Ermias beyene

1. Which body takes the mandate of drafting the constitution in democratic system?
A. leaders of political parties.
B. Religious groups.
C. Constituent assembly
D. The parliament
2. In the process of amending the constitution which of the following method or constitution is accessible to good end?
A. Too rigid constitution
B. Written constitution
C. Flexible method
D. Constitution of unitary structure.
3. What is the quality of flexible constitution?
A. It demands serious procedures to be amended.
B. It is elastic and dynamic
C. It is dormant to treat public issues.
D. It reflects the weak image of unwritten constitution.
4. Which of the following body has the power of judicial interpretation in FDRE?
A. Judges in the court C. The people
B. The police force D. The legislative body
5. What makes the 1995 constitution particular when it is compared with constitution of the past?
A. Powers of government are derived from the electoral national shengo.
B. Parliamentary immunities from arrest were guaranteed
C. Parliamentary decisions must be approved by the prime minister.
D. The constitution was formulated by popular democratic participation.

6. What are the unique features of the 1995 constitution
A. Its recognition to the diverse identities of the people.
B. Its state structure of regional autonomy.
C. Its institutional framework of the ministerial system
D. The two chambered parliament.
7. Which of the following principles has no impact to the success of democracy?
A. Due process of law.
B. Popular participation
C. Partial and partisan judiciary
D. Good governance
8. One of the following right of the arrested person is usually by passed (over looked) by the police in FDRE.
A. The right against self incrimination
B. The right to face public trial
C. The right to appeal
D. The right to impartial tribunal
9. What causes absence of the rule of law?
A. Unlimited government C. constitutional rule
B. Popular power D. independent judiciary
10. All are sources of flickered conflicts except?
A. Limited physical resource.
B. Deviations from rationality
C. Peaceful co-existence
D. Aggressive foreign policy
11. Which of the following condition is appropriate to justify a just war? It is when:-
A. A country defends its national sovereignty
B. The declared war has no popular sentiment (mission)
C. The ware is non discriminatory
D. The war is not governed by the principle of balance of power

12. What are the adverse consequence of corruption?
A. It is an initiative to hard working.
B. It encourages in efficiency and waste
C. It is cause for sustainable development
D. It creates a wide access to employment
13. Which of the following organization are not effective to address public issues?
A. Pressure groups
B. Civic societies
C. Human right commission
D. Armed groups without a clear cut objectives.
14. Ethiopian women lawyers association is an example of
A. Government organization
B. Community organizations
C. Advocacy of the judiciary
D. A segment of the judiciary
15. The institutional frame work of the government of the Emperor.
A. It is symbolic to democratic institutions
B. The Emperor is the fulcrum of power
C. It certified the advanced political system of the episode
D. It is a legacy to the birth of democracy
16. What is the purpose of the constituent assembly? It is
A. The basic framework is sought to be made sensibly elastic and dynamic
B. Constitution provide mechanisms of consulting people or the electorate.
C. The frame work can be altered or modified peacefully
D. All of the above
17. The principle of rule of law in the traditional Ethiopian context can not be realized because:
A. The law is above all
B. The emperor has delegated his power to his regional chiefs
C. The Emperor has an uncontested and boundless power
D. Land is owned by the great majority of the peasant.

18. The national emblem on the Ethiopian flag reflects the hope of the peoples of the country to
(A) Build a wealthy country.
(B) Advance in science and technology.
(C) Live together in equality and unity.
(D) Live in peace and friendship with their neighbors.
19. To serve the public fairly and equally government official should necessarily be
(A) Non-partisan.
(B) Respectable.
(C) Party members.
(D) Elderly people.
20. As it happens in politics or law, litigation refers to the
(A) Method of dispute settlement by the parties with the guidance and facilitation of a third party.
(B) Discussion between people who are trying to teach an agreement.
(C) Process of trying to succeed in ending a dispute between people or groups.
(D) Process of making or defending a claim in a court of law.
21. Among the following, which one is a minimum standard to make a trial fair? The accused:
(A) has no right of appearing in the court room.
(B) Is encourage to admit that he/ she is guilty before proved.
(C) Has no right to be presumed innocent before proven guilty.
(D) Has the right to use his/her language and even to examine witness against hem/her.
22. Which specialized organ of the government is concerned with interpreting the laws of the state?
(A) The legislative organ. (C) The executive organ.
(B) The judiciary. (D) The parliament.

