English Easily

Hello everyone

When the Almighty exposes someone’s intention towards you, He has done it for a reason. Some will act like they care about you but behind your back, their intent is totally the opposite. They may even harbour ill thoughts towards you. But don’t worry. The truth will always out!

Therefore, hence, so, then, thus etc
JULY 26, 2011 -

We use a number of expressions to show that what is said follows logically from what was said before.

Keywords are:

Therefore, as a result, so, then, consequently

She was therefore unable to find a solution.
So she had to quit her job.
I think; therefore I am.
‘We have missed the train.’ ‘Then we are going to have to hire a taxi.’
They grew up in Japan; hence their interest in Zen Buddhism.
He sustained severe injuries and, consequently, spent the rest of his life in a wheel chair.
Therefore is common in mathematical proofs.

Hence and thus

Hence and thus have the same basic meaning and are often interchangeable. However, there is a slight difference. Hence usually refers to the future. Thus usually refers to the past. It is often used to indicate a conclusion.

Both sides played well, thus no winner was declared.
The situation is getting more and more complicated. Hence we will have to proceed with caution. (NOT Thus we will have to proceed with caution.)
So and then
There is a difference between then and so. Then is used when one speaker replies to another. So can be used in both ways.

‘The last bus has gone.’ ‘So/ then we will have to walk.’ (Two speakers)
‘The last bus has gone, so we will have to walk. (NOT ‘The last bus has gone, then we will have to walk’) (Same speaker)

noun modifiers
We often use two nouns together to show that one thing is a part of something else:

the village church; the car door; the kitchen window; the chair leg;
my coat pocket; London residents

Warning
We do not use a possessive form for these things. We do not talk about:

The car’s door ; the kitchen’s window ; the chair’s leg

We can use noun modifiers to show what something is made of:

a gold watch; a leather purse; a metal box

We often use noun modifiers with nouns ending in -er and -ing:

an office worker; a jewellery maker; a potato peeler; a shopping list; a swimming lesson; a walking holiday.

We use measurements, age or value as noun modifiers:

a thirty kilogram suitcase; a two minute rest; a five thousand euro platinum watch; a fifty kilometre journey;

We often put two nouns together and readers/listeners have work out what they mean. So:

an ice bucket = a bucket to keep ice in
an ice cube = a cube made of ice
an ice breaker = a ship which breaks ice
the ice age = the time when much of the Earth was covered in ice.
Sometimes we find more than two nouns together:

London office workers; grammar practice exercises

Position of noun modifiers

Noun modifiers come after adjectives:

The old newspaper seller
A tiring fifty kilometre journey

5 ways to invite someone over for a cup of coffee in English:

1. Hey, would you like to come with me for a cup of coffee?

2. I owe you a cup of coffee for this. How about today evening?

3. Are you free tomorrow? I know this new place, they serve amazing coffee there.

4. Let's have this meeting over a cup of coffee. What do you say?

5. We could go for some coffee after work. I have something important to discuss with you.