01/12/2024
A research team led by Drs. Laura Pritschet and Emily Jacobs at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and Elizabeth Chrastil at the University of California, Irvine, revealed for the first time how the maternal brain physically changes during pregnancy.
Results of the study appeared in Nature Neuroscience on September 16 2024.
The study shows that pregnancy can bring significant changes to the brain as well as the body.
Over the course of pregnancy, the body experiences major increases in hormone production. This triggers profound changes throughout the body, including in the brain.
Scans of the brain before and after pregnancy have shown a reduction in gray matter volume. Gray matter contains the bodies of neurons, synapses, and glial cells, and is found mainly in the brain’s surface layer, called the cortex. However, changes in the brain have not been observed during pregnancy.
To better understand these changes, researchers collected 26 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in a first-time mother throughout her pregnancy and beyond. The scans covered the period from three weeks before conception through two years after giving birth.
These results show that the volunteer’s brain underwent changes on an almost weekly basis during pregnancy. This supports the idea that pregnancy is a period of high neuroplasticity—the capacity of networks of neurons to adapt and reorganize.
The findings are a key step in building a comprehensive map of the human brain during pregnancy. Such a map could be a resource for neuroscientists to further explore the maternal brain. The team next plans to record the brain changes during pregnancy in more women. This will reveal whether the changes observed in this study are typical of the broader population. It may also reveal whether variations in these brain changes are associated with health outcomes, such as postpartum depression.
“The more we learn about the maternal brain, the better chance we’ll have to provide relief.”
—by Brian Doctrow, Phd