23. Identify the correct assumption regarding the ability of HIV Positive persons to engage in production activates
(A) HIV positive persons are lazy to work.
(B) HIV positive persons are physically weak and powerless; thus unproductive.
(C) HIV positive persons should not be allowed to go to the work place as they will add nothing to productivity.
(D) HIV positive persons can still innovate despite their health problems.
24. The habit of spending more money than one can afford is referred to as____________
(A) Generosity (C) Charity
(B) Extravagance (D)Planning
25. One of the following is among the widely known extravagant practices in Ethiopia’
(A) Costly marriage ceremonies.
(B) Extending alms to beggars.
(C) Travelling to visit places.
(D) Partying.
26. Which of the following is NOT a traditional method of saving in Ethiopia?
(A) Iqub. (C) Savings in tangible assets.
(B) Idir. (D) Banking.
27. An idea is labeled as ‘scientific’ when it is:
(A) Divinely. (C) experimented
(B) Legendary. (D) imaginary.
28. In a democratic system protection for the rights of minorities are guaranteed by
(A) The good will of the majority group.
(B) The laws and intuitions of the country.
(C) The it own active political participation.
(D) The party that forms the government.

29. Which of the following powers is one that is expressly given to the regional states by article 52 of the F.D.R.E Constitution? power to :
A. Enact laws regulating the possession and bearing of arms/armaments
B. Patent inventions and protect copy rights.
C. Enact and execute state constitution.
D. Determine matters relating to nationality.
30. One mark of the 1955revised constriction of Ethiopia is that it
A. Established a bicameral parliament for the first time.
B. Was drafted, debated and approved by representatives of the nobility.
C. Was presented as grant given by the emperor to “his subjects”
D. Reflected the true desire of people of the country.
31. The positive measure that governments take to guarantee equal chance of opportunities for citizens that have been deprived of opportunities is called
A. Law of equality. (C) Democratic action.
B. Affirmative action. (D) Social equality.
32. Many parents of disabled children used to hide their children rather than sending them to school primarily because they
A. Fear that the children would be exposed to various road accidents.
B. Fear the societal stigma caused by ignorance about disability.
C. Believe that the children would be gainfully employed at home
D. Think that their children could not do as well as able bodied children.
33. Article 89/2 provides that “Government has the duty to ensure that all Ethiopians get equal opportunity to improve their economic conditions and to promote equitable distribution of wealth among them”. This provision obliges the government to
A. Make all citizens have equal means to participate in development.
B. Enable all citizens have equal right to make use of their resources.
C. Fully control the economy so that citizens benefit from it equally.
D. Distribute the wealth of the nation among citizens on equal basis.

34. When the House of peoples’ Representatives of the F.D.R.E ratifies an international agreement signed by the executive, that agreement becomes
(A) Organized and written into the constitution.
(B) Available for all to read and comment.
(C) An integral part of the law of the land.
(D) Ready for domestication and use in the land.
35. At present countries of the world collaborate to fight terrorism because they consider it as an act that is
(A) Directed against oppressive governments.
(B) A threat to global peace and security.
(C) Carried out by some religious fundamentalists
(D) A source of social unrest in the Middle East.
36. According to article 20/1 of F.D.R.E. Constitution, a court may hear a case in closed session. Which of the following is NOT sufficient ground for hearing a case in closed session?
A. Protecting the privacy of the parties concerned.
B. When the case is considered to be harmful to public moral
C. When the case is believed to jeopardize national security
D. If and when the presiding judge is afraid of public scrutiny.
37. Which one of the following factors was considered for demarcating the boundary of the regional states of FDRE?
A. Religious similarity.
B. Similarity of their economic activities.
C. Cultural similarity
D. Agro-ecology similarity
38. In free-market economy the market is governed, theoretically, by the
(A) Amicable relationship between sellers and buyers.
(B) Relationship between demand and supply.
(C) Honesty or dishonesty of merchants in fixing prices.
(D) Abundance of goods and services in the market.

