Geology today

እንኳን ደስ አላችሁ አለን❤❤❤!!! ሴረኞችና ግፈኞች ከእውነት የፀዱ፣ በልተው የማይጠግቡ፣ የሀሰት ካዝና የሆኑ፣ ከቁምነገር የፀዱ፣ ጎሰኛ፣ ዘረኛ፤ ጎጠኛ፣ ሴሰኞች እና በጣም ብዙ አስነዋሪ ባህሪያት ያላቸው ናቸው፤ እውነት እና ህዝብ ሁሌም ቢሆን መጨረሻው ያማረና አሸነፊ ነው!!!
እንደ መታደል ሆኖ የመስቃን ወረዳ እና የቡታጅራ ከተማ ህዝብ እጅግ ሲበዛ አስተዋይና ታታሪ፣ ቻይና ሩህሩህ፤ እንግዳ ተቀባይና አክባሪ እና ደግ የሆነ ማህበረሰብ ነው❤! ታድያ ለዚህ ደግ ህዝብ በምን መልኩ ነው ውለታውን የምመልሰው ብለው ከማሰብ ይልቅ በተደራጀ መልኩ በተቃራኒ መንገድ የመኖር ህልውናውን አደጋ ላይ ለመጣል በንጉሴ አስረስ እና በመሰለ ጫካ የተመራ ቡድን ስልጣኑን እና ገንዘቡን መካታ አድርጎ እየተንቀሳቀሰ ያለው፤ ውድ የቡታጅራ እና የመስቃን ወጣት፣ ነጋዴ፣ ምሁራን፣ ሽማግሌ እና የማህበረሰብ አንቂዎች፤ ውድ የማዕከላዊ ኢትዮጵያ ክልል ብልጽግና ቅ/ጽ/ቤት ዋና ሀላፊ ዶከተር ዲላሞ ኦቶሬ፤ ውድ የብልግና ፓርቲ ምክትል ሊቀመንበር ክቡር አቶ አደም ፋራህ፤ ክቡር የኢትዮጵያ ምርጫ ቦርድ አመራሮችና ባለሙያዎች፤ ውድ የነጻነትና እኩልነት አመራሮች እና ደጋፊዎች እንዲሁም የተወደዳችሁ የፍትህ ታጋዮች በምስራቅ ጉራጌ ዞን ብልፅግና ቅ/ጽ/ቤት ሀላፊ በአቶ መሰለ ጫካ የተመራውን ቡድን የሀሰት ክስ ተግባርን ህግን ተክትላችሁ መና ወይም ውድቅ እንዲሆን ስላረጋችሁ በአላህ ስም ልባዊ ምስጋናዬን ስችራችሁ በታላቅ ደስታ ውስጥ ሆኜ ነው❤❤❤!!!

What is the name of this rock and what minerals existing with in it!?

ከሁሉም ነገር በፊት የሰው ልጅ መታጠቅ ያለበትን ጠንካራ የስነ-ልቦታ ትጥቅ መሆኑን ምሁራኖች በምርምር የደረሱበት ጉዳይ ነው፤ ስለሆነም ጠንካራው የስነ-ልቦና ትጥቅ ለመታጠቅ ቀድሞ ነፃነትንና እኩልነትን የሚያምን አእምሮን እንታጠቅ (አእምሮአችን በነፃነትና በእኩልነት እንዲያምን እናድርግ)!!! ኢትዮጵያውያን ደስተኞች ሆነን መኖር የምንጀምረው በሁሉም ረገድ በነፃነትና በእኩልነት የሚያስተዳድረን ፓርቲ መርጥ ፓርቲውም መንግስተ-ስልጣን ተረክቦ ማስተዳደር ሲጀምር ነው። ኢትዮያውያን በ7ኛው ሀገር አቀፍ ምርጫ የነፃነትና እኩልነት ፓርቲን በመምረጥ ከአለም ህዝቦቿ ደስተኛ ናቸው ከሚባሉ ሀገራት ተርታ ኢትዮጵያን እናሰልፋት!!!

The hydraulic characteristics (K, T and S) of Carbonate rocks depend on lithology, intensity of fracturing and solution activity. The lithology controls the mechanical and dissolution properties of rocks and hence the development of fractures and solution cavities. Limestone and dolomite usually have well-developed fractures as compared with clayey marl and chalk formations. The four methods that have been used for assessing groundwater recharge in karst regions are 1, Conventional water balance method 2, Chloride method 3, Isotope techniques using tritium (3H) and stable isotopes (2H and 18O) and 4, Spring hydrograph analysis.

Landform is an end product of natural weathering. It depends on three main factors: a/ present and past climatic conditions, b/ rock types and their structural features, c/ the time span involved in weathering. Genetically, the landforms are divided into two groups: 1/ Erosional landforms and 2/ Depositional landforms 1, Erosional landforms are typically associated with the resistant hard rock terrains. 2/ Depositional landforms are developed by depositional processes of various natural agencies, e.g. river, glacier , wind, etc. The depositional landforms are typically made-up of un consolidated sediments and may occur inthe regional setting of hard rock terrains. Therefore, they may play an important role in the groundwater development for local needs.

From Hydrogeological points of view Fractures and Discontinuities are amongst most important geological structures. Most rocks possess fractures and discontinuities which facilitate the storage and movement of fluids. On the other hand, some discontinuities eg. D***s and Faults act as a barrier to the flow of fluids. Factors that control the flow of groundwater through fracture are፦ Stress, Temprature, Roughness, Fracture geometry and intersection, etc.
1, Hydraulic conductivity through fracture is inversely related to Normal stress and depth, as normal stress tend to close the fracture and reduce hydraulic conductivity.
2, Fracture permeability reduce with increasing Temprature. As the temprature increase with depth, thermal expansion in rocks takes place which leads to the reduction of fracture aperture and decrease in permeability. Permeability also affected by cementation, filling, age and weathering.
3, Parallel fractures impart a strong anisotropy to the rock mass. On the other hand greater number of more interconnected fractures tend to reduce anisotropy. Further larger fracture length, greater fracture density and larger aperture increase hydraulic conductivity.

Hydraulic Conductivity(K)፦ is a measure of the ability of a foramation to transmit water.

1. Porosity
Porosity is the measurement of voids present in rock formation. It is defined as the ratio of the volume of voids, Vv to the total volume, V of the rock mass.
Two type of porosity፦
1, Primary porosity: is the inherent character of the rock which developed during its formation.
2, Secondary porosity፡ is developed subsequently due to various geological processes, Viz. fracturing, weathering and solution activities.
Porosity controlled by a, Shape and arrangement of constituent grains, b, Degree of Sorting, c, Compaction and Cementation, d, Fracturing and e, Solution.
Well sorted clastic material have high porosity irrespective of grain size. And in poorly sorted material, porosity is less as small size grain occupy pore space between bigger grains.