29/07/2026
Two hundred years ago, the first diplomatic conference in the Western Hemisphere concluded with a treaty of “perpetual union,” pledging mutual defense and an “unalterable peace” among its Spanish American signatories. Then, the newly independent countries of the Americas feared an invasion backed by the Holy Alliance.
Despite its failings, the 1826 Congress of Panama emerged as a symbol of Latin American cooperation. Yet, the bicentenary of the event falls at a low moment for Latin American cooperation, which has largely failed to unite in response to the unilateralism of the second Trump administration.
What can this history tell us today, when Latin America once against faces unilateralism and intervention?
In a new essay in Foreign Policy, PAIS's Tom Long and co-author Carsten-Andreas Schulz assess the legacies and lessons of this overlooked anniversary.
Read it here:
The 1826 Congress of Panama sought to resist the predations of great powers. It was as relevant then as it is now.