt × Tt

T t

T TT Tt

t Tt tt

👉 Result:

75% Tall

25% Short

🧬 Types of Inheritance

1. Complete Dominance

One trait completely dominates another
2. Incomplete Dominance

Blend of traits
Example: Red + White = Pink flower 🌸

3. Codominance

Both traits show equally
Example: Blood group AB

4. Sex-linked Inheritance

Traits linked to X chromosome
Example:
Color blindness
Hemophilia

🧪 Genetic Disorders

Caused by mutation or abnormal genes:
Down Syndrome → extra chromosome
Hemophilia → blood doesn’t clot properly
Sickle Cell Anemia → abnormal RBC shape

🔬 Mutation

A mutation is a sudden change in DNA.
👉 Can be:
Harmful
Beneficial
Neutral

🌍 Importance of Genetics

Helps in medicine (genetic diseases treatment)
Used in agriculture (better crops 🌾)
Important in evolution & biodiversity
Helps in DNA testing & forensics

💫 Simple Summary (For Your Notes)

Genetics = study of heredity
Gene = unit of inheritance
DNA = genetic material
Mendel = father of genetics
Traits = dominant or recessive

Online groups starting in September! ⭐️ KS3 and GCSE groups⭐️ Up to 3 in a group⭐️ From £20/hourPlease drop me a message...
17/03/2026

Online groups starting in September!

⭐️ KS3 and GCSE groups
⭐️ Up to 3 in a group
⭐️ From £20/hour

Please drop me a message for more info 😊✅

A little introduction to me! I’m Emma - I have been tutoring now for over 2 years; - 11+- Maths (including Functional Sk...
26/02/2026

A little introduction to me! I’m Emma - I have been tutoring now for over 2 years;

- 11+
- Maths (including Functional Skills)
- Science (including iGCSE)

I tutor students of all ages, those who attend school and those who don’t, with a whole range of different personalities and requirements, including SEND.

I am mum to two young children and live at home with them and my husband. When I am not tutoring, my favourite thing to do is spend time with my family, especially abroad!

28/01/2026

Following some enquiries about availability for last minute GCSE tuition, I have opened some slots during the holidays - February half term, May half term and Easter. Please get in touch if you’d like to chat further. Thank you! 📝✅

09/01/2026

I am now fully booked until June. If you would like to discuss tuition from June onwards, please get in touch with me! Thank you ✅ 📆

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Redditch

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