39. The notion of sovereignty essentially refers to one of the following:
A. The state of being a country with freedom to govern itself.
B. The complete power of a country to interfere in the affairs of a neigh boring country.
C. The right of elite persons to assume government offices.
D. The political status of citizens to participate in national elections.
40. One of the following is NOT just enough to qualify a state as a really constitutional one, which?
A. Its having a written constitution.
B. The people enjoying full rights and freedom as given
C. The people feeling as citizens rather than subjects.
D. The people having confidence in the law of the state and keeping trust in their leaders.
41. Which one of the following is NOT a concurrent function responsibility between the two levels of states in Ethiopia?
A. Levying taxes and collecting revenues.
B. Land and natural resource management.
C. Protecting the federal constitution
D. Foreign policy ex*****on
42. How is transparency important for building a democratic system? It
A. Promotes privacy.
B. Brings open and accountable bureaucracy.
C. Eliminates the spirit and determination to ensure justice and respect of human rights.
D. Blocks responsibility.
43. Separation of power among the agents of the government implies that:
A. The agents do not cooperate each other.
B. Each agent has specialized responsibilities to work with a degree of autonomy.
C. Each agent is absolutely independent and there is no area where they may work together.
D. Specializing on the making of laws, the legislative agent can change the laws without consulting the other agents of the government.
44. Contempt to the rule of law by leaders of a state would entail:
A. Lawlessness.
B. Political advancement.
C. Devotion and commitment on the part of the citizens.
D. The culture of tolerance.
45. Which one of the following best expresses the equality between and among peoples of Ethiopia?
A. Having approximately equality between and among peoples of Ethiopia?
B. Having approximately equal size of population.
C. The right to have been allocated equal budget.
D. The equal right of states to full measure of self governance.
46. Identify the correct statement about the HIV pandemic
A. HIV transmits with physical contact.
B. HIV discriminates between people.
C. HIV knows no racial, linguistic, or religious bounds.
D. HIV transmits with breath.
47. Among the following regions of Ethiopia, which one is benefiting from package of affirmative action’s?
A. The state of Amhara.
B. The state of Tigray.
C. The state of the peoples of Gambella.
D. The State of Oromia.
48. Which one of the following is taken into account by the federal government for provision of social services?
A. Geographical proximity to the center.
B. Racial composition.
C. Low level of development.
D. Territorial extent.
49. Which one of the following is true about terrorism? It:
A. Is justifiable unless it targets civilians.
B. Enhances the effort to build a democratic society.
C. Foster’s religious bond and brotherhood.
D. Shatters peace and stability.
50. Which of the following is a bad practice contributing to environmental degradation?
A. Reforestation.
B. Joining environmental campaigns.
C. Dumping residuals in public areas.
D. Keeping the streets tidy.
51. One of the following is NOT among the national responsibilities of a democratic government
A. Adopting a parliamentary system.
B. Protecting citizens’ wellbeing and property.
C. Provisions of services to citizens.
D. Maintenance of Law and order.
52. Treating citizens fairly in the distribution of benefits and burdens implies:

A. Constitutionalism. C. good Governance
B. Justice D. the rule of law.

53. A mechanism by which people spend their money to get profit, expand their business and contribute to the development of national economy is:
A. Planning C. Investment
B. Saving D. cost effectiveness
54. Which of the following is one of the basic principles on which the Ethiopian Constitution is founded?
A. Sovereignty of government.
B. Accountability of government.
C. Supremacy of the Judiciary.
D. Economic equality.
55. One important prerequisite for political, social and economic development of a country is:
A. Good governance. C. natural resource.
B. Periodic election. D. national assembly.

