Biology Tutor

The links between neurons are called synapses. What exactly is a synapse, and what happens there? It’s basically a connection: one cell talking to another. A brain cell, or a neuron, has a large main body, with small strands sticking out.If you enjoyed this post, please give it a ❤️ and check out @sciencefunn for more science and daily facts. Video credit: unknown (please DM me if you know/are the creator) #science #biology #facts

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Elsie MacGill went to college in the early 1920s, a time in which women didn't work as engineers. But she had her dream and mindset that “our direction in life is determined by something within us.”

She began her studies at the University of Toronto in 1923 in electric engineering. Four years later she graduated, the first woman in Canada to earn a degree in electric engineering.

She then moved to the U.S. for work and to study for a master’s degree in aeronautical engineering at the University of Michigan.

Towards the end of the master’s program she developed polio. Paralyzed from the waist down with doctors believing she’d never walk again, Elsie finished her degree. She wrote her final exams while in the hospital. Then with focus and exercise, over time, she began walking with the assistance of two canes.

Elsie went on to become an accomplished engineer, becoming the Chief Aeronautical Engineer at Canadian Car and Foundry. Amongst a number of responsibilities, during WWII she focused on making production line operation more efficient as demand for development increased, and to design solutions to ensure the Hawker Hurricane fighter aircraft, which the company was now in charge of building for the Royal Air Force, could operate during the winter.

As her career progressed, she took an increasing role in advocating for women’s rights. In her words, "I have received many engineering awards, but I hope I will also be remembered as an advocate for the rights of women and children.”

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Sources: Montagnes, James. "Canada's Only Girl Chief Aero Engineer: Pretty Elsie MacGill, Once of M. I. T., is Whiz at Her Job, but Likes to Knit, Cook, Play Bridge, Too." Daily Boston Globe (1928-1960), Apr 28 1940, p. 1. / Sissons, Crystal. "Elsie Gregory MacGill: Engineering the Future and Building Bridges for Canadian Women, 1918–1980." Order No. NR50755 University of Ottawa (Canada), 2008. / https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_MacGill / National Archives of Canada

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In the late 1870s, Williamina Fleming was in her early 20s and a recent U.S. immigrant from Scotland. She had come married with a child, but her husband abandoned the family shortly after arriving. Responsible for raising their son, she took a job as a housekeeper in the home of Edward Pickering, the Director of Harvard College Observatory.

As the story goes, one day, when frustrated with the men he employed, Edward yelled out, “My Scottish maid could do better!” While said in jest, there was much truth to his comment. Williamina was an advanced student while in Scotland. She was a pupil-teacher by 14 years old and continued teaching for five years until she married.

In 1881, Edward hired Williamina as the first of what would become a famous group of Harvard Computers. All women, they studied the stars through glass plate photographs. Then only a few years later, while still not even 30 years old, Williamina became curator of astronomical photographs. This role came with the responsibility of managing a dozen women computers. Within a few years, the team classified over ten thousand stars.

Williamina became a prominent astronomer of her time, receiving many awards and numerous honors. She became the first American woman elected an honorary member of the British Royal Astronomical Society. And she would discover ten novae, 59 nebulae, and 310 new variable stars. As she achieved much success and helped her team thrive, she also stood up for women in science, advocating for the hiring of women.

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Sources: “Fleming, Williamina Paton Stevens” by Kéri Katalin. Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer Science – Business Media, LLC. 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA, 2007, p. 375 ( https://bit.ly/2Nx8Sdd) / Project Continua / The Women Who Mapped the Universe And Still Couldn’t Get Any Respect by Natasha Geiling, Smithsonian Magazine (https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-women-who-mapped-the-universe-and-still-couldnt-get-any-respect-9287444/) / Williamina Fleming – Wikipedia

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“People always said that I didn't give up my seat because I was tired, but that isn't true. I was not tired physically, or no more tired than I usually was at the end of a working day. I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was forty-two. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in.”

- Rosa Parks

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Sources: Photograph of Rosa Parks taken in 1955 / National Archives and Records Administration Records of the U.S. Information Agency Record Group 306, record ID: 306-PSD-65-1882 (Box 93) / Wikimedia Commons / Rosa Parks: My Story, p. 116, Rosa Parks and James Haskins (1992) / Wikiquote

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Alice Augusta Ball was a chemist who developed a treatment for leprosy after becoming the first woman and African-American to graduate with a master's degree from the University of Hawaii. Her solution would last as the most effective treatment for more than a quarter-century.

Alice died young, at only 24, in 1916. But she left a lasting legacy.

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Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Ball / Wikimedia Commons (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alice_Augusta_Ball.jpg)

~ Moonlite