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Ask an academic what they want AI to do in their writing, then ask a novelist the same question. You may get completely different answers.

That contrast is at the center of a new study by Mohi Reza and colleagues at the University of Toronto.

The researchers paired a systematic review of 109 HCI papers with interviews of 15 writers to examine a deceptively simple question: what do writers want to keep control of when they write with AI?

The answer depends on what kind of writing is being done.

For content-focused writers, including academics, ownership figures close to planning, argument, and idea development. The ideas are the contribution. When AI takes over that part, it can feel as if the work itself has been handed away.

For form-focused writers, including novelists, ownership often is closer to language, rhythm, revision, and style. Their voice lives at the sentence level. One writer in the study said that AI mimicking their style would feel “a little violated.”

I found the authors’ chessboard metaphor especially useful. Writers do not reject AI across the board. They welcome it into the squares outside their core contribution and defend the squares where their identity and judgment are most present.

What counts as core is not fixed. It shifts with time, task importance, confidence, and trust. A rushed email may be handed over quickly. A piece that carries personal, professional, or intellectual weight stays much closer to the writer.

The design lesson is also important. Writers felt greater ownership when AI offered suggestions they could accept, reject, revise, or ignore. They lost that sense of ownership when AI wrote directly into their text or made changes without enough control.

Link in the first comment!



References

Reza, M., Thomas-Mitchell, J., Dushniku, P., Laundry, N., Williams, J. J., & Kuzminykh, A. (2025). Co-writing with AI, on human terms: Aligning research with user demands across the writing process. arXiv

When you stop reading books, you start losing intelligence, ambition, and imagination.