56. Which federal body has the power to deal with issues that regard interpretation of the federal constitution of Ethiopia?
A. The House of Federation.
B. The House of People’s Representatives
C. The federal judiciary
D. The prime Minister of the Federation.
57. When was the first written constitution of Ethiopia revised?
A. 1931 C. 1955
B. 1995 D. 1965
58. A Vote taken on an important issue by all the peoples of a country is referred to as:
A. Referendum C. plebiscites.
B. Popular participation. D. direct democracy.
59. Saving should be understood as
A. Hording money for the sake of having it.
B. Planned and wise use of money.
C. Forfeiting necessities to keep money.
D. Refraining from spending money.
60. At present, goods from other countries could be found at a cheaper price than those goods produced in the country. What could be the final result of such practice?
A. Enabling the country to focus on other areas of production and wise use of available resources.
B. In creased dependency on foreign countries and disintegration of the national economy.
C. Prosperity to the country as it could import cheaply and use the remaining money investment.
D. Popular support to the policy that enable the people to get needed goods at a cheap price.

61. One of the shortcomings of the traditional institution I dir for which it is criticized by some people is that it
A. Gives services only to its members, not to non –members.
B. Does not give interest on the money saved by the member
C. Is organized by people who have relatively equal position.
D. Does not support very needy members while they are alive
62. Active community participation implies involvement in:
A. The overall socio- economic affairs of a society.
B. Religious matters.
C. Private business activities.
D. Political party activities.
63. In order to be more productive worker, one should have the following qualities, EXCEPT:
A. Punctuality at work place.
B. Good relationship with fellow workers.
C. Improper utilization of resources.
D. Effective application skills.
64. High school students are advised to participate in all of the following extra-curricular activities, EXVEPT:
A. Scouts club C. Drama and arts club
B. Anti- HIV Club D. Chat chewing group
65. What is the difference between civil actions and political participation?
A. Civil actions are meant for political agenda.
B. Civil actions are activities related to the public or citizens outside politics.
C. Civil actions must be linked to political party activities.
D. Civil actions are non- voluntary, profit seeking activities.
66. Which of the following is NOT a factor for job satisfaction and effectiveness?
A. High Interest in the job.
B. Better payment.
C. Disagreement with the boss.
D. Positive interpersonal interaction

67. During the Second World War Adolph Hitler’s N**i soldiers atrociously killed millions of the Jewish people. Which of the following can explain this action?
A. Homicide C. Genocide
B. Massacre D. Su***de
68. What is the link between international economic realities and national economy in the context of Ethiopia?
A. National economy is not affected by international economic realities.
B. National economy cannot operate independently and is influenced by international economic realities.
C. There is no direct link between international and national economic situations.
D. Foreign investment does not support national economy.
69. Identify the correct statement from the given alternatives about poverty eradication in Ethiopia?
A. Government institutions alone can succeed in eradicating poverty.
B. Humanitarian activity is not associated with poverty eradication at all.
C. Government institutions must be supported by civil societies and humanitarian organizations in the effort to eradicate poverty.
D. Poverty eradication is not the major agenda of Ethiopian government and peoples.
70. To achieve the planned goal of Change and Transformation, Ethiopia needs to:
A. Apply the basic principles of Neo-Liberalism.
B. Abolish all indigenous institutions like edir.
C. Apply scientific and technological knowledge and promote socio-cultural values simultaneously.
D. Endorse closed-door policy to avoid the negative influence of globalization.
71. In what way do democratic rights naturally given.
A. Democratic rights are naturally given.
B. Democratic rights are granted by democratic constitutions.
C. Democratic rights are irreversible at any political circumstances.
D. Democratic rights, unlike human rights, can sometimes exist even in the absence of the rule of law.
72. What were the similar characteristics of the governments of N**i Germany and Fascist Italy?
A. Both played a big part for the development of the rule of law.
B. Both rejected communism.
C. Both were good examples of limited government.
D. Both possessed and exercised absolute, unlimited power over their respective nations.
73. In the present Ethiopian context, the federal system of government is mainly designed to
A. Strengthen the power of the federation at the expense of the regions.
B. Do away with the grievances of some minority groups.
C. Unite the peoples of the country by respecting their diversity.
D. Enumerate the right and obligations of the Regional states.
74. The FDRE Constitution safeguards equality of opportunity between citizens of the country. What does this mean?
A. Citizens should be made socially, economically and politically equal.
B. Citizens should be provided with equal chance in all aspects of life.
C. All types of inequalities between citizens should be abolished.
D. There should be gender equality in all political and social activities.
75. Which of the following is true regarding Globalization?
A. it has increased the interdependence among nations of the world.
B. It has brought about greater prosperity to all countries of the world.
C. It has enabled poor nations to get much greater support from the rich nations.
D. It has effectively stopped civil disturbances from spreading in the world.
76. The Universal Declaration of Human Right was adopted by the United Nations in 1948 with the main aim of codifying human rights in international law so as to
A. Prevent atrocities such as the holocaust from happening again.
B. Stop political parties that violate human rights from coming to power.
C. Pave the way for parties that respect human rights from coming to power.
D. Eradicate evil persons who intend to violate human rights of others.

77. People would support and respect their government if they believe above everything else that it
A. Manages to bring economic growth irrespective of who is benefited.
B. Enables citizens to benefit from national wealth on equitable basis.
C. Declares that it resolutely fights all manifestations of corruption.
D. Ratifies all important international conventions on human right.
78. Most of the people who stand and fight for the common good of their society usually do so out of
A. Conviction that societal interest is more important than individual wellbeing.
B. Belief that society would disintegrate if they do not take leadership role.
C. Certainty that they are more educated and enlightened than the rest of the people.
D. Desire to get fame and popularity in their community for being at the forefront.
79. Women were unable to contribute for the socio-economic development of our country mainly because they.
A. Were deprived of the opportunity to develop themselves and utilize their potentials.
B. Are weak to engage in development works compared to their male counterparts.
C. Fear to take part in activities that ate physically and mentally demanding.
D. Prefer to do household work to involvement in development activities.
80. Which one of the following is a backward attitude that has hindered Ethiopian women from participating in many income generating jobs so far?
A. Belief that women must be shy, disciplined, and meek.
B. Classification of jobs as ‘’ male oriented” versus “female oriented” ones.
C. The belief that women must be given care and protection.
D. The refusal of women themselves to participate in income generating activities.

81. Identify the correct statement regarding Ethiopia’s relations with international organizations from the given alternatives.
A. Ethiopia was a founding member of the league of Nations.
B. Ethiopian hosts the Economic Commission for Africa along with AU several UN regional bodies.
C. Ethiopia signed the UN charter in 1950.
D. Ethiopia joins OAU two years after its formation.
82. Which of the following is true about the victims of HIV/AIDS?
A. HIV/ AIDS victims do not like social life.
B. The number of the HIV/AIDS victims is very small in Ethiopia.
C. HIV/AIDS is a threat against only the youth.
D. HIV/AIDS victims have been discriminated due to the poor level of awareness among the society.
83. Which of the following is true regarding Ethiopian’s economic development?
A. There were no clearly noticed symptoms of the disease.
B. Unsafe s*x was not practiced before the 1970s.
C. People were afraid of talking about the disease.
D. It was a period of steady expansion of the pandemic.
84. What is the link between democracy and responsibility?
A. Fulfilling our responsibilities has nothing to do with democracy
B. Fulfilling our responsibilities is one major element in an attempt to promote democratic culture.
C. Fulfilling our responsibility is important only at the family level.
D. Responsible citizens can contribute little for the development of democratic culture.
85. One of the following is not the correct procedure to enforce the right to self-determination
A. Organizing a referendum
B. Support of simple majority vote in the referendum
C. Approval of two-third majority of the legislature
D. Self-determination by the absolute decision of the HPR

86. The immediate outcome of the struggle for equality was
A. The establishment of oppressive and murderous leadership
B. The creation of different political parties
C. The dominance of autocratic and absolute rules
D. The creation of a free democratic society
E. A and C
87. Working for the common good implies
A. superiority of the state over the needs of the people
B. The allegiance to democratic principles
C. Intolerance and extreme superiority over the other
D. Unhealthy selfishness
88. What is the present chronic problem of African states
A. problems of political integration
B. absolute mass poverty
C. Lack of traditional leadership
D. Cultural diversity
89. What was the negative attributes of Ethiopian patriots
A. The patriotic feelings to sacrifice oneself for the sake of the people
B. One’s commitment to authoritarian leadership
C. One’s attitude towards independent view
D. The recognition to the supremacy of the constitution

90. In Ethiopian context elders expect respect from the community.
This is the _____________ of every one.
A. Moral obligation C. Ethical obligation
B. Legal obligation D. political obligation
91. Which of the following characterize best the essence of accountability
A. shouldering responsibility
B. Answerable to ones action
C. Respecting the rights of citizens
D. None of the above
92. The existence of an effective justice system requires
A. concentration of power in the hands of the few rulers
B. Unitary organization of the judiciary system
C. Hierarchical organization of courts at a country level
D. Independence of judges from interference of the government
93. Which of the following statements about Ethiopian federalism is correct
A. Supreme power of the federal government resides in the House of Federation
B. The federal and regional government have legislative,executive and judiciary powers
C. The highest judicial power of the federal government resides in the council of ministers
D. All state powers and functions are held in the federal government
94. One of the major roles of the constitution of FDRE is that it
A. Ensures the subordination of regional states to the central government
B. Establishes two basic government and administration organs
C. Empowers the president with the authority to declare and terminate wars
D. Legalizes absolute power of the prime minister in appointment of higher officials

95. What is the purpose of checks and balances?
A. Regulating the use of power of government officials
B. Strengthening the power of government
C. Controlling the activities of opposition political parties
D. prolonging the terms of power of government
96. Which of the following conditions causes corruption?
A. Having extremely selfless behavior C. Lack of nationalist sentiment
B. devotion to the common good D. having democratic background
97. What is the purpose of constitutions is democratic system?
A. Protecting political agendas of the government
B. Reinforcing power of the ruling party
C. Securing benefits of authoritative positions
D. promoting the rights of the citizens
98. As a good citizen of Ethiopia, you can contribute to the prevalence of peace
and order in the country by
A. Involving in armed struggle for power
B. Fighting against criminals that violate the law
C. Protesting against opposition parties
D. Promoting illegal political actions

99. Which one of the following is true about unitary state?
A. Officials at all administrative levels are appointed by the
Central authority
B. It is formed by several autonomous states
C. Power is shared between the regional and central government
D. Each member state has the power of determining its local
Affairs
100. Non-governmental associations of volunteer individuals that are organized
for Social, cultural, religious or economic purposes are referred to as
A. Trading companies C. Business enterprises
B. Civil societies D. Social groups
101. Obang well understands his potential and often does things by himself with
Little or no help from others. This shows that Obang is
A. Self-centered C. self-reliant
B. Peer-directed D. Flexible

You are educated. Your certification is in your degree. You may think of it as the ticket to the good life. Let me ask you to think of an alternative. Think of it as your ticket to change the world.

CHANGE STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS


You will go through fundamental alterations
in the quality of your experience.
Either spontaneously
or as a result of prayer,
meditation,
ritual,
song
or special foods
You will experience
great love,
wisdom,
serenity,
or connection
to a god
or nature.
Experiencing altered states of consciousness
will affect
all of your other experiences.
You will experience yourself
transformed
into a different being.